On the Specification of Indirect Utility and Willingness to Pay for Discrete Residential Location Models

In this paper we develop a framework to describe the individual choice of residential location using the microeconomics of discrete choices. The individual is seen as deciding frequency, duration, and location of a set of activities for each potential residential zone, knowing the distribution of goods and activities in space as well as transport costs and travel times. The conditional indirect utility function and its associated willingness to pay function for each zone are obtained, where the roles of accessibility, income, and neighborhood attributes emerge clearly. Zonal utility in discrete location choice models can be specified and interpreted using these functions.     

Willingness to Pay for Multifunctional Megaprojects: A Stated Preference Analysis Among Firms in the Amsterdam Zuidas Area

Urban (re-)development projects may generate various positive and negative spatial externalities to employers. The assessment of such benefits is fraught with many methodological and empirical problems. This study aims to assess the order of magnitude of expected net benefits for incumbent employers that may accrue from a large-scale development project in the Zuidas area in the South-Western part of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This development project is planned to transform the area into a large multifunctional urban agglomeration. We employ a specific stated preference method (namely, a willingness-to-pay method) to gauge the project's net socio-economic benefits for the current firms in the area concerned, paying special attention to the benefits associated with multifunctionality.     

A Network Approach to Commuting

In this paper we present a model for commuting in a network of towns. A basic assumption is that all individuals have a given residential location and that every node in the network has a fixed number of jobs. We then propose a general model for the commuting of labor between the nodes in the network.     

Commuting to the Istanbul Historical Core: The Case of Industrial Employees

The aim of this paper is firstly, to determine the types of manufacturing activities which are at present active in the Istanbul Historical Core and secondly, to establish the daily commuting pattern of industrial employment. With this information to hand, it is then possible to assess the impact of the transportation pattern on the historical core and the metropolitan area as a whole. The results show that industrial employees commuting to work in the historical core face more difficulties, by way of duration-distance-change, than the average value observed in the metropolitan area. Moving manufacturing activities away from the historical core will not only decrease the difficulties faced by industrial employees in this area, but will also relieve this 2400 year old area from the burden of traffic congestion, environmental and noise pollution, and create usable building capacity .     

Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Model Specifications to Predict Commuting Flows

This study is devoted to empirical and modeling aspects on how characteristics of spatial structure influence commuting flows. Within a doubly-constrained framework, results from a competing-destinations formulation are evaluated and compared to results from the traditional gravity model. The evaluation depends critically upon the specification of within-zone journeys-to-work. Specific labor-market characteristics are found to be significant to explain how workers are absorbed in diagonal elements of the trip-distribution matrix. We also find that the parametric specification of the accessibility measure is important, and that the competing-destinations formulation is superior to the traditional gravity model.     

注重专题调查提高志书学术品位

专题调查有助于提高志书的学术品位,而一篇好的专题调查也需要一个合适的载体。文章就专题调查的必要性、针对性和可行性以及专题调查在志书中位置的合理性作了简要的论述。     

第二轮修志应重视庙会文化的记述

章通过抽样调查,针对首轮修志以来忽视对庙会的记叙,或记叙不当的现象,分析其原因：受“左”的思想影响;受辞书庙会词条错释的误导;受资料的限制。说明第二轮修志补记的内容和方法。     

Extremal Approaches to Estimating Spatial Interaction

Two recent theoretical approaches to the gravity model of spatial interaction are examined with emphasis on the dissimilar physical and statistical theories from which they were respectively derived. Formal relationships between the two methods are demonstrated. The two approaches jointly indicate a general method of generating new hypotheses of gravity flows. This method is discussed and evaluated, and some questions of theory comparability are explored. Comments on some of the computational features of each of the two models conclude the paper.     

第二轮修志应重视对典章制度的记载--兼论章学诚志书立掌故之意义

志书应记载典章制度,它能更明了志义,是真实反映历史的需要,也为后人提供借鉴和研究。典章制度是志书的一个重要组成部分。作从方志记载典章制度的提出、现实意义、内容及篇目安排几个方面作了探讨。     

Preferences for Housing, Jobs, and Commuting: A Mixed Logit Analysis

This paper reports stated preferences of Dutch workers for combinations of housing, employment, and commuting. The analysis uses standard logit models as well as mixed logit models. Estimation results offer insights into the relative importance of various aspects of housing, employment, and commuting. Households dislike commuting and the value of commuting time implied by the model is high in comparison to the wage rate. Nevertheless, preferences for some housing attributes are strong enough to make substantially longer commuting acceptable to most workers. Of special interest is the strong preference for living in small-or medium-size cities, especially among two income households. Using a mixed logit model instead of a standard logit model results in a substantial improvement of the loglikelihood, reflecting the importance of heterogeneity among respondents. If no individual characteristics are incorporated into the model, the mixed logit implies substantially lower average monetary evaluations of most attributes. These differences are much smaller if some individual characteristics are incorporated into the model.     

