Determinants of Trade Orientation in Less Developed Countries

The success of East Asian Newly Industrializing Countries often has been attributed to their outward-oriented trade strategies. Cross-national analysis of trade orientation reveals that the degree of export-oriented industrialization (measured as manufacturing exports as a percentage of gross domestic product) is associated closely with relative factor endowments. While Singapore and Taiwan are more outward oriented than expected by the cross-national norm, Hong Kong is less outward oriented than expected.     

中华天文星象学在北方民族中的传播与发展--北魏、辽、西夏和吐鲁番天文星象图的比较研究

中华北方民族在7000年前就已绘制天文星象图,并以众星组成的图象为观象授时的标志物,以之为认识宇宙星空的思维模式;后这种天文星象多发现于北方民族的墓葬壁画或穹隆顶上,表现为一种小宇宙意识和宗教感情.辽金西夏以来,在中国天官体系确立之后吸纳古巴比伦、印度文化,形成以中国传统的二十八宿与黄道十二宫交融的文化发展趋势;星象图出现了写本、绢画等经典化的新形式,表现了中华北方民族文化的开放性、容纳性诸特点,形成北方民族的天文星象学系统,对中华文化的多元一体格局的形成起到推动作用.     

Public Opinion and Policymaking in the States: The Case of Post-Roe Abortion Policy

Whether public opinion should be expected to play a role in the shaping of abortion legislation in the states is a debatable question. Representation is a difficult task, especially if legislators receive mixed cues from the public, activists, and the political parties. In this study, we find that grass-roots activism and public opinion tend to match, and both are reflected in state abortion policy. In addition, more Pro-Life policies are found in states with a tradition of conservative policies in other areas, Republican majorities in the state legislature, more Catholic residents, and fewer women legislators. These patterns hold true for a composite index of abortion policies and for the specific policy area of government funding of abortions. Slightly different patterns occur for parental consent laws, though these statutes also tend to reflect general preferences on abortion and interest group activity in a state.     

The Determinants of Public Policy: What Matters and How Much

This article is a research synthesis addressing four questions critical to our understanding of the determinants of public policy. How often and how strongly do hypothetical determinants of policy—public opinion, interest groups, the party balance, and other factors—actually influence policy? Do some hypothetical determinants of policy have more influence than others? Does the way we measure policy affect our ability to explain it? And is there a connection between how strongly particular variables affect policy, and how much effort we devote to studying them? It turns out that variables hypothesized to influence policy more often than not have no effect. When variables do affect policy, researchers very seldom say anything about how much impact they have. Variables that convey the most information to policymakers about what the public wants have a greater impact than other variables, but it is less clear how the measurement of policy affects our findings. Researchers pay much attention to hypothetical determinants of policy unlikely to matter very much, and little attention to those likely to be the most important. Implications for future research are considered.     

Discourse, Party, and Policy: The Case of Abortion, 1965–1972

The parameters of the contemporary abortion debate were established in the pre-Roe period between 1965 and 1972, when groups and forces on the state and manual level competed to redefine the issue in order to pass new policies regulating it. This article traces the abortion politics of New York and Pennsylvania, the two states that led the nation in creating abortion policies before Roe, by looking at the relationship between the discourses created by various groups, the agree of party support they received, and the disparate policies that each state pawed as a result.     

试谈北方民族的丧葬类型

生活在不同历史时期的北方各民族 ,其丧葬形式极具特色。这也是不同社会发展阶段、不同生活环境与生产方式的反映 ,从中体现了一个民族的信仰与习惯。同时 ,由于各民族间的相互影响 ,在丧俗上也有一定的共性。