Nazi Leaders,Members, and Voters

ALBERT HOURANI. The Emergence of the Modern Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. Pp. 263. $30 (US); ELIE KEDOURIE, Islam in the Modern World and Other Studies. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980. Pp. 332. $17.95 (US).     

Bridging the Unbridgeable in the History of the Middle East: The Arab and the Raj; Paul Rich

Rosemarie Said Zahlan , The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Efraim Karsh and Inari Karsh , Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: J. Gilchrist : The Church and Ecnomic Activity in the Middle Ages Cchistopher Haigh : The Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace Patrick Collinson : The Elizabethan Puritan Movement Judith Binney : The Legacy of Guilt. A Life of Thomas Kendall E. R. Norman : Anti-Catholicism in Victorian England John N. Molony : The Roman Mould of the Australian Catholic Church John Tracy Ellis : Essays in Seminary Education William V. Spanos : The Christian Tradition in Modern British Verse Drama: The Poetics of Sacramental Time Emilio Willems : Followers of the New Faith: Culture Change and the Rise of Protestantism in Brazil and Chile A. J. Arberry (Ed.): Religion in the Middle East. Three Religions in Concord and Conflict     

The Permeability of the Middle East: The Predicament of Regional and Global Forces: a Review Easy

Book reviewed in this article: Persistent Permeability? regionalism, localism, and globalization in the Middle East: by Bassel F. Salloukh and Rex Brynen, eds. A History of the Modern Middle East: by William L. Cleveland Middle East at the Crossroads: the Changing Political Dynamics and the Foreign Policy Challenges: by Manochehr Dorraj, ed. Conflict and Peace in the Middle East: National Perceptions and United States‐Jordan Relations: by Hatem Shareef Abu‐Lebdeh Nation‐Building: A Middle East Recovery Program: by Jerry M. Rosenberg     

Gender,Colonialism and Citizenship in the Modern Middle East

Books reviewed in this article: Selma Botman, Engendering Citizenship in Egypt Margaret L. Meriwether and Judith E. Tucker (eds), A Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East Elizabeth Thompson, Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: P. H. Cullum and Katherine J. Lewis (eds), Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages Laura Gowing, Common Bodies: Women, Touch and Power in Seventeenth‐Century England Joan DeJean, The Reinvention of Obscenity: Sex, Lies, and Tabloids in Early Modern France Susan Broomhall, Women and the Book Trade in Sixteenth‐Century France     

Book reviews

Women in the Muslim World. Edited by Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1978. 698 pp. $30.00.

Iran: Monarchy, Bureaucracy and Reform under the Qajars: 1858–1896. By Shaul Bakhash. London: Ithaca Press (St. Anthony's Middle East Monographs, No. 8), 1978. £7.50.

Iran: The Illusion of power. By Robert Graham. London: Croom Helm, 1978. 228 pp. £7.95.

An Anthology of Modern Persian Poetry. Selected and translated with an introduction by Ahmad Karimi‐Hakkak. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1978 (Bibliotheca Persica: Modern Persian Literature Series, Number 1), xvii + 203 pp. $15.

Entrepreneurs of Iran. By Mohammad Reza Vaghefi. Palo Alto, Calif.: The Altoan Press, 1976. 196pp.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Review in this Articles Creative Imagination in the Sūfism of Ibn 'Arabi By Henry Corbin Translated from the French by Ralph Manheim. The Theology of Unity. By Muhammad ^cAbduh, translated from the Arabic by Ishãq Musa^Cad and Kenneth Cragg. London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd, 1966. 164 pp. Arabic Literature. By I. M. Filshtinsky La littérature arabe. By André Miquel. Qaid-E-Azam Jinnah as I Knew Him. By M. A. H. Ispahani Karachi The Youth of Haouch el Harimi, a Lebanese Village. By Judith R Williams The United States and the Arab World By William R Pok The British in the Middle East. By Sarah Searight A Middle East Reader. Edited by Irene L. Gendzier. Middle East: Past and Present. By Yahya Armajani. The Formation of the Soviet Central Asian Republics. By R. Vaidyanath. Iranian-American Diplomacy. By Mehdi Heravi. A Bibliography of A.U.B. Faculty Publications 1866–1966. Compiled and edited by Suha Tamim. L'arabe classique: Esquisse d'une structure linguistique. By Henri Fleisch S. J. Beyrouth Political Systems of the Middle East in the 30th Century. By W. F. Ab-boushi. Etudes Arabes: Feuilles de Travail. Rome: Institut Pontifical d'Etudes Arak.     

