论端木蕻良小说的浪漫主义

满族作家端木蕻良的小说具有强烈的浪漫主义色彩,艾青称其为“科尔沁草原的诗人”,巴人称其为“拜伦式的诗人”。他的小说具有强烈的主观性和自我表现的因素,把外在的写实与内在的抒情结合起来．常常是对情感的表达大于对时间的叙说。他的小说浪漫主义特征还表现在自我形象走进作品方面、刻画神秘气氛及传奇式浪漫英雄方面、对自然的超越现实的崇拜方面等等。他的小说在形式上追求独特性,其结构更为自由与大胆。小说语言也奔放而恣肆,这使得他的小说浪漫主义气息更加浓重。不过,端木蕻良小说的浪漫主义是以现实主义为底色的,这正是他的小说具有独特风格的根本原因。     

试论赫尔德浪漫主义历史哲学思想

赫尔德是近代西方史学发展史上承前启后的历史学家,他身上兼有启蒙与浪漫的双重因素,这使他成为思想领域的集大成者。他开创了浪漫主义的历史新观念。他的“历史的有机体“的观点,是在批判地继承和吸收启蒙运动思想家和自然科学发展新成果的基础上形成的。他对历史发展的个体性、多样性、内在性、连续性和整体性的论述,他理解历史的“移情“方法,对浪漫主义历史学和后来的史学发展都产生了重要而深远的影响。     

论木鱼书《花笺记》的伦理教化思想

中国传统文化强调儒道互补,而以儒家思想为主。儒家思想又富于浓厚的道德色彩,信奉的是伦理中心主义,因此伴随着儒家思想影响力的不断扩大,中国文化中一切精神层面的东西都蒙上了伦理的色彩,文学当然也不例外。以中国古代较早传入西方并引起很大反响的文学作品为例,如《好逑传》,之所以能得到歌德的好评,就是因为它以才子佳人的故事演绎了儒家“发乎情而止乎礼”的思想,富有东方道德的浪漫色彩。而《赵氏孤儿》除了与西方文学相类似的“复仇”主题外,其中蕴含的“忠”、“义”观念也成为西方人了解中国文化的一面镜子。我们因为深深浸淫于儒…     

"入世"后的德治与法治应用问题初探

我国“入世”后,已进入到东西方道德交叉、世界法律与中国法律如何共存的实践中。笔认为,我国的德治与法治应用,必须坚持以本国的国情、利益和原则为前提,借鉴西方道德、法治适用之处,以提升我国德治的高品味、法治的科学化程度。     

评何炳松对西方史学理论和方法论的译介

何炳松是较早倡导西方史学理论和方法论的学者。他率先将美国鲁滨逊的“新史学”理论和方法论向国人作较为全面系统的介绍 ,又结合中国传统史学理论 ,对西方史学中的史学学科理论进行译介和阐释 ;在使西方史学和民族史学相结合方面作出了种种努力。但他未能完全熔铸成自己新的学理 ,其学术思想中西方史学理论部分和中国传统史学理论部分仍处于脱节状态     

试论道德法律化和法律道德化

简单的理论准备:道德和法律的异同道德的逻辑基点是对人性的信任,以人性本善的假设作为自己的前提;以利他主义为核心原则,强调人的义务与责任;以自律为发挥作用的主要形式,强调人格的健全和完善;是社会成员为自身规定的行为之“应当”,体现着“自由选择”,往往具有多层次性。法律的逻辑基点是对人性的不信任,以人性本恶的假设作为自己的前提;以不得侵害他人为原则,以维护法定权利为主旨;以他律为发挥作用的主要形式,强调社会的有序与和谐;是国家对其社会成员所提出的“必须”的行为规定,体现着“普遍要求”,具有普遍性特征。道德和法律异中…     

一周人物

香港艺人杜汶泽5月25日在个人专栏突然宣布“暂别香港”,他在暂别之言中说,到现在这个年代,如果当中需要做一些他个人认为接受不了的事,他还是会选择忠于自己,还说“赚再多的钱,也买不到自己”。     

我们仅仅是“农民”

关于费孝通的《乡土中国》与黄平的《乡土中国与文化自觉》,也许有人仅仅看到了学术专家对“乡土”、“文化”与“自觉”等字眼的咬文嚼字,却没有穷其背后所隐藏的对于中国这样一个泱泱大国,一个一向以自给自足傲视世界的民族在面对全球化浪潮的冲击时,所面临的道德失衡与文化危机的思考。“切实做到把中国文化里面好的东西提炼出来,应用在现实中去,在和西方世界保持接触、进行交流的过程中,把我们文化中好的东西提炼出来,应用到现实中去,在和西方世界保     

阎锡山的用人之道（四）

六、网罗人才赏罚分明做官,执政,非有一批德才兼备的干部不可。要发挥他们的作用,使之忠于自己的事业,阎锡山认为,须“待人以君子”,“接人须礼貌”。首先,他把革命看作头等大事,他要为革命罗致头等人才,而且认为“只有头等主张才能网罗头等人才”。我们且看他在几个关键时刻是     

如何让新闻道德靠近“三百五”

在目前的起点上,来谈回归新闻的法治和道德的路径,只能称为“遥望” 7月中旬在中国举行的中欧社会论坛第三届年会,分设了新闻媒体组,讨论的议题包括“新闻的困境”。中西方的媒体人坐一起讨论这样的题目,真是各怀心思,没有共同的话题。西方与会者心中的困境,首要是自己的问题,例如,“记者的偏见”。而中方同行苦大仇深的问题,在西方要么不存在,要么不是主要的问题。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.