中国式现代化道路的时代价值与世界历史意义CSSCI

百余年来,中国的现代化经历了“效法欧美”“走俄国人的路”“中国特色”的道路选择和转换。在中国共产党的领导下,中国人民创造性地开辟了中国式现代化新道路。中国式现代化既克服了资本主义现代化的天生弊端,也破除了阻碍国家和民族发展的一切思想与体制障碍,是独具特色的社会主义现代化,是发展中国家的现代化,是彻底改变世界面貌的超大规模的现代化,创造了人类文明新形态,具有深刻的时代价值和世界历史意义。     

中国改革开放的世界历史意义

正邓小平开启的改革开放不仅为中国社会主义现代化建设提供了强大的实践动力和有力保障,成为决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,具有重大而深远的历史价值。一、中国改革开放发展了马克思主义对社会主义的伟大构想在毛泽东艰辛探索的基础上,邓小平对时代特征和世界格局特别是对其他社会主义国家的成败、发展中国家谋求发展的得失、发达国家发展的态势和矛盾等进行科学分析,发现社会主义制度确立以后仍有三个基本问题不能回避:资本主义与社会主义长期并存的事     

方志资源与西部开发

在新世纪到来之际,党中央根据邓小平同志关于我国实现现代化建设“两个大局”的构想,作出了实施西部开发,加快中西部地区发展的重大战略决策。这一战略决策,对于扩大内需、推动国民经济持续发展,对于促进国内各地区经济协调发展,实现共同富裕,对于加强民族团结、维护社会稳定和巩固边防,都具有重大的现实和深远的历史意义。     

邓小平高等教育思想略论

邓小平高等教育思想是我国高等教育健康发展的重要指针。他提出的高等教育必须面向现代化建设、必须恢复统一的高考招生制度、必须加强高等学校科研和教师队伍建设等观点,对于不断推动我国高等教育的发展,早日跻身于世界高等教育强国之列具有重大而深远的历史意义。     

论1948年苏南冲突的结果--南斯拉夫是如何走上独立道路的?

对于1948年苏南冲突的起因及其结果的考察,无疑在现代国际关系史和国际共产主义运动史的研究中占有特别重要的地位.从某种角度讲,铁托在南斯拉夫所开创的事业对于20世纪后半期发展中国家如何保持独立,如何选择本民族的发展道路,具有启迪意义.本文拟通过对苏南冲突结果的历史考察,回答南斯拉夫究竟是怎样走上独立发展道路的.     

近代以降埃及现代化的探索

作为中东伊斯兰世界具有重要影响力的国家之一,埃及在近代西方的冲击下成为西亚北非地区最早着手现代化的国家,亦是该地现代化程度较高的国家,埃及的现代化进程无疑是伊斯兰世界的一个缩影.本文通过梳理近代以来埃及在政治、经济和社会层面的现代化轨迹,总结其现代化进程所面临诸多挫折困难的原因、教训和启示,有利于我们认识政治民主化、法制化、经济市场化、工业化、社会多元化和公民化等现代化的本质和内涵,为中东地区国家现代化发展进程以及存在的诸多问题方面提供了经验和借鉴.     

论北非文明交往与利比亚城市的历史变迁

本从明交往的角度对利比亚城市的发展进行了历史考察：分析了古典明的扩张对利比亚城市早期发展的影响,伊斯兰明的传播对利比亚伊斯兰城市的兴起以及西方工业明的入侵对利比亚城市现代化所产生的历史作用。利比亚作为世界上多种明的交叉之地,它的城市对于人类明的演进和交往做出了重要贡献。     

旅游开发视角下的古村落文化遗产保护之我见——以榆次后沟古村为例

古村落作为一种物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产,面临着逐渐消亡的严峻挑战.在发展中国家,人民对于现代化的渴望往往强于保护传统文化和传统建筑样式[1].保护资金匮乏、环境压力、公众认知也是旅游开发的古村落文化遗产在新农村建设和现代化过程中,必然会遇到的历史问题.如何因地制宜地保护这些古村落,是面临的历史抉择.     

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界意义

党的十九大报告上,明确了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的历史地位,这是对是对马克思主义原理的传承与发展。因此,科学把握其世界意义,对于中国民族的伟大复兴,建构社会主义现代化强国,具有重要的现实意义。     

对马克思“世界历史”理论的现实解读

马克思的世界历史理论是一个内容十分丰富的科学理论体系,集中反映了马克思主义对近代以来人类历史发展规律的科学认识,在当代仍然具有重要的指导意义。中国改革开放的社会主义现代化建设进程是对马克思世界历史理论的成功运用,随着中国融入世界历史进程的逐步深入,必将实现对马克思世界历史理论的创新发展。     

Australia's foreign policy links with Latin America: distant relations

In more recent years, Australia's relations with the countries of Latin America have taken on more importance as the trade and investment links between the two regions have grown. Besides this recent activity, Australia has a long history of diplomatic relations with the countries of Latin America, even though the links between the two regions have at times been fairly superficial. This relationship, like many others, has tended to concentrate on mainly trade relations and, despite Latin America's often turbulent political history, has not been affected much at all by political issues. The purpose of this article is to analyse the development of foreign policy links between Australia and the countries of Latin America in their formulative stage between 1901 and 1973.     

The Food Resources of the Capitalist World

The author discusses a major research program now under way at the Institute of Geography, covering food production and consumption in the developed industrial nations and in the newly independent countries. Under investigation are ways of expanding food resources in the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America; overcoming the food deficit and reliance on food imports of African countries; and creating a diversified agriculture combining both export crops to finance economic development and food output for domestic consumption.     

