中国国家志编纂的伟大意义

中国有编纂全国性总志的优良传统。全国性总志源于《禹贡》。最早的全国性总志是《隋区宇图志》。唐代有李泰修、萧德言等纂《括地志》 ,李吉甫纂《元和郡县图志》。宋代有乐史《太平寰宇记》、王存《元丰九域志》。元代创修一统志 ,名《大元大一统志》 ,明因之 ,清则三修一统志。但是 ,这些全国性总志 ,虽有“区宇”、“寰宇”、“九域”、“一统”之名 ,仍属地方志 ,都不是真正意义上的国家志。因为 ,全国性总志无一例外地都是分地记载 ,汇为一志。如初修《大清一统志》 ,采取分省叙次的方式 ,每省先立统部 ,冠以图表 ,有分野、建置沿革、…     

《三州辑略》吐鲁番史料的特点与不足

《三州辑略》中关于吐鲁番的史料,其价值通过与清朝时期的《钦定皇舆西域图志》《钦定大清一统志》《回疆通志》《西陲总统事略》《新疆图志》嘉庆《重修一统志》《吐鲁番厅乡土志》以及《吐鲁番地区志》《吐鲁番市志》等志书的比较,看出《三州辑略》吐鲁番史料的独特性和不足。其价值有：详今略古,有时代性;分门别类,且有创新;列有数字,记载详细;详列乾嘉年间吐鲁番的官员任职情况;纠错纠讹,考证严格。其不足之处有：叙诛详细．却不记回俗：不记户口、学校、古挤、坎儿井;内容失误．     

《元和郡国志》研究

<正> 《太平寰宇记》中引有354条所谓“《郡国志》”逸文,由于乐史在《寰宇记》序言中曾提到“元和有《郡国志》”,清严观作《元和郡县补志》辑补今本唐李吉甫《元和郡县图志》阙文时,即将《寰宇记》引《郡     

《元和郡县图志》标点正误一则

贺次君先生点校《元和郡县图志》(中华书局1983年版)卷一四“河东道三”岚州岚谷县条下云:“隋大业三年置岢岚镇、压草城、川贼路。”显然点校者是将岢岚镇、压草城、川贼路作为三处地名。据《太平寰宇记》、《元丰九域志》及《宋史·地理志》记载,宋太宗太平兴国五年,以岚州岚谷县建为岢岚军。又阅《武经总要》前集卷一七“边防”岢岚军条云:“隋大业中,置岢岚镇,捍草城川贼路。”且列出岢岚军属下“川谷城堡五”,第一便是“草城川”,并云:“川口阔一里余,川中有古城,景德中筑长城控扼贼路。”(上海古籍出版社影印文渊阁《四库全书》本)据…     

《宋书·州郡志》献疑一则

《宋书·州郡志》徐州:“后汉治东海郯县,魏、晋、宋治彭城。明帝世,淮北没寇,侨立徐州,治钟离。泰豫元年,移治东海朐。”①按:“朐”,中华书局本校勘记:“‘朐’字下各本并衍‘山’字。成孺《宋书州郡志校勘记》云:‘本志南徐州南东海朐令,据此知“朐”下衍“山”字。’按成校是,今删‘山’字。”     

姑臧故城地理位置初探

史籍记载,今武威城最早为匈奴族所筑的盖臧城,后人音讹为姑臧。姑臧故城在什么地方呢?《甘肃建置志》说:“姑臧旧城远不可考”。《读史方舆纪要》“姑臧废县”条下说:“(凉州卫城)东北二里,又有姑臧旧城遗址”。乾隆《五凉全志·武威县志》说:“姑臧,(武威)县东北二里”。《嘉庆重修一统志》引《明统志》说:“姑臧废县在(凉州)卫东北二里,唐凉州治遗址尚存”。由于这些记载,姑臧故城遗址的地理位置一直是一个未解之“谜”。多年来,考古工作者曾留心县城东北二里处究竟有无故城遗址,然而迄今没有发现有什么迹象。     

《中国历史地图集》误绘“讹答剌卫”考辨

《中国历史地图集》第七册《元·明时期》“奴儿干都司”图中存在着一处错误地名“讹答剌卫”至今未见辨正,为《中国历史地图集》进行解释的《<中国历史地图集>东北地区 资料汇篇》与《<中国历史地图集>释文汇编·东北卷》中也缺少对“讹答剌卫”源流和定位的解释。通过对《明实录》《明会典》《鞑靼馆来文》《钦定满洲源流考》《钦定大清一统志》《钦定盛京通志》等文献的检阅、梳理与分析,笔者认为“讹答剌卫”当为“答剌河卫”,且其位置位于今吉林省塔拉站村附近。     

新旧《五代史》地名勘误一则

中华书局点校本《旧五代史》卷69第914页,正文有“(张)宪初闻有变,出奔沂州。”卷后第923页《校勘记》第二条“出奔沂州”称“殿本、刘本同。《资治通鉴》卷275作‘出奔忻州’。《资治通鉴》注云:《九域志》:太原府东北至忻州二百里。此以宋氏徙府后言也。”但对张宪出奔之地究竟是“忻州”抑或“沂州”,却不予判明,使人读后更不得要领。按,北宋初年人乐史《太平寰宇记》卷23载:“沂州,琅琊郡,今理临沂县”;该书卷42又载:“忻州,定襄郡,今理秀容县……秦为太原郡地,今州即汉太原郡之阳曲县也……(唐)乾元元年(公元758)复为忻州”。“沂州”…     

汤陵初考

<正>汤陵,又称汤王陵,即商汤王墓,为殷商古墓葬。成汤王是商朝的开国君主,而且是一位爱民如子的贤王,是我国古代最有德行的圣君之一,他的功德受到人们的尊敬。古有"汤无葬处"之说。成汤死后葬于何处,史学界尚无定论。有关汤王陵的记载,最早见于《皇览》:"汤冢在济阴毫县。"《括地志》谓在薄城,又云在洛州偃师县,传说不一。《水经注》载:"商成汤葬于涡河之阳。"《文献统考》载:"殷汤葬     

点校本《太平寰宇记》札迻

王文楚等在《太平寰宇记》之《校勘记》中,怀疑狄仁杰“天水人”、李通“陇西成纪人”为误书,可是通过分析古籍中常举郡望而不言本贯的情况,并且揆之以天水郡为狄姓郡望、陇西郡为李姓郡望的史实,发现误书说有失允当。并根据《隋书·地理上》《太平寰宇记-关西道十二》的记载,认为《太平寰宇记·四夷十八》“自陇西、延安至辽东”之“安”为衍文,当删。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the