A Healed Wound Caused by a Flint Arrowhead in a Neolithic Human Innominate from the Trou Rosette (Furfooz,Belgium)

A new case is described here of a wound caused by a flint arrowhead in the neolithic period. The specimen comes from a collective burial excavated last century in the cave Trou Rosette (Belgium). It consists of a fragment of left adult ilium. The fragment of arrowhead is located in a rounded cavity which is open in the medial surface of the bone. The CT scan and the artefact study allow us to reconstruct the scenario of the accident. The arrow pierced the musculus gluteus of the individual prior fixing in the iliac blade. The arrow tip broke at the moment of impact; its tang broke either at the moment of impact or during attempts to extract the arrow.     

Food for eternity? The analysis of a date offering from a 3rd millennium BC grave at Hili N,Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)

Ever since the early 3rd millennium BC the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) has played an important role in eastern Arabia where its remains, in the form of seeds, fruits and stem fragments, are preserved on numerous archaeological sites. The recent discovery of a carbonised mass of pitted dates in a collective burial pit from the end of the Umm an-Nar period (ca. 2200–2000 BC) at Hili (United Arab Emirates) constitutes the earliest example of a food preparation involving this species. The present paper describes the discovery and identification of this unique offering before addressing the question of its significance in a funeral context in Bronze Age Arabia.     

两周葬玉及葬玉制度之考古学研究

两周,尤其西周时期是两汉时期成熟葬玉制度的肇始,也是中国葬玉制度发展最为重要的时期之一.多元化的葬玉制度在战国时期逐渐走向统一,为两汉葬玉制度莫定了坚实的基础.本文即从两周出土的葬玉种类及玉器出土位置等情况入手,分析总结这一时期葬玉与葬玉制度情况.     

三国时期墓葬特征述论

三国时期墓葬制度是从"汉制"向"晋制"的转变过渡时期。这一时期墓葬形制同东汉时期相比有较大的改变,突出表现在曹魏和东吴地区。随葬器物组合方面基本沿用东汉晚期,但又出现了一些新器型。此外各区域间的墓葬文化表现出频繁交流的特点。综合以上诸要素可知"晋制"的形成主要源自于中原地区的曹魏墓葬,突出表现在墓葬形制和葬俗方面,同时东吴墓葬中的随葬品种类亦被中原地区所接纳,成为西晋墓中典型的器物组合。     

西汉诸侯王墓敛葬玉衣及相关问题

西汉诸侯王死后使用玉衣敛葬是其身份地位的体现,也反映出保护尸身,以求不朽和追求升仙的丧葬思想.综合考察,西汉诸侯王墓的敛葬玉衣具有继承和发展特点,并日趋完善.西汉诸侯王墓使用敛葬玉衣具有相对严格的制度,异姓诸侯王及谋反的同姓王一般不用玉衣敛葬,而使用者的分级制度也在西汉中期逐渐确立,这与以往的认识有所不同.与敛葬玉衣相配套,西汉诸侯王墓还使用其他一些敛葬用玉,但基本是以玉衣为主,其他为辅的使用原则.     

A Case of Osteosarcoma in a Late Medieval–Early Modern Skull from Kyjov (Czech Republic)

After the reconstruction of the original parish church of the Moravian town of Kyjov in the latter part of the seventeenth century, human skeletal remains from the disturbed graves of the surrounding cemetery were gathered in a vault which was partially excavated in 1994. Among disarticulated bones of at least 106 individuals, a fragmented skull of a young male was found, with a massive outgrowth of bone on the right parietal, originally continuing fluently on the non-preserved frontal scale, on edges lifting the outer lamina. The inner lamina was covered less intensively by the bony growth. Radiography and CT scans showed a non-homogeneous structure, the inside being irregular and the outside granulated or radially striated. A metastatic lytic focus was detected in the same bone. Histology and SEM examination showed an uneven mineralization of the bone tissue, consisting of rough, thickened and irregularly spaced trabeculae, with cellular remains or mineralized matrix on the surface. The differential diagnosis took meningioma into consideration but the most probable diagnosis was osteogenic sarcoma, which is still infrequent in the palaeopathological record from the Old World and its localization in the cranial vault is very rare. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