From Idealism to Pragmatism: An Analysis of China's Policies toward the Middle East

After World War II, the Middle East stage attracted Beijing's attention. While Israel and China proved at that time to be too diverse, through the 1950s China made inroads with Arab countries. Egypt became the first to recognize the P.R.C., which, however, suffered rebuffs as anti-Communist forces generally prevailed in the Middle East. Beijing supported the people of Palestine. After the Soviet Union had become China's enemy, China tried to unite the Third World against the two superpowers. With Deng in 1978, China's Middle Eastern policy became more pragmatic, tilting toward the developed countries and economic cooperation rather than ideology (e.g., with Yemen). China enhanced relations with Gulf states; cooperated with the United States in supporting the Afghan mujahedin; and declared neutrality in the Iran-Iraq War, although economic alliance with Iran grew. The Gulf War affected Beijing's attitudes toward weapons technology and toward the United Nations and China's role in it. Israel is currently viewed as a channel for possible influence with the West. Overall, China's basic policy now is to watch and wait.     

Clay Tobacco Pipes and Coffee Cup Sherds in the Archaeology of the Middle East: Artifacts of Social Tensions from the Ottoman Past

Nearly all discussion in historical archaeology exploring issues of consumption and commodities is focused on the Euro-American world. This paper contributes data from archaeological investigations in the Middle East for exploring modern consumption. Commodities of pleasure, such as tobacco and coffee, entered Middle Eastern social life after the fifteenth century and greatly impacted the cultural landscape of the Middle East, entangling the peoples of the region into larger socio-political arenas. Examples from provincial corners of the Ottoman Empire illustrate the potential of historical archaeology for uncovering the material self-definition of peoples in the Middle East and for breaking down perceived divisions between components of the modern world.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Modern Arabic Drama Egypt. By M. M. Badawi
Sher Shah Sur, "Ustad-i Badshahan" Humayun, alias Sher Shah Suri. By Hussain Khan
Revolt in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: the Era of Shaykh zahir al-⁽Umar. By Ahmad Hasan Joudah
Authority in Islam: from the rise of Muhammad to the establishment of the Umayyads. By Hamid Dabashi
The Middle East In Crime Fiction: Mysteries, Spy Novels and Thrillers from 1916 to the 1980's. By Reeva S. Simon
Early Arabic Drama. By M. M. Badawi
Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society. By Akbar S. Ahmed
Language and change in the Arab Middle East: The Evolution of Modern Arabic Political Discourse. By Ami Ayalon     

Perspectives on the family and social change: Asia and the Middle East

Hanley, Susan B., and Arthur P. Wolf, eds. Family and Population in East Asian History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985, xx + 360 pp. including reference notes and index. $45.00 cloth.

Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock, ed. Women and the Family in the Middle East: New Voices of Change. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, xii + 356 pp. including chapter notes. $24.50 cloth, $11.95 paper.

Schrijvers, Joke Therese. Mothers for Life: Motherhood and Marginalization in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. Delft: Eburon, 1985. xiv + 273 pp. including photographs,. glossary, and references, (n.p.)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: M. I. Tuqan, Education, Society and Development in Underdeveloped Countries. Centre for the Study of Education in Changing Societies A. Lauterbach: Psychological Challenges to Modernization. D.H. Burger, Sociologisch-economische geschiedenis van Indonesia (The Social- Economic History of Indonesia) James Howe et al: The US and World Development. Agenda for Action 1975. Charles Cooper and Sidney Alexander (eds): Economic Development and Population Growth in the Middle East.     

