六朝青瓷中的宗教信仰

人与动物的最根本的区别在于人类能够通过运用自己的大脑思维和灵活的双手,创造出能满足自身各种需要的物质产品和精神产品,同时,在这些物品上烙下深刻的思想印记。本将通过对六朝青瓷造型和装饰题材的分析,揭示六朝青瓷所隐含的史前原始宗教巫术、道教和佛教信仰等思想内客。     

试论元朝宗教状况与道释画之嬗变

在元代短短几十年中,道教经历了一个大盛大衰的过程,中土本有的佛教也为藏传佛教所压制,中国画在这一时期则体现出比以往更多的文人气质。本文叙述了元代的宗教状况与宗教政策的关系,以及道释画在这一背景下所呈现出的不同面貌。     

从《世说新语》与《晋书》对东晋道佛二教的不同书写论曲笔

《晋书》与《世说新语》是研究东晋历史的重要历史文献。东晋道佛二教并盛,而《晋书》与《世说新语》各有侧重。《世说新语》崇佛抑道,《晋书》崇道抑佛,其直接原因在于其书写者心目中二教有优劣之分。其淡化或湮没的一方,可以命名为"第二教"。这是另一种"曲笔"。这种现象存在的深层背景在于传统书写中独立的史料意识的缺失,而独立的史料意识是中国古代史学向现代转型的首重之事。正视第二教缺席的现象,也能给历史研究诸多有益的启示。     

藏传佛教的社会功能

藏传佛教是源自印度的佛教传入以后与当地原始苯教斗争融合产生的。由于藏区特殊的自然环境和文化背景,形成了独特的价值体系和以活佛转世、政教合一等为特征的宗教体系。这些特征与藏族全民信教的社会现实交织在一起,使藏传佛教在藏区社会表现出巨大的社会整合功能,并以不同的形式表现出来。     

吐蕃占领时期的敦煌宗教文明

在李唐王朝处于平定安史之乱时期 ,吐蕃乘机占领了河西北广大地区达七十多年。在此期间 ,敦煌呈现出佛教、景教、摩尼教、苯教、祆教多种宗教共存的局面。本文援引大量文献资料 ,对上述宗教的基本状况及相互关系作了论述     

论五四新文化运动时期的“自觉”思潮

“自觉”是五四新化运动的一个重要方面。在这之前,由于政治上的原因,“自觉”问题已被普遍关注,其中最有代表性的就是“爱国心”与“自觉心”的讨论。五四新化运动的自觉思潮,直承爱国心与自觉心的讨论而来。但其内容已有深化,它所关注的重心是“青年之自觉”。所谓“青年之自觉”包括三个层次的意思,即青年对于国家之自觉,青年对于社会之自觉,青年对于个人之自觉。五四新化运动所主张的“青年之自觉”,一方面从西方浪漫主义思潮中吸取了灵感,另一方面也受到了儒家“心学”传统,特别是王阳明思想的影响。     

Cooptation of ENGOs or Treadmill of Production? Advocacy Coalitions and Climate Change Policy in Finland

Corporatist Nordic welfare states are largely thought to have exemplary environmental policies. Finland, however, was labeled “a failing ecostate” by a recent study owing to its weak climate change policy. Why is Finland different? We use data from a survey of organizations belonging to the Finnish climate change policy network to investigate two alternative explanations related to policy networks. According to the Cooptation Thesis, inclusive corporatist polities, where environmental NGOs (ENGOs) have support from and access to the state, formulate less ambitious policies because environmentalists moderate their views to secure state funding and political access. Second, according to the Treadmill of Production Theory, the decisive feature of Nordic corporatism with regard to environmental policy is the tripartite system linking business interests, labor unions, and the state in a coalition that prioritizes economic over ecological values. The results indicate that the ENGO Coalition is the least influential, least resourceful, smallest, least linked to the others, and not particularly moderate. The Treadmill Coalition is the most influential, most resourceful, second largest, well linked to the state, and least ecological in its beliefs. Thus, of the two policy network explanations, the dominance of the Treadmill Coalition rather than cooptation of ENGOs gets support.     

上海市浦东新区土地利用与适度人口规模研究

上海市浦东新区的土地利用结构与人口分布在不同地域空间差异很大。本文通过与国内外人均建设用地及用地结构的比较,分析和探讨了中长期发展中,浦东新区合理的土地利用结构和人均建设用地。本文通过不同类型区建设用地总有效供给量与人均建设用地指标值之比,求出目标期内浦东新区不同类型区的适度人口规模,提出了高、中、低三个预期方案。文章结尾部分提出了在现状基础上,实现合理土地人口承载规模的建设用地结构及布局的调整和优化方案。     

1959-1966年上海青年“红旗读书运动”研究

上海青年“红旗读书运动”是全面建设社会主义时期加强青年思想政治教育的一次重要实践,对确立马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位具有重要意义。这场读书活动以青年为对象,持续时间长达七年之久,从最初广大青年积极参与,到因国民经济困难而受到影响,再到结合毛泽东著作出版掀起高潮,形成了以党委为核心,共青团、工会等团体密切协作的领导机制,同时建立起多层级的指导委员会,通过思想动员、组织动员以及典型引导的动员机制,加强对青年的思想引领。“红旗读书运动”为党开展思想政治工作积累了丰富经验,对新时代加强青年培养提供了现实启示。     