续志必须重视"补遗"

续志应设“补遗”门类或专项,把首轮新编志书漏记的内容补记完整。前提是指导思想要正确,明确“古…‘近”“现”和“详略…‘粗细”的概念,对诸如民国时期、抗日时期及解放后的一些重大运动的历史资料要认真记实记清。认真总结前志编纂的经验教训,科学分析其成败得失是“补遗”必不可少的工作。     

第二轮志书编纂应重视部门审稿

第二轮志书的基础资料大多来自行业主管撰稿部门,因此重视撰稿部门的审稿评稿工作,是确保志书真实并具时代特色、地方特色的关键环节。撰稿部门审稿评稿要关注记述的内容是否真实,记述的事物内容是否具有地方特色、时代特色,记述的事物用语是否规范,记述的事物内容是否缺项,记述的事物内容是否涉及国家机密。撰稿部门审稿应防止形式主义走过场,要物色人员组成强有力的审稿班子,明确审稿要求和职责。志书编辑部门要经常主动与撰稿部门联系,部门审稿中可能出现突出部门业绩、夸大或缩小事实的情况,编辑部门要按照方志编纂要求,参考档案资料予以修正,最终的定稿权应在志书的主修部门。     

第二轮修志要重视记述社会群体--试以第二轮《萧山市志》为例

记述社会群体,为以往志界所忽视.改革开放以来,中国社会各阶层结构发生了深刻变化.第二轮修志应当重视记述社会群体,这能更好地体现改革开放的时代特色,更好地发挥志书的存史功能,更好地促使志书从内容到形式的创新.记述社会群体,关键要搞好社会专题调查,要关注社会热点与焦点问题,突出重点,防止记述的交叉重复.     

Marginal Cost Estimates of the Water Resources of the USSR

A water-management regionalization and determination of marginal cost estimates of water resources over the next three decades (to about 2000) outlines a set of priorities for the construction of dams and interbasin diversion projects. The predicted water requirements are based on the assumption that irrigation needs will increase at a moderate rate (30 million hectares by the end of the forecast period). The resulting marginal cost estimates are expected to affect long-term plans for the location of water-intensive activities (irrigation, water transport, thermal power generation, chemicals, pulp and paper) for which water costs may represent 40 to 50 percent of the total cost difference between alternate locations.     

第二轮志书应重视对静态事物的记述

静态事物是发展变化缓慢的事物;记述静态事物是地方志工作的基本要求,是增强志书社会功效的有效途径,是与时俱进的需要,必须注重对静态事物的记述。对静态事物的记述必须做到留心观察、广征博收、科学记述。     

Targeting Research for Poverty Reduction in Marginal Areas of Rural Syria

Agricultural research in marginal dry areas can contribute to reducing poverty through the development of technological, institutional and policy options for poor farmers. Such research should address diversified opportunities and development pathways. This article analyses the diversity of livelihood strategies of rural people living in the Khanasser Valley in northwestern Syria, an area that is typical of marginal drylands. It proposes an operational classification of households based on their different livelihood strategies, applying an integrated methodology within a Sustainable Livelihoods framework. Households are classified into three clusters: agriculturists, labourers and pastoralists. The article examines the diversity of livelihoods involved, and considers where and how research should be directed to have greatest impact on poverty. Given that rural households are not homogeneous but dynamic entities, with diverse assets, capabilities and opportunities, the definition of household typologies can help to target development research. The article concludes that while agriculturists benefit most, poor labourers with enough land can also gain from pro‐poor agricultural research. The poorest households with little land, and pastoralists, benefit little or only indirectly.     

A Methodology for Estimating Returns to Skills for Canadian Provinces and U.S. States

Differences in both regional skill prices and skill mix can explain interregional variations in wage distributions. We control for interregional differences in skill mix that permit us to compute key parameters of regional wage distributions including regional returns to skills. In addition to setting forth the methods in detail, we also present estimates for 48 U.S. states and 10 Canadian provinces. For both males and females, we find that regional mean wages (with controls for skills mix) in the U.S. and Canada are similar, but that the returns to skills are systematically higher in the U.S.     

要重视对13年基本经验的学习运用

党的十六大报告高扬邓小平理论的伟大旗帜,贯穿“三个代表”重要思想,是新世纪新阶段指引我们继续推进改革开放和现代化建设、全面建设小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的马     

Empirical Formulation for Estimating the Fundamental Frequency of Slender Masonry Structures

The fundamental frequency of a structure enables better assessment of its seismic demand for an efficient design and planning of its maintenance and retrofit strategy. The frequency is independent of the type of external loads, however, depends on structural stiffness, mass, damping and boundary conditions. In the case of slender masonry structures such as towers, minarets chimneys, and pagoda temples, it is influenced by mass and stiffness distribution, connection to adjacent structures, material properties, aspect ratio and slenderness ratio. In this present article, the data collected from various literature reviews on the slender masonry structures regarding dynamic, geometrical, and mechanical characteristics have been correlated to identify the major parameters influencing the fundamental frequency of such structures. The database has been used for developing an empirical formulation for predicting the fundamental frequency of such structures. The comparison between the experimental fundamental frequencies and the estimated fundamental frequencies are carried out in order to define reliability and accuracy of these empirical formulae.