The Political Economy of Industrialization: A Comparison of Latin American and East Asian Newly Industrializing Countries

ABSTRACT The paper analyses the industrial performance of two East Asian (South Korea and Taiwan) and three Latin American (Argentina, Brazil and Mexico) newly industrializing countries. It argues that the better performance in East Asia is not due simply to differences in trade orientation or the degree of state intervention, but rather to the effectiveness of intervention. This is explained in terms of the relative autonomy of the state and the structuring of the state apparatus in the two regions. The historically determined class structure and the international context led to much greater state autonomy in East Asia than in Latin America. The last part of the paper shows a number of ways in which this greater relative autonomy has contributed to rapid industrial growth in East Asia in comparison with Latin America.     

Modernization of Costa Rica's Beef Cattle Economy: 1950-1985

Measured in strictly economic terms of profits, diversified exports, hard currency earnings and a more favorable trade balance, Costa Rica's beef cattle economy took a giant step toward modernization between 1950-1985. Unfortunately, this modernization had a minimum of socially desirable and environmentally adaptive components. Costa Rica, like other developing Latin American countries, is learning that economic development frequently entails painful social and ecological costs.     

‘Tailoring the Millions‘; the Women Workers of the Leeds Clothing Industry, 1880–1914

Abstract

This article concerns the ways in which J. &; P. Coats, the major British multinational company manufacturing cotton thread, did business in Latin America before 1945. The company carried out a total of some 21 foreign direct investments in six countries, including Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, exemplary business practice among British contemporaries. The evidence on origins, performance and management, drawn from the company's archives for the first time, begins to fill a long-standing gap in the history of British business in Latin America. To this point, most studies have focused on the tertiary and primary industries. In the light of the extensive business interests of J. &; P. Coats alone, further research may show that the significance and role of British manufacturing companies, seemingly minor actors in Latin American economies, was much greater than has been assumed.     

The transatlantic Muslim diaspora to Latin America in the nineteenth century

Since the 16th century, African Muslims figured prominently among the slave population of the Americas. While the number of Muslims pulled into the trade has always been a matter of speculation, lists of Africans rescued from slave ships provide us with some clues about the size and direction of the Muslim diaspora to Latin America in the 19th century. Based on an analysis of tens of thousands of names recorded in these lists, this essay argues that the majority of Muslim captives leaving Africa departed from Upper Guinea and suggests that Cuba was the center of the forced Muslim diaspora in the Americas. It traces the transatlantic links that connected particular regions of embarkation in Africa to their counterparts in Latin America and considers the implications of those connections for religious and cultural change within 19th-century slave populations. The essay challenges in important ways the colonial/postcolonial divide in Latin American history and uses Islam to pose important questions about the dynamics of social change across slave societies.     

Development,Neoliberalism and Electoral Politics in Latin America

The purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of the current economic crisis on development strategies in Latin America, and the ways in which redefinitions of the notion of development have transformed Latin American politics during the period of democratization. The article examines, specifically, the rise of the neoliberal movement in Latin America and its impact on policy-making, parties and electoral politics. It argues that in spite of the electoral inroads recently made by neoliberal parties, political organizations of the New Right remain weak, either because they are the product of unstable political coalitions with a slim chance of surviving electoral defeat, or because the renewal of populist parties has pre-empted the growth of neoliberal parties.     

Beyond the Washington Consensus? Asia and Latin America in search of more autonomous development

International economic power (the ability to shape rules of global economic conduct) needs to be understood in terms of the interactions between rule‐makers and rule‐takers in the global economy. Attempts to reshape development paradigms through interventions during financial crisis have been highly significant for the domestic political economy of the developing world. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the primary question was how much countries would liberalize in response to financial crisis. Reactions to the crises of the late 1990s in Asia and Latin America were more varied. This article explores domestic political responses to crises in both regions in the 1980s and late 1990s. It argues that countries are finding it increasingly difficult to trump domestic political pressure for change with arguments about technocratic necessity. Popular pressure is pushing governments into new experiments in economic nationalism, not a radical rejection of global economic integration, but a reshaping of relationships in an attempt to secure national interests and, in some cases, to devote more resources to welfare. Experiments to date are modest, but could presage more significant change in the future.     

Mercosur: A Failing Development Project?

Latin America is a developing region. Although it is different from other such regions it shares with them ‘the challenge of change’, particularly as a result of globalization. Its response has been to embrace democracy, neoliberal restructuring and ‘new (open) regionalism’. The ‘Common Market of the South’—Mercosur—was an important regional initiative involving Argentina and Brazil, and included in its various aims was the acceleration of ‘economic development with social justice’. This article explores to what extent development aims have been achieved and whether Mercosur is little more than a loose confederation of states unable to build institutional structures that could help development. To what extent is this the result of traditions that have entrenched elites and prevented a more egalitarian approach? Has the law generally failed its citizens? Or does it have a place in development? The article begins by briefly considering the concept of ‘development’ and seeks to place Latin America within the ‘developmental framework’ and questions whether there is a distinct Latin American development tradition. Within that tradition, and in the context of the ‘inter‐American system’ and globalization, the development of Mercosur is assessed both in terms of institution building and legal traditions. Finally, some preliminary conclusions are drawn about Mercosur's future and the extent to which institutional and other constraints have contributed to Mercosur falling short of its devleopmental potential.     

A Report on Historical Archaeology Publications in Latin America

Historical archaeology is today widely practiced in Latin America. Scholars not living or working in the region often are unaware of the research conducted in the countries south of the United States. This brief report outlines some of the historical archaeology conducted in Latin America and provides a brief bibliography.