古巴比伦时期家庭养老习俗研究北大核心CSSCI

如何解决老年人的养老不仅在当今社会备受关注,在古代也是一个重要的社会问题。古巴比伦人主要依靠家庭养老的方式来解决老人的晚年生活问题。核心家庭的老人依靠子女或继子女来养老,无亲生子女的老人则主要采取收养的方式,依靠养子女得以养老。妻子则常常依靠丈夫赠予的财产或继承丈夫的财产来解决自己的养老问题。古巴比伦人形成了较完善的、多种模式的家庭养老方式,较好地解决了老年人的养老问题。     

试论我国农村家庭养老存在的问题及解决途径

家庭养老作为我国农村最主要的养老方式,有其存在的基础。它对农村的社会稳定和经济发展有重要的意义。但是随着我国老龄化速度加快等因素的影响,农村家庭养老面临很多问题和挑战。农村老年人的养老问题日益突出,养老日益成为我国必须关注和亟待解决的现实问题。     

养老旅游市场需求及其影响因素分析

随着我国老年人口的增多,老年群体已成为我国旅游市场的一大消费群体,养老旅游作为一种旅游新业态将成为旅游业新的增长点。通过定性和多元回归的定量方法,从“需求-供给”两个层面分析养老旅游的市场需求状况和养老旅游市场规模的影响因素。研究表明：老年群体选择养老旅游的动机需求呈多元化,可概括为康养疗养需求、休闲观光需求、宜居环境需求和品质生活需求;影响养老旅游市场规模的主要因素是旅行社数量和老年人口数,呈正向影响。因此,在开发养老旅游市场资源时,要提升旅游项目与老年人需求的匹配度,加强老年旅游项目的针对性,同时老年人口增速和旅行社数量应成为养老旅游市场开发时重点考虑的因素。     

家庭孝道对传统“孝道”的弘扬

在中国,农村家庭养老有着悠久的历史,它对社会的发展意义重大。"孝"在思想观念和价值取向不断发展的今天,"孝"被作为当代家庭的道德规范,既是中华民族传统的伦理美德,也是维系人们正常生活的纽带。事实上,大多数子女在生活中仍然坚持尊老、敬老、养老的传统美德。孝敬父母,孝顺老人,是建立良好、和谐的家庭关系的重要保障。因此,在现在,大力弘扬传统孝道仍具有十分重要的现实意义。     

农村留守老人家庭养老模式研究

我国的留守老人家庭养老模式主要有三种:依靠土地的家庭养老模式、分而不离模式和居家养老模式。但现有的三种模式不能对农村留守老人进行全方位的照顾,理想的模式应从经济供养、生活照料和精神慰藉三个维度同时兼顾留守老人的家庭养老,因此应大力发展农村经济,完善社会保障制度;加强养老立法,充分发挥家庭的养老功能;家庭成员为老人提供养老的全方位支持以及重视社区在农民养老中的作用,以保障家庭养老的基础地位,使留守老人能够安度晚年。     

构建传统与现代互补的农村养老制度

中国农村家庭深受传统孝文化的影响。在传统孝文化影响下形成了传统养老制度有其积极作用,且现代农村养老制度的建设又是时代的要求,因此,应正确处理其二者的关系,并据此采取措施,建设传统与现代互补的农村养老制度。     

"社会养老"观念的社会养成的思考

"社会养老"不仅是一个家庭问题,也长期作为社会问题而存在.而就目前"社会养老"的状况分析,社会养老接受程度低下,情况并不理想,原因更多的在于人们观念上的限制.其中主要分为孝文化、养儿防老以及社会认知的不全面.产生这些问题的原因在于,传统观念的影响,社会福利的缺陷和养老行业不够规范.为了解决这些问题,我们应当将重点放在实...     

