侵华日军第100部队第二部第六分部人体实验细节探析

侵华日军第100部队是日本为实施细菌战在中国东北建立的一支细菌部队,此前,多认为它是针对牲畜及农作物的细菌战部队,随着美方档案解密,披露出它进行人体活体实验的事实。100部队的人体实验主要是由第二部第六分部负责,几乎整个第六分部的成员都参与了人体实验,可能早在1936年关东军军马防疫厂成立之初就已经开始人体实验,大规模进行实验主要是在1943年12月第六分部成立后。被实验者既有中国人,也有苏联人,具体身份有战俘、劳工、传染病病人、毒品吸食者、政治犯、乞丐等。人体实验的种类包括鼻疽菌、炭疽菌、牛瘟及毒品等。人体实验是100部队研究中不可逾越的核心问题,对100部队的人体实验细节探析也是对日本侵华细菌战证据的有效补充。     

第四套人民币收藏展望

受中国人民银行1999年7月1日公布将于10月1日开始陆续发行第五套人民币消息的影响,自1999年11月初以来全国几大邮币卡市场(北京月坛、上海卢工、广东中圆)钱币交易开始升温,投资者开始大量征购“80版”全新50元、100元人民币,征收价分别是80元、150元1张。     

第29届奥运会贵金属纪念币（第1组）

今年2月3日,在德国柏林举办的国际钱币博览会上,中国人民银行隆重地举行了“第29届奥林匹克运动会贵金属纪念币（第1组）项目发布会”,首次向世界展示出2008年在中国首都北京举办的第29届奥运会将要发行的贵金属金银纪念币。共三组中的第1组样品,深受与会的欢迎,并得到专家好评。     

关于第三套人民币

1962年4月20日,第三套人民币开始陆续发行(俗称“六○版”),其券别分为1、2、5、角及1、2、5、10元共7种面值,直到1987年4月27日第四套人民币发行,才被银行陆续回收,是我国人民币中流通时间最长、种类最多的一套,今年7月1日即将停止流通,笔者就此套人民币作一介绍。     

第二轮修志工作还须从资料做起

资料的搜集是编纂志书的基础。第二轮修志工作启动前要对已有的资料进行考订,加强管理,发挥资料的作用。第二轮修志的另一个基础是编辑资料专题、图片集和乡镇场志及年鉴。     

全国第八届科技考古学术讨论会全国第九届考古与文物保护化学学术研讨会征文通知

经中国科技考古学会（筹）、中国化学会应用化学学会、西北大学和中国科学院研究生院协商,全国第八届科技考古学术讨论会和全国第九届考古与物保护化学学术研讨会定于2006年10月18日-21日联合在西北大学召开。现将征集论的有关事项通知如下：     

宁波银台第官宅博物馆的陈列创意

银台第官宅座落于宁波市中心月湖景区的北岸,它是前几年整个月湖景区改造中完整地保留下来为数不多的古宅之一。宅的建造童槐,清嘉庆10年进士,官至山东、江西按察使和通政司副使,三品官级。通政司别称银台,因而童槐的住宅也被称作童府银台第。童槐的儿子童华是清道光18年进士,官至礼部右侍郎,当过光     

麦积山第93窟考察

麦积山石窟第93窟为一平面方形平顶小窟,本文在对其洞窟形制、造像内容及其特点进行考察后认为开凿于北魏景明前后,并认为景明时期是麦积山石窟受中原风格开始变革的重要时期。     

直隶第四初级师范学校旧址

直隶第四初级师范学校创建于1910年(清宣统二年),是当时直隶设立的四所完全初级师范学堂之一,其旧址位于邢台市桥东区师专街邢台学院院内,原为九进院落,现仅存两排校舍,被辟为院史陈列馆。本文简要介绍了其旧址现状。     

解放军总医院第23医疗队在芮城

1970年4月初,我陪同芮城革委会副主任郑直哉同志,从晋南专署接解放军总医院第23医疗队一行12人来到芮城县。当天下午,县核心小组组长、人武部政委王溪均和县革委其他领导,在县招待所接待了医疗队全体队员,并指示我们安排好医疗队的生活和工作。在4月15日卫生工作会议上,王溪均     

On the Unseriousness of Human Affairs: Teaching,Writing, Playing,Believing, Lecturing,Philosophizing, Singing,Dancing

Abstract

Baker, Paula, ed. Money and Politics University Park: Penn State University Press 120 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-271-02246-9 Publication Date: October 2002

Swers, Michele L. The Difference Women Make: The Policy Impact of Women in Congress Chicago: University of Chicago Press 200 pp., $45.00 cloth, $16.00 paper ISBN 0-226-78647-1 cloth ISBN 0-226-78649-8 paper Publication Date: October 2002

Brady, David W., and Mathew D. McCubbins, eds. Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress Stanford: Stanford University Press 549 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-8047-4571-4 Publication Date: September 2002