Book Reviews

Social Change and History: Aspects of the Western Theory of Development Columbus, Cortés, and Other Essays Church and State in the Teaching of St. Ambrose The Meaning of Courtly Love Essays in Medieval History Presented To cWilkinson Roman London Elizabethan London Arab Historians of the Crusades Frederick Barbarossa: A Study in Medieval Politics Heresies of the High Middle Ages Europe Divided, 1559–1595 The History of Modern Germany, 1840–1945 Otto von Bismarck: Eine Kurzbiographie The Tragedy of Nazi Germany The Role of Fouché During the Hundred Days Colleges in Controversy: The Jesuit Schools in France from Revival to Suppression, 1815–1880 The Roots of Russian Communism: A Social and Historical Study of Russian Social Democracy, 1898–1907 The Country Gentry in the Fourteenth Century, With Special Reference to the Heraldic Rolls of Arms The Political Thought of Sir Henry Vane the Younger The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg Society and Pauperism Land Fit for Heroes: The Planning of British Reconstruction, 1916–1919 Northern Mists The Cousin Jacks: The Cornish in America Red, White, and Blue: Men, Books, and Ideas in American Culture The Education of American Leaders: Comparative Contributions of U. S. Colleges and Universities The Breaking of Traditions: Theological Convictions in Colonial America New York Beginnings; The Commercial Origins Of New Netherland Borderland Empire in Transition: The Triple-Nation Transfer of Florida The American Revolution and the French Alliance The Practice and Politics of Fiat Finance: North Carolina in the Confederation, 1783–1759 The War of 1812 The Best Dressed Miners: Life ad Labor in the Maryland Coal Region, 1335–1910 Surfboats and Horse Marines: U. S. Naval Operations in the Mexican War, 1846–43 William Wells Brown: Author and Reformer Field Medical Services at the Battles of Manassas Reconstruction in Retrospect, Views from the Turn of the Century Henry Ossawa Tanner: American Artist Thomas James Conaty, Pastor, Educator, Bishop Factories in the Valley: Neenah-Menasha, 1870–1915 Kansas Populism: Ideas and Men Blood an the Border: The United States Army and the Mexican Irregulars Seeking World Order: The United States and International Organization to 1920 Heir to Empire: United States Economic Diplomacy, 1916–1923 Weekly on the Wabash Ideologies and Utopias: The Impact of the New Deal on American Thought Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs The Canadian Frontier, 1533–1760 China: An Interpretive History, From the Beginnings to the Fall of Han Chinese Communist Politics in Action. Edited, with an introduction, by A. Doak Barnett. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1969. Pp. viii, 620. $12.50.) The Emergence of the Middle East: 1914–1924 The Middle East: A Social Geography     

Pottery technology in the Tang dynasty (ninth century ad): archaeometric analyses of a Gongyi sherd found at Siraf,Iran

In 1969–70, a single Tang dynasty blue‐spotted Gongyi sherd was found at Siraf, Iran, the main trading port on the Persian Gulf in the early Islamic period. This is the only known example of Chinese blue‐and‐white ware, whether low‐ or high‐fired, found in the Middle East from such an early date. The sherd provides direct archaeological evidence for the Indian Ocean trade between China and the Middle East in the ninth century ad . The body paste, clear glaze and blue glaze or pigment were analysed by thin‐section petrography, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDX) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The technological analysis reveals the different steps of the chaîne opératoire: clay mixing, slip and glaze application, and decoration with the cobalt blue glaze before high‐temperature firing. These steps are characteristic of Tang stoneware production at Gongyi in Henan province, China. The use of cobalt blue pigment as part of a simple spotted decoration scheme on the Gongyi sherd, and its find context within the Middle East, provides evidence for the complex interplay and influence occurring between Chinese and Middle East ceramic industries at this time. Closely comparable examples of contemporary low‐fired earthenware ceramics with cobalt blue decoration on a white tin glaze manufactured within the Middle East also occur within the same assemblage from Siraf.     

