冬虫夏草凭什么这么贵

冬虫夏草是一种传统的名贵滋补中药材,与人参、鹿茸一起,被列为中国三大补药。冬虫夏草适用于治疗肺气虚和肺肾两虚、肺结核等所致的咯血或痰中带血、咳嗽、气短、盗汗等,对肾虚阳痿、腰膝酸疼等亦有良好的疗效。     

对保护青海冬虫夏草资源的思考

青海冬虫夏草生长于高寒高海拔区,其独特的药用和营养价值深受国内外消费者的青睐,需求量不断增加,价格一路攀升,随之在冬虫夏草资源开发利用和管理中出现了一些不容忽视的问题。加强冬虫夏草资源管理,对于保护草原生态,全面实现冬虫夏草资源持续开发利用,有效提高虫草产区社会经济协调发展和增加农牧民收入具有重要意义。     

完善民族教育立法问题探究——辽宁民族自治地方的实证考察

民族教育立法是我国立法体系的重要组成部分,对于保障我国少数民族受教育权利,提高少数民族地区人口素质,推动民族地区经济社会发展具有十分重要而深远的意义。纵观我国现行民族教育立法,已不能满足民族教育发展的需要。完善民族教育立法是当前发展我国民族教育的当务之急。     

生态环境保护与青藏高原地区交通立法基本问题研究

青藏高原地区重要的生态地位和特殊的生态环境决定了在该地区发展交通事业与生态环境保护之间形成了一定的矛盾,而在法制的轨道上实现交通良性发展,是建设社会主义法治国家的基本要求。因而,为了解决发展交通事业与生态环境保护之间的矛盾,必须确立以人与自然和谐相处为重要内容的立法指导思想,确立以可持续发展和国家干预为重要内容的立法原则。同时,应当将管理型立法与促进型立法相结合,并将其作为该地区交通立法的基本模式。     

清政府对苗疆的法律调整及其历史意义

对苗疆的法律问题调整是清朝民族法制建设中最有特色的部分之一。本文通过对清朝不同时期、不同情况下在苗疆地区进行的立法和法律调整措施的研究 ,指出清朝在苗疆地区的民族立法是多层次的、多种形式的 ,在实施过程中是灵活、有效的 ,体现了清朝民族统治和民族立法的成就。     

我国政府采购面临的问题及对策

当前我国政府采购存在着立法滞后、监督不力、地区封锁、行业垄断及贸易手段落后等问题 ,为了加强财政支出管理 ,必须采取相应措施     

虫草只应青藏有

全世界只有青藏高原能够孕育冬虫夏草这种名贵药材。由于特殊的生活史,冬虫夏草不仅需要有适合的寄主为其提供养分,对生存环境也有相当苛刻的要求。     

边疆民族地区社区参与生态旅游的法律规制——以普洱市为例

生态旅游的兴起为边疆民族地区社会经济的发展带来了良好的机遇。普洱市作为典型的边疆民族地区,自然生态环境优越、人文生态资源丰富、普洱茶文化源远流长,发展生态旅游极具潜力。社区参与生态旅游是边疆民族地区生态旅游的重要组成部分,但却面临着法律机制欠缺、经济发展与生态保护的矛盾凸显等问题。在民族区域自治制度的框架下加强社区参与生态旅游的立法,研究完善社区参与生态旅游的法律规制是促进边疆民族地区经济发展的有力保障。     

民族自治地方立法问题刍议

民族自治地方立法权是我国立法体制中的一个重要组成部分,也是民族自治地方依法行使自治权的重要内容。当前,民族自治地方立法面临诸多问题,制约了民族自治地方经济社会的全面发展。必须尽快采取有效措施,完善民族自治地方立法,以推动民族地区经济社会的全面进步。     

藏区要闻

西藏自治区33个本地产品获绿色食品标志 从2005年至今,西藏6家企业生产的青稞精粮、拉萨啤酒、大蒜油、辣椒油、花椒油、核桃油、白朗糌粑、牦牛肉、红景天、雪莲、冬虫夏草、藏鸡蛋等33个产品相继通过绿色食品认证。     

Rewriting Australian Liberalism: The High Court's Jurisprudence of Rights

The High Court's recent rights jurisprudence has been unusually controversial. This paper argues that it is possible to evaluate the important developments in the Court's jurisprudence by examining the philosophical foundations of its understanding of rights. Relying on the distinction between utilitarian rights and natural and human rights, the paper discerns in the Court's traditional legalism as well as its more recent jurisprudence of implied rights a consistent commitment to a utilitarian conception of rights. In contrast, the paper argues that the Court's human rights jurisprudence represents a fundamental shift in its view of rights and judicial review, with far-reaching consequences for Australian constitutionalism and liberalism.     

Challenges in ‘Translating’ Human Rights: Perceptions and Practices of Civil Society Actors in Western India

Rights‐based approaches have become prevalent in development rhetoric and programmes in countries such as India, yet little is known about their impact on development practice on the ground. There is limited understanding of how rights work is carried out in India, a country that has a long history of indigenous rights discourse and a strong tradition of civil society activism on rights issues. In this article, we examine the multiple ways in which members of civil society organizations (CSOs) working on rights issues in the state of Rajasthan understand and operationalize rights in their development programmes. As a result of diverse ‘translations’ of rights, local development actors are required to bridge the gaps between the rhetoric of policy and the reality of access to healthcare on the ground. This article illustrates that drawing on community‐near traditions of activism and mobilization, such ‘translation work’ is most effective when it responds to local exigencies and needs in ways that the universal language of human rights and state development discourse leave unmet and unacknowledged. In the process, civil society actors use rights‐based development frameworks instrumentally as well as normatively to deepen community awareness and participation on the one hand, and to fix the state in its role as duty bearer of health rights, on the other hand. In their engagement with rights, CSO members work to reinforce but also challenge neoliberal modes of health governance.     