Segal, Jeffrey A., and Harold J. Spaeth The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited New York: Cambridge University Press 459 pp., $70.00 cloth, $25.00 paper ISBN 0-521-78351-8 cloth ISBN 0-521-78971-0 paper Publication Date: September 2002

Bonnicksen, Andrea L. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cells Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press 232 pp., $39.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-87840-370-1 cloth ISBN 0-87840-371-X paper Publication Date: August 2002

Nelson, Candice J., David A. Dulio, and Stephen K. Medvic, eds. Shades of Gray: Perspectives on Campaign Ethics Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press 262 pp., $46.95 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-0618-9 cloth ISBN 0-8157-0617-0 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Hendrickson, Ryan C. The Clinton Wars: The Constitution, Congress, and War Powers Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press 240 pp., $49.95 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 0-8265-1413-8 cloth ISBN 0-8265-1414-6 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Siplon, Patricia D. AIDS and the Policy Struggle in the United States Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press 176 pp., $39.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-87840-377-9 cloth ISBN 0-520-20254-6 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Stiehm, Judith Hicks The U.S. Army War College: Military Education in a Democracy Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press 272 pp., $69.50 cloth, $22.95 paper ISBN 1-56639-959-9 cloth ISBN 1-56639-960-2 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Tusmith, Bonnie, and Maureen T. Reddy, eds. Race in the College Classroom: Pedagogy and Politics New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 336 pp., $60.00 cloth, $22.00 paper ISBN 0-8135-3108-X cloth ISBN 0-8135-3109-8 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Miller-Adams, Michelle Owning Up: Poverty, Assets, and the American Dream Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press 224 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0-8157-0619-7 Publication Date: July 2002

Rubin, Richard Confederacy of Silence: A True Tale of the New Old South New York: Atria Books 438 pp., $26.00 cloth, $15.00 paper ISBN 0-671-03666-1 cloth ISBN 0-671-03-667-X paper Publication Date: July 2002

Cooper, Phillip J. By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 301 pp., $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-1179-7 cloth ISBN 0-7006-1180-0 paper Publication Date: June 2002

Weizer, Paul I. Sexual Harassment: Cases, Case Studies, and Commentary, Vol. 12 New York: Peter Lang Publishing 352 pp., $27.95, ISBN 0-8204-5261-0 Publication Date: June 2002

Adler, E. Scott Why Congressional Reforms Fail: Re-election and the House Committee System Chicago: University of Chicago Press 263 pp., $55.00 cloth, $19.00 paper ISBN 0-226-00755-3 cloth ISBN 0-226-00756-1 paper Publication Date: May 2002

Hamburger, Philip Separation of Church and State Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 514 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-674-00734-4 Publication Date: May 2002

Squires, Gregory D., ed. Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press 364 pp., $32.50, ISBN 0-87766-709-8 Publication Date: April 2002

Robinson, Randall N. The Reckoning: What Blacks Owe to Each Other New York: E. P. Dutton 290 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-525-94625-X Publication Date: January 2002

Lerner, Mitchell B. The Pueblo Incident: A Spy Ship and the Failure of American Foreign Policy Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 320 pp., $34.95, ISBN 0-7006-1171-1 Publication Date: May 2002

Cohen, Warren I. The Asian American Century Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 150 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-674-00765-4 Publication Date: March 2002

Lawson, Chappell H. Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and the Rise of a Free Press in Mexico Berkeley: University of California Press 287 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-520-23171-6 Publication Date: August 2002

Camp, Roderic Ai Mexico's Mandarins: Crafting a Power Elite for the Twenty-First Century Berkeley: University of California Press 319 pp., $54.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-520-23343-3 cloth ISBN 0-520-23344-1 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Ivanov, Igor S. The New Russian Diplomacy: Ten Years of Moscow's Foreign Policy Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press 203 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-8157-4498-6 Publication Date: July 2002

Volkov, Vadim Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 224 pp., $17.95, ISBN 0-801-48778-1 Publication Date: September 2002

Whiteside, Kerry H. Divided Natures: French Contributions to Political Ecology Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press 333 pp., $24.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-262-73147-9 cloth ISBN 0-262-73247-9 paper Publication Date: January 2002

Muel-Dreyfus, Francine Vichy and the Eternal Feminine: A Contribution to the Political Sociology of Gender Trans. Kathleen A. Johnson Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press 388 pp., $21.95, ISBN 0-8223-2774-0 Publication Date: October 2001

Hahn, Jeffrey W., ed. Regional Russia in Transition: Studies from Yaroslavl' Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press 258 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-8018-6741-X Publication Date: June 2001

Terry, Fiona Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 282 pp., $19.55, ISBN 0-8014-8796-X Publication Date: August 2002

Mandelbaum, Michael The Ideas That Conquered the World: Peace, Democracy, and Free Markets in the Twenty-First Century New York: Public Affairs 483 pp., $30.00, ISBN 1-58648-134-7 Publication Date: August 2002

