医治俄国社会弊病的良方何在？——读赵士国《历史的选择，选择的历史：近代晚期俄国革命与改革研究》

十月革命是人类历史上伟大的事件,开辟了从资本主义到社会主义的新时代。由于触犯了地主、资本家的利益,一开始就遭到痛骂和讨伐。苏联解体后,在俄罗斯十月革命节取消了。十月革命没有正式的名字,变成“十月政变”、“变革”,甚至与“叛乱”相提并论。在我国也不乏否定十月革命的论调。     

观念与社会:女子小脚的美丑与近代中国的两个世界

近代中国缠足与反缠足两种观念曾长期竞争,至少到２０世纪３０年代,小脚美的观念在民间仍广泛存在,而天足女性及其家庭则往往受到社会的歧视。这样的观念有力地影响到女性在婚姻方面的选择能力和选择范围,由于近代社会变动导致从价值取向到生存竞争方式都有较大的差异的“两个世界”的存在,多数有能受教育的女性很难享受与“新世界”相伴随的社会待遇,缠足实际成为保障她们婚姻成功的一个基本条件;这样的社会因素又以过来强化     

军事革命与欧洲在全球范围的崛起

由于异常激烈的生存竞争和有利于革新的思想文化背景,当世界其它地区军事上还在缓慢发展时,欧洲在14—17世纪发生了一系列军事革命,其军队在陆地和海上的作战能力得到了稳步提高。这使欧洲人在与世界其它地区的对抗中逐渐取得了越来越明显的军事优势。尽管欧洲的崛起是由政治、经济、军事、文化及社会等各个领域的许多复杂因素相互作用共同促成的,但在多数情况下军事优势是其征服过程中必不可少的条件。     

Orality in Medieval and Modern Greek Poetry: Introduction

Abstract

A colloquium under the above title was held in Oxford on May 12–13, 1989, under the auspices of the British association of university teachers of Modern Greek studies known as SCOMGIU (Standing Committee on Modern Greek in the Universities). The following articles represent a selection of the papers given at this colloquium, some printed with minimal alterations (thus preserving some traces of their oral performance) and others extensively rewritten.     

引进与变革:近代中国票据专营机构述论

近代中国一共设立了3个票据专营机构,它们均未完全照搬西方模式,而是对其进行了不同程度的制度变革.蚌埠贴现公所明显不同于国外同类机构,上海银行票据承兑所的“中国特色”十分显著,重庆联合票据承兑所也具有亦中亦西的特征,这显然是为了适应当时的国情和商情不得不进行必要的变通和改造,因而会产生“基因突变”.这种结合实际进行制度变革的理念对今天的票据市场建设仍有一定的借鉴和启示作用.     

Tocqueville: Democratic Politics and the Modern Soul. Introduction

Abstract

This paper explores Prince Hal's relationships with his great friend Falstaff and his great enemy Hotspur, who dominate the young prince's life as he prepares to rule England and conquer France. Hotspur and Falstaff could not be more different, and seem deliberately drawn by Shakespeare to represent distinctive and opposing points of view: Hotspur is an honor-loving and courageous warrior who covets danger and fame, Falstaff a selfish and dishonorable rationalist who has no regard for danger or fame. I will argue that the lessons Hal learns from Hotspur and Falstaff, especially concerning honor, are the key to his stunning political success. While Hal seems to stand somewhere between these two extremes, and so might be characterized as moderately attached to honor, I will question this conclusion and suggest another.