美国社会组织与联合国人权规范的起源

二战爆发后,美国社会组织在对战争与和平问题的研究中提出依靠国际组织保障人权的规范构想。美国政府则并未重视人权议题,人权在敦巴顿橡树园会议上只处于边缘地位。社会组织在此后掀起大规模的游说活动,要求提高人权议题的地位,这使得美国政府考虑融合社会组织的人权规范构想与主权规范原则。旧金山会议上,美国说服其他大国接受其人权立场,极力否决拉美国家的人权提案,体现出美国借人权话语行使霸权的实质意图。最终出台的《联合国宪章》多处涉及人权,奠定了此后联合国人权规范的基础。但是,社会组织与美国政府围绕人权的争论凸显了宪章人权条款的复杂特征,这使得美国在此后联合国人权规范的发展中面临更多的挑战。     

近代中国公民权利意识演变的历史考察

是否有权利意识,是现代公民与传统臣民的重要区别之一。近代国人权利意识的觉醒,与西学的传播息息相关。其演变发展过程可分为五个时期:权利意识觉醒时期、参与意识觉醒时期、伦理人权时期、法治人权时期,以及权利理论的深入探讨期。总体而言,国人对公民权利的认识,无论是具体内容或理论,一步步趋于深入,但也存在着一些明显的不足,其中之一便是对私有财产权没有进行深入探讨。     

我国旅游者合法权益保护问题的思考

随着旅游业在国民经济发展中的地位日益重要,旅游者合法权益保护问题也越发成为人们关注的焦点。本文探讨了旅游者合法权益保护的重要意义,对我国旅游者合法权益保护的现状进行了系统论述,对现阶段我国旅游者合法权益保护存在的主要问题及其成因做了深入分析。在此基础上,提出了旅游者合法权益保护系统的概念,尝试建立一种高效的旅游者合法权益保护系统模型。     

High Court Review 2004: Limits on the Judicial Protection of Rights

The High Court's role of judicial review has often been examined for its impact on rights protection, an area of particular interest in Australia due to the historical lack of an explicit bill of rights in either statutory or constitutional form. In 2004 rights issues were presented in particularly stark relief in several key cases, demonstrating the difficulties of the role of judicial review in the Australian constitutional framework. The cases analysed here produce compelling evidence of the limitations of relying on judicial review for rights protection within the Australian system of government. They demonstrate that in the absence of a clearer framework for the protection of rights the judiciary can uphold unambiguous decisions of the legislature enshrined in statute, even where and when those provisions are considered to override the rule of law, international standards and human rights principles.     

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 70: protection of human rights in Australia*

This commentary reflects on the legacy of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on its 70th anniversary, in terms of the protection of human rights within Australia. I reflect on Australia’s failure to implement domestically the terms of the two founding Covenants, and the resulting piecemeal protections that exist for human rights. I finish by considering the growing complexities in understanding human rights, responsibilities, and limits.     

Women's Rights as Human Rights after the End of History

This article is based on the 2022 Gender & History annual lecture. It reconsiders the recent history of women's rights as human rights. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union brought to an end a twentieth-century discourse of women's rights, understood not only as legal norms, but as a political language harnessed to a narrative of women as a collective subject progressing towards emancipation and equality. This was enabled by an international order in which human rights were tied to visions of self-determination, social rights and strong states, creating spaces for new subjects to make their voices heard in international law, albeit in particular and circumscribed ways. After 1989, women were again written into international law primarily as victims of violence, while the emergence of gender as a category of analysis challenged the notion of ‘women’ as a collective subject of rights. The story of women's rights, the article concludes, suggests that recent revisionist histories of human rights as a neoliberal utopia are only one part of a more complex human rights history.     

The Ebb and Flow of Indigenous Rights Recognitions in Conservation Policy

At the 2003 World Parks Congress, diverse conservation actors called for the end of exclusionary approaches to conservation; recognition of customary forms of environmental protection; and restoration of losses to indigenous peoples whose lands were incorporated into protected areas without meaningful consent. A primary means to achieving such reforms has been the development of rights‐based approaches to conservation, expressed at the time as the better integration of human rights into the planning and management of protected areas. This article reviews the suite of publications that followed the 2003 Congress, each identifying the need for rights‐based approaches in conservation. All reviewed materials seek to operationalize human rights into conservation planning, but the review indicates a pattern of support for, then retreat from, and even a possible ‘backlash’ against, indigenous rights. The review also finds important differences in organizations’ ideas about who is responsible for protecting the environment versus who is responsible for protecting human rights. The authors draw from these findings a caution against the subversion of the original intention of rights‐based conservation to definitions that more fully serve conservation organizations’ own ends, based on the presumption that benefits (including rights) from environmental protection will eventually trickle down to people.     

国民党统治时期自由主义人权运动评析

人权为评估一国政治统治的合法性和正当性提供道德上的判断基准。只有当公民不再需要经常用人权与本国政府抗争时,此政府才被认为是合法的。鉴于史学界对国民党统治时期中国人权运动尚缺乏系统剖析,本文以介于国共之间的中间党派为历史考察对象,通过对其主导的人权运动作认真梳理,试图阐明中间党派的宪政思想及其新自由主义人权观的理论意蕴。