Byman, Daniel L. Keeping the Peace: Lasting Solutions to Ethnic Conflicts Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press 280 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-8018-6804-1 Publication Date: March 2002

Wattenberg, Martin P. Where Have All the Voters Gone? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 200 pp., $39.95 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-674-00937-1 cloth ISBN 0-674-00938-X paper Publication Date: November 2002

Jung, Hwa Yol, ed. Comparative Political Culture in the Age of Globalization: An Introductory Anthology Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books 464 pp., $80.00 cloth, $26.95 paper ISBN 0-7391-0317-2 cloth ISBN 0-7391-0318-0 paper Publication Date: February 2002

Beissinger, Mark R., and Crawford Young, eds. Beyond State Crisis? Postcolonial Africa and Post-Soviet Eurasia in Comparative Perspective Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press 514 pp., $60.00 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 1-930365-07-1 cloth ISBN 1-930365-08-X paper Publication Date: May 2002

Ding, Yjiang Chinese Democracy after Tiananmen New York: Columbia University Press 173 pp., $75.00 cloth, $20.00 paper ISBN 0-774-80838-1 ISBN 0-231-12565-8 Publication Date: March 2002

Boonin, David A Defense of Abortion New York: Cambridge University Press 350 pp., $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper ISBN 0-521-81701-3 cloth ISBN 0-521-52035-5 paper Publication Date: November 2002

Tuckness, Alex Locke and the Legislative Point of View: Toleration, Contested Principles, and the Law Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press 206 pp., $49.50 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-691-09503-5 cloth ISBN 0-691-09504-3 paper Publication Date: October 2002

Edwards, Alistair, and Jules Townshend, eds. Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy: From Machiavelli to Marx New York: Palgrave Macmillan 241 pp., $74.95 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 0-333-77241-5 cloth ISBN 0-333-77242-3 paper Publication Date: September 2002

Uslaner, Eric M. The Moral Foundations of Trust New York: Cambridge University Press 298 pp., $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper ISBN 0-521-81213-5 cloth ISBN 0-521-01103-5 paper Publication Date: July 2002

Zuckert, Michael P. Launching Liberalism: On Lockean Political Philosophy Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 392 pp., $40.00 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-1173-8 cloth ISBN 0-7007-1174-6 paper Publication Date: June 2002

Tessitore, Aristide, ed. Aristotle and Modern Politics: The Persistence of Political Philosophy Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press 438 pp., $32.95, ISBN 0-268-02014-0 Publication Date: April 2002

Freeberg, Ellen M. Regarding Equality: Rethinking Contemporary Theories of Citizenship, Freedom, and the Limits of Moral Pluralism Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books 145 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-7391-0155-2 Publication Date: March 2002

Jamieson, Beth Kiyoko Real Choices: Feminism, Freedom, and the Limits of the Law University Park: Penn State University Press 259 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-271-02136-5 Publication Date: December 2001     

Bossler,Beverly, Courtesans,Concubines, and the Cult of Female Fidelity

Employing a wealth of detailed evidence, the author of the book portrays an ambitious picture of gender relations in the roughly five centuries from late-Tang to late-Yuan. In order to make the incredibly complicated picture more organized, Bossier divides the book chronologically into three time periods, the Northern Song （with a little part touching on the late Tang）, the Southern Song, and the Yuan. Within each time period, Bossier analyzes three major categories of women---courtesans, concubines, and wives--in that sequence. Such arrangement is a clear sign of her argument： from Song to Yuan, writings on men＇s romantic relationship with courtesans gradually gave way to wives＇ fidelity and obligations, which was being applied more generally to all women, including courtesans, courtesan-concubines, and concubines. The application of wifely virtue to all women promoted the status of concubines within the family, as they were expected to behave and be treated like respectable wives. As a consequence, wives＇ authority declined, especially when sons produced by wives and concubines received equal treatment. Such a practice stressed the importance of paternal side while ignoring the maternal one, hence greatly intensified the patriline.     

辽宁铁岭市银州区辽海屯北山遗址

1993年6月,我们对辽海屯北山遗址进行了重点勘探与试掘,发现房址、窖穴、灰坑等遗迹14处,出土了一批具有特色的陶器和石器.陶器的种类有鬲、鼎、甑、甗、盆、罐、碗等,其年代约在西周时期.     

Land,Stone, Trees,Identity, Ambition: the Building Blocks of Brochs

Brochs are impressive stone roundhouses unique to Iron Age Scotland. This paper introduces a new perspective developed from architectural analysis and drawing on new survey, fieldwork and analogies from anthropology and social history. The study of architectural design and constructional detail exposes fewer competitive elements than previously anticipated. Instead, attempts to emulate, share and communicate identities can be detected. The architectural language of the broch allows complex layers of individual preferences, local and regional traditions, and supra-regional communications to be expressed in a single house design. The proposed ‘productive households’ model moves beyond ideas of competing elites at times of stress, and invites a new debate by expanding a more complex broch concept beyond the Atlantic core.