International Regimes and Commercial Hegemony: Control of the Arabian Littoral, 1800–1905

Herbert Hoover's Plan for Ending the Second World War; Joan Hoff Wilson

Modern Chinese Diplomatic History: A Guide to Research; Immanuel C.Y. Hsu     

Book Reviews

Ann Laura Stoler, Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination, 1830–1867 Kathleen Wilson, The Island Race: Englishness, Empire and Gender in the Eighteenth Century Andrew Kirkendall, Class Mates: Male Student Culture and the Making of a Political Class in Nineteenth‐Century Brazil Sueann Caulfield, In Defense of Honor: Sexual Morality, Modernity, and Nation in Early‐Twentieth‐Century Brazil David M. Halperin, How to Do the History of Homosexuality Paul Hammond, Figuring Sex between Men From Shakespeare to Rochester Tom Betteridge (ed.), Sodomy in Early Modern England Felicia Gordon and P. N. Furbank, Marie Madeleine Jodin 1741–1790: actress, philosophe and feminist Joan B. Landes, Visualizing the Nation: Gender, Representation, and Revolution in Eighteenth‐Century France Lynn Abrams, The Making of Modern Woman: Europe, 1789–1918 Gisela Bock, Women in European History Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780–1850 Beverly Wilson Palmer (ed.), Selected Letters of Lucretia Coffin Mott Susan Weiner, Enfants Terribles: Youth and Femininity in the Mass Media in France, 1945–1968     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviews in this Article: Danielle Jacquart and Claude Thomasset, Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages,. David Levine, Reproducing Families. The political economy of English population history. Mikiso Hane, Reflections on the Way to the Callows: Rebel Women in Pre-war Japan. Sandra M Gilbert and Susan Gubar, No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. Nancy F. Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism. Brian Harrison, Prudent Revolutionaries, Portraits of British Feminists between the Wars. Birgit Sawyer and Anita Goransson (eds), Manliga strukturer och kvinnliga strategier. Susan Bridger, Women in the Soviet Countryside: women's roles in rural development in the Soviet Union. Veronica Strong-Boag, The New Day Recalled: Lives of Girls and Women in English Canada, 1919–1939.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews in This Article: Marathon: The Story of Civilizations on Collision Course. By Alan Lloyd. English Local Administration in the Middle Ages. By Helen M. Jewell. Fifteenth-century England, 1399-1509:Studies in Politics and Society. Edited by S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross, and R. A. Griffiths. William and Mary. By Henri and Barbara Van der Zee. Heresy and Obedience in Tridentine Italy: Cardinal Pale and the Counter Reformation. By Dermot Fenlon. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the European Conflict, 1559-1572. By N. M. Sutherland. The Bloodless Revolution: England, 1688. By Stuart E. Prall. Russian Rebels, 1600-1800. By Paul Avrich. After the Forty-Five: The Economic Impact On The Scottish Highlands. By A. J. Youngson. The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the Eighteenth Century. By Jeffry Kaplow. King William IV. By Philip Ziegler. France in Revolution, 1848. By Anthony Denholm. Party Propaganda Under Queen Anne: The General Elections of 1702-1713. By James O. Richards. Baljour: A Political Biography. By Sydney H. Zebel. Education and Enmity: The Control of Schooling in Northern Ireland, 1920-50. By Donald Harman Akenson. Europe Leaves the Middle East, 1936-1954. By Howard M. Sachar. Introduction by William L. Langer. Britain and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1939: A Study in Dilemmas of British Decline. By Bradford A. Lee. Backs to the Wall. The Heroic Story of the People of London During World War II. By Leonard Mosley. Twentieth-Century Germany: From Bismarck to Brandt. By A. J. Ryder. Aid to Russia, 1941-1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, The Origins of the Cold War. By George C. Herring, Jr. The West in Russia and China: Religious and Secular Thought in Modern Times. Volume 1, Russia, 1472-1917; Volume 2, China, 1582-1949. By Donald W. Treadgold. China's Developmental Experience. Edited by Michael Oksenberg. The Poltava Affair: A Russian Warning: An American Tragedy. By Glenn B. Infield. General Slilwell in China, 1942-1944: The Full Story. By Chin-tung Liang. Asia in the Modern World Series, Number 12. Taiwan in Modern Times. Edited, with an introduction, by Paul K. T. Sih. Life and Times in Colonial Philadelphia. By Joseph J. Kelley, Jr. Edward Preble: A Naval Biography, 1761-1807. By Christopher McKee. Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy. By Sydney Nathans. [The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science.] Between Harvard and America: The Educational Leadership of Charles W. Eliot. By Hugh Hawkins. The Role of the Yankee in the Old South. By Fletcher M. Green. Jews in the South. Edited by Leonard Dinnerstein and Mary Dale Palsson. Banks or No Banks: The Money Issue in Western Politics, 1832-1865. By William Gerald Shade. The Politics of Command: Factions and Ideas in Confederate Strategy. By Thomas Lawrence Connelly and Archer Jones. The American War and Peace, 1860-1877. By Emory M. Thomas. Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction. By Martin E. Mantell. Joseph Smith's New England Heritage: Influences of Grandfathers Solomon Mack and Asael Smith. By Richard Lloyd Anderson. People of the Plains and Mountains: Essays in the History of the West Dedicated to Everett Dick. Edited by Ray Allen Billington. The American Hegelians: An Intellectual Episode in the History of Western America. Edited by William H. Goetzmann. The World of Nations: Reflections on American History, Politics, and Culture. By Christopher Lasch. Departing Glory: Theodore Roosevelt as ex-President. By Joseph L. Gardner. The Crisis of Democratic Theory: Scientific Naturalism and the Problem of Value. By Edward A. Purcell, Jr. Freedom and the Court: Civil Rights and Liberties in the United States. By Henry J. Abraham. First Freedom: The Response of Alabama's Blacks to Emancipation and Reconstruction. By Peter Kolchin. Mental Institutions in America: Social Policy to 1875. By Gerald Grob. The Woman Citizen: Social Feminism in the 1920s. By J. Stanley Lemons. Schoolbooks and Krags: The United States Army in the Philippines. By John M. Gates. Newton D. Baker and the American War Effort, 1917-1919. By Daniel R. Beaver. The Populist Context: Rural versus Urban Power on a Great Plains Frontier. By Stanley B. Parsons. No Haven for the Oppressed: United States Policy Toward Jewish Refugees, 1938-1945. By Saul S. Friedman. Righteous Conquest: Woodrow Wilson and the Evolution of the New Diplomacy. By Sidney Bell. [National University Publications.] War, Presidents, and Public Opinion. By John E. Mueller. Americans in Southeast Asia: The Roots of Commitment. By Russell H. Fifield.     