贫困地区农村妇女家庭养老情况分析——以宁夏为例

全国第六次人口普查数据显示,我国已经进入老龄化社会,并且农村人口仍然占大多数,这就是说,我国的老年人口中大多数也在农村,而农村女性相比又处于弱势。在全国城乡经济社会发展仍然存在差距的情况下,农村的养老尤其是女性养老就成为了一个亟需解决的问题。本文以宁夏为例对农村妇女家庭养老问题做必要分析。     

古巴比伦时期家庭养老习俗研究

如何解决老年人的养老不仅在当今社会备受关注,在古代也是一个重要的社会问题。古巴比伦人主要依靠家庭养老的方式来解决老人的晚年生活问题。核心家庭的老人依靠子女或继子女来养老,无亲生子女的老人则主要采取收养的方式,依靠养子女得以养老。妻子则常常依靠丈夫赠予的财产或继承丈夫的财产来解决自己的养老问题。古巴比伦人形成了较完善的、多种模式的家庭养老方式,较好地解决了老年人的养老问题。     

基于生命历程理论的养老旅游决策行为影响因素研究——以重庆市为例

对养老旅游决策行为影响因素的研究有助于发现旅游主体的内在动因,深入开拓养老旅游市场。本研究基于生命历程理论,选取影响养老旅游决策行为的16个变量设计问卷,在重庆市展开实地调查;运用二元logistic回归模型对调查数据进行分析。结果显示：对养老旅游决策行为的影响中,“个人能动性”影响最为显著,“相互联系的生活”影响较为显著,“一定时空中的生活”有一定影响,“生活的时间性”影响不显著;总体而言,对养老旅游决策行为影响较为显著的因素有居住地、退休前从事职业、退休后年收入水平、是否有需要照顾的家人、文化程度、养老储蓄、个人年际旅游最高频次、动态爱好活动频率。养老旅游决策行为受不同生命历程影响。     

Ageing and Dependency in India

This paper modifies the measurement of dependency and applies it to the Indian situation at the state level. It is generally believed that the aged are a burden on the family and the nation as they do not contribute to the national income. This is not always true. In India: 40 per cent of those aged 60 and over are working, which rises to 61 per cent in the case of males. On the other hand, there are adults (age group 15–59) who are not working and are dependants. In the measurement of dependency, adjustments for these factors are essential. This study employs three measures of dependency, namely (i) old age economic dependency, (ii) adult dependency and (iii) relative dependency. Based on these dependency ratios, inter-state variations and gender differentials in dependencies have been studied. The study shows that relative dependency of the old age population is lower than the adult population, and the opportunity of harvesting the demographic window is being missed in India.     

自然法尔与晚年亲鸾的精神救赎——《自然法尔事》文本的重释

在罪恶感与空虚不断加剧的晚年,亲鸾将唯物自然融入宗学理论,构筑起“自然法尔”的这一哲学体系。然而,自然法尔并非反映了一种客观的自然规律,其以“他力”为核心的理论实质,实际体现了对佛力的至上信念和绝对依赖,充分展现了晚年亲鸾自我救赎的心境及高远的宗教理想。     

Identification of the Archaeological ‘Invisible Elderly’: An Approach Illustrated with an Anglo‐Saxon Example

The aim of this paper is to present a method to facilitate age‐at‐death estimation of older individuals (generally those aged 50+ years) in a representative cemetery sample. The purpose of disaggregating catch‐all categories, such as 50+ years, is to enable the exploration of the elderly (those in their 50s, 60s, 70s or 80s) in the context of mortuary archaeology, bioarchaeology and/or palaeopathology. The methodological steps include the following: (1) assessment of occlusal tooth wear in an Anglo‐Saxon cemetery sample from Worthy Park, UK; (2) seriation of the sample, from youngest to oldest, based on the degree of tooth wear; (3) selection of an ethnographically derived model (known mortality profile) by which seriated individuals in the Worthy Park sample could be reallocated to more realistic or appropriate age classes; (4) reallocation of individuals in the seriated Worthy Park sample to the model age classes. A Hadza, Tanzania, hunter‐gatherer profile was chosen to model the Worthy Park sample, although others are available. By using this model, some 66% of the entire adult sample, originally allocated to the single final age category of 45+ years, was distributed across four new age categories from the mid‐40s to mid‐70s. Relatively straightforward, this approach provides a way to identify those individuals, 50+ years old, not normally sensitive to traditional age‐at‐death estimation methodologies currently available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Explaining age differences in positive attitudes towards national commemorations: the role of what people commemorate

Commemorations of shared national history are important to the process of nation‐building. Support for such national commemorations is not, however, evenly distributed in societies. Because this could endanger the possible integrative function of commemorative ceremonies, it is important to understand the sources of structural differences in support. In this article, age differences in support for national commemorations in the Netherlands are examined. It is argued that because age cohorts grow up with different ideas on what should be commemorated they also differ in value attached to such commemorations. Data from the National Freedom Enquiry 2012 show that older persons more often associate national commemorations with the Second World War than younger persons do, and that this is the reason why they are more supportive of the annual celebration of Liberation Day. In the concluding section, it is argued that more (quantitative) studies should be conducted in order to truly understand the mechanisms behind support of national commemorations as this may help us to better comprehend the processes construing feelings of national belonging.     