徐州狮子山楚王陵墓主身份及其相关问题的初步研究

作为1995年中国十大考古发现之一的徐州狮子山楚王陵自发掘出土以来,其宏伟的规模,奇特的葬制以及出土的大量精美文物都引起了学术界的广泛关注,但由于此墓年代久远且早年遭到盗扰,其墓主身份也随学者研究角度的不同而产生了多种学说,其中牵扯到的楚王从二代到五代不等,时间跨度长达57年。就目前而言,第三代楚王刘戊为墓主说法较为盛行,但笔者从葬制、礼仪、出土文物及与相关墓葬的关系等方面综合研究后认为:以第二代楚王刘郢(《汉书》作刘郢客)为墓主更为合理。同时,在本文中作者还将对其他三种观点一一进行辨析,并就与此墓及墓主身份的有联系的相关问题,试做初步的探讨。     

拊葬墓与古代家庭

在以血缘为纽带的社会组织中,其成员死后的埋葬方式直接与家庭、家族和宗族相联系。“袝葬”现象揭示了以家庭为核心的生产关系和生活方式。拊葬墓是以一人为主,其他人从属,多人共用一墓的墓葬。考古学研究中墓室的多少常常与墓主人的身份、等级联系在一起。但袝葬现象直接表现在墓葬形制特征上,是墓葬类型的一种特殊形式,因袝葬需要出现的多室墓并非是墓主人身份的象征,不能作为判别墓葬等级的标准。汉代的袝葬墓一般不改变流行的墓葬形制,而是改变某些空间的功能,西晋以后袝葬墓影响到墓葬形制的改变。拊葬墓的流行,是因为社会组织中血缘关系密切的家庭的地位增强,土地所有制、生产经营和财产关系发生了变化。     

吉林农安左家山遗址2015年出土动物骨骼遗存研究

左家山遗址位于吉林省农安县高家屯村西南500 m处。2015年因河水侵蚀,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心等单位对其进行了抢救性考古发掘,出土了猪、狗、羊、马等动物骨骼。通过对出土动物遗存的鉴定与研究,发现新石器时代左家山遗址为一处夏秋季节性居址,先民的生业模式以狩猎、捕捞和采集为主,同时饲养少量家畜。辽金时期该地区被称为“黄龙府”,通过对墓葬内出土动物遗存的分析,推测其与少数民族的“烧饭祭”“殉羊”“殉犬护送灵魂”“头蹄葬”等丧葬习俗密切相关,这为辽金时期北方少数民族文化的交流与融合提供了重要证据;随葬动物种属也在一定程度上反映了当时伊通河流域少数民族的生业模式为农牧结合,且伴有少量的渔猎活动。     

从困境到理性：村落遗产旅游中的自组织研究——以龙脊平安寨为例

在村落遗产旅游发展中,村民易陷入集体行动的困境。本文以龙脊平安寨为典型案例,分析其遗产旅游从集体行动的“困境”到“理性”从而实现自组织的治理过程。结合公共池塘资源治理与自组织理论,本文提出,自组织整合社区资源,形成了集体的理性,其内发性、参与式发展可以有效地治理村落遗产旅游的公共事务,从而实现村落遗产旅游的可持续发展。     

明代郑韩两座藩王墓遗存的调查

2018年12月和2019年1月,笔者对河南沁阳明代郑藩某王墓、甘肃泾川明韩恭王墓的墓室残体进行了简单的测绘,这两座墓虽然均已残毁,但墓室主体部分尚存,分别代表了明代不同藩府、不同年代、不同特征的王墓形态,对于明代墓葬考古学研究具重要价值。     

近世浙江丧葬习俗的区域特征及地域差异

本文以历代地方志及现代民俗学调查报告为基础,并结合其它相关历史文献资料,对近世时期流行于浙江地区的土葬、火葬、二次葬、潮魂葬等丧葬习俗的区域特征及地域差异,作了简要的介绍及总结,在此基础上对制约浙江地区丧葬习俗地域差异的因素进行了分析、阐述。