国史学理论问题研究述评

中华人民共和国史(以下简称国史)是指1949年中华人民共和国成立后的历史。国史是改革开放后逐渐形成的一门新兴学科,也是整个史学领域中最年轻、最有活力和最有发展前途的学科之一。国史研究随着我国历史本身的发展而不断发展,国史研究的重要性也被越来越多的史学工作者所关注。     

孙中山与佛教

孙中山尽管对佛教没有作过专门的研究,但他对佛教传播和发展的历史、佛教的教义、佛教的功用等有相当的了解,他从佛教中获得了一些有助于国民革命的启发,对佛教"灵境"也有亲身的感受.孙中山在处理有关佛教事务时,采取了较为谨慎的态度,不仅在法律上确立佛教的平等地位,而且积极支持佛教的革新和佛教团体的建立,对蒙藏活佛、寺产等佛教事务的处理,提出了较为稳妥的办法.孙中山对佛教的认同和对佛教事务的妥善处理,赢得了广大佛教徒的尊敬和爱戴.生前,佛教徒给了孙中山以有力支持;死后,佛教徒给了孙中山及其三民主义以高度评价.     

中华人民共和国史研究的现状

20世纪80年代初以来,中华人民共和国史研究逐渐在学术界兴起,经过近30年的努力取得了引人瞩目的成果:建立了正式的研究机构和学术团体,形成了具有一定规模的研究队伍;编辑出版了大量档案文献,为学术研究提供了有利条件;发表或出版了大量研究成果,推进了学术研究的深入发展;纳入了国民教育体系,为学术研究的持续发展培养了一批专门人才。今后需要进一步明确学科定位,拓宽研究视野,加强学科建设,挖掘档案文献。     

Knowledge,Morality and ‘Kastom’: SikAIDS among Young Yupno People,Finisterre Range,Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the extent of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among young Yupno women and men. Local understanding of sikAIDS is shaped by cultural, moral and religious concepts and processes that are based on social values and practices. Difficulties these young people face in accessing information about HIV/AIDS and using it to implement preventative measures — for example by obtaining condoms — have to be seen in the framework of ‘kastom’ and a moral discourse coined and influenced by the Lutheran Church. As the research shows, there is an urgent need for a broad and contextually sensitive approach to sexual health, including information about conception, family planning methods, and sexually transmitted diseases when planning awareness campaigns for teenagers in rural regions.     

Mapping the New Deal: local disparities in the performance of Welfare-to-Work

In recent years, following the lead of the US, several OECD countries have introduced 'workfare' policies that link receipt of unemployment and related social benefits to compulsory participation on state-administered work and training schemes. The UK's New Deal (Welfare-to-Work) for Young People is one of the largest and most developed of these workfare programmes. Official evaluations of the UK's New Deal for Young People claim that it has been a national success, but overlook local variations in its results. This paper uses the Government's own performance measures, data on local unemployment flows, numbers of New Deal participants recycled through the scheme as second starts, and interviews with both local policy managers and participants, to demonstrate that these local variations have been substantial. These different indicators suggest that the programme has been noticeably less effective in many inner urban and depressed industrial labour markets. In such areas the 'recycling and churning' of participants through the programme are more significant, and suggest that local labour market structures play a significant role in shaping policy outcomes. The paper argues that recent additions to the New Deal to improve job search and matching fail to address this local variation, and that a longer-term approach is required that seeks to improve not only the employability of individuals, but also the local employment opportunities open to them. One key implication is clear: that local labour market conditions can exert a significant influence on the outcomes of national workfare type policies, not only in terms of geographical variations in the problem to be solved, but also in shaping and constraining the local nature of policy outcomes.     

解析上海出土文物中的藏传佛教因素

元代以来,藏传佛教广泛在西藏以外地区传播,带来了独特的宗教理念和宗教艺术。江南地区寺塔林立,在上海佛塔"天宫"、"地宫"出土的佛教文物中,诸多藏传佛教文化元素,从较早的元代一直延续到清代。这些文物是藏传佛教在江南地区传播的实证,对其性质的分析研究,可以了解元明清时期汉藏文化的融合方式和特点。     

Statisticians,economists and the ‘new economic order’ in wartime Italy (1940–1943)

From 1940 to 1943, Italian economists and statisticians were actively engaged in discussions that ranged from immediate concerns about war economy to more speculative issues that can be summarized under the then-fashionable label of the ‘new economic order’. The purpose of this article is to offer an overview of these debates by focusing, on the one hand, on the related themes of autarky, the new ‘Mediterranean order’ and postwar supranational economic complexes, and, on the other hand, on those of corporatism and economic planning. Both the idea of an economic plan and that of an organized division of labor among countries within a politically defined large economic space clashed directly with views associated with the tenets of economic liberalism, also dear to many Italian economists. On each theme, positions taken may be connected to expectations regarding the postwar world. Special attention will be given to various statistical devices and arguments put forward by protagonists to sustain their views or implement their projects.     

鲁迅与佛教文化

作为现代文化中最为决绝与激烈的反叛者的鲁迅,因为自小与佛教文化的因缘让他与佛教文化有着极为密切的联系。这种联系具体表现在他对佛陀人格的整合、对悲智双运情怀的认同、对虚无与死亡主题的表达以及对于佛教文化弊端的觉察等等方面。