The first damsel-dragonfly (Odonata: Isophlebioidea: Campterophlebiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Shaanxi Province,northwestern China

ZHENG, D., DONG, C., WANG, H., YE, Y., WANG, B., CHANG S-C. & ZHANG, H., May 2017. The first damsel-dragonfly (Odonata: Isophlebioidea:Campterophlebiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Shaanxi Province, northwestern China. Alcheringa 41, 509–513. ISSN 0311-5518.

Campterophlebiidae is the most diverse family of fossil odonatans in China with ten genera recovered mostly from Middle Jurassic strata of Inner Mongolia. We describe a well-preserved campterophlebiid damsel-dragonfly from the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation in Shanxi Province, northwestern China. This discovery adds to the diversity of Campterophlebiidae and identifies a new Middle Jurassic insect fossil locality in China. Within Campterophlebiidae, the new taxon most closely resembles Ctenogampsophlebia from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia but differs from other genera in having vein AA with four parallel posterior branches uncrossed in the anal triangle.

Daran Zheng [dranzheng@gmail.com] State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Chong Dong [cdong@nigpas.ac.cn], He Wang [hwang@nigpas.ac.cn] and Haichun Zhang [hczhang@nigpas.ac.cn] State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Yifei Ye [459353251@qq.com] Shannxi Non-ferrous Yulin Coal Co., Ltd, Yulin, PR China; Bo Wang [bowang@nigpas.ac.cn] State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Su-Chin Chang [suchin@hku.hk] Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.