上海市区有老人家庭居住需求与居住分异

上海是我国第一个进入老年型人口结构的城市。随着年龄的增长、生理心理状况的变化,老人对住宅的需求有一定的特殊性。居家养老模式下,老人的居住状况直接影响老人晚年的生活质量。以老人与子女居住空间距离为标准,可分为共居型、网络型和分离型三种居住类型。受经济、社会、文化及健康状况的影响,上海市区有老人家庭存在居住地段、住宅类型、住宅环境、社区为老服务等方面的分异。     

Family education support to rural migrant children in China: evidence from Shenzhen

Rural migrant children have become a fast-growing population in China as a consequence of the large-scale population flow from rural to urban areas. Besides the dual-structure hukou system, which restrains rural migrants from upward mobility, family capital also plays an important role in providing family educational support to rural migrant children. Using the data from P District and N District of Shenzhen in 2013, this paper explores the present status of three dimensions of family capital and five aspects of family educational support to Chinese rural migrant children, as well as the correlation between family capital and family educational support from perspectives of migration status (hukou), life course (children’s age), and school type. Constrained by inadequate family capital in multiple dimensions manifested by less education, lower income, and limited social networks, etc., parents of rural migrant children provide less family educational support in nearly every aspect compared with parents of urban local children. Among rural migrant children, those in private migrant schools receive the least support from their parents.     

20世纪30年代城市居民的疾病与死亡——以南京、北平、广州为中心

本文根据国民政府主计处统计局编印的《统计期讯—卫生》,围绕着死亡疾病类型和死亡者的身份属性、职业背景以及生理年龄,考察20世纪30年代的南京、北平和广州城市居民的疾病与死亡问题。文章认为从死亡疾病分析,20世纪30年代南京、北平和广州居民的死亡疾病涉及到传染性疾病、消化系统、呼吸系统、心脏系统以及神经系统等诸种疾病,其中一些非传染性疾病或者非法定传染性疾病的威胁较大。从死亡年龄与职业分析,南京、广州和北平三地居民死亡年龄分布情况虽然存在地域性差异,但是死亡年龄主要集中在0—1岁、1—4岁、40—60岁和60岁以上的年龄段,不同年龄段所染患疾病也表现出一定年龄特征;职业差异对城市居民健康的影响也不容忽视。文章认为,这些事实逻辑实际上是提醒我们要谨慎对待目前这一领域的某些认识规范。     

Old and cared for: place of residence for elderly women in eighteenth-century Toulouse

Although they lacked the ideological and economic advantages of patriarchal authority, women in eighteenth-century France were no less likely than men to receive support in their old age from friends and family. Elderly women rarely lived on their own, and when they could not rely on their children for support, they found care in more distant kin and friends. This support was not derived from economic coercion but from a vague sense of moral duty. Informal networks of care sufficed for both the rich and the poor except in cases of extreme illness.     

信息化社会图书馆员素质的培养

图书馆在国家的科学教育和研究体系中占据重要地位,为教育和科学研究提供服务图书馆员的素质是由图书馆的性质、职能、规律和特点所决定的。在信息化社会,图书馆的应用技术呈现出更广阔的应用平台,要求图书馆员积极应对新技术和新的工作方式转变的挑战;读者的需求向多元化方式转变,也要求图书馆员不断提高服务质量和履务方式。因此,图书馆员的素质是图书馆适应信息化社会发展的关键。鉴于此,本文就图书馆员应当具备的素质以及如何提高自身素质提出了一些基本思路。     

北京城市社会区的变迁

北京城市社会区的空间结构从近代到现代,受不同的社会制度、历史成因的影响,表现出不同的特征,本文对北京城市社会区在三个时期的变迁进行了比较分析。