张家山汉简所见汉代婚姻禁令

张家山汉简中的婚姻禁令大致可分为两个方面,一是有关通婚范围的禁令,包括禁与逃亡者为婚、禁奴与主婚配、禁异国通婚等内容;二是有关婚姻伦理的禁令,包括禁通奸、禁烝报等内容.这些禁令既对当时的婚姻嫁娶有强烈的规范意义,又对后世的婚姻立法产生了重大的影响.     

论陕甘宁边区婚姻立法原则的修正——以边区司法实践为视角

中国共产党在陕甘宁边区试图对旧有的婚姻观念和婚姻形态进行较为彻底的改造,在一系列婚姻立法中提出了新型的婚姻原则和婚姻制度。但是,婚姻制度的变革并不仅仅是新旧观念的简单变化,它的变革还应该包括经济、政治、文化等诸多社会制度的变革。因此,考察陕甘宁边区的实际婚姻状况,从司法实践中发现边区处理婚姻纠纷的原则、规则,不仅可以使我们全面了解边区司法机关在推行婚姻立法原则过程中所起到的重要作用,同时也为当今我国构建和谐社会、完善婚姻家庭制度提供了有益借鉴。     

新疆柯尔克孜族民事习惯法述论

根据我国现行法律,习惯法主要在少数民族的婚姻、继承等方面发挥社会调节作用。柯尔克孜族历史悠久,曾受多种文化影响但又保持了较强的独立性,在其发展历程中,形成丰富的独特习惯规则,特别是在家庭、婚姻、亲属、继承等民事制度方面颇具特色。研究柯尔克孜族民事习惯法的历史及现状,能够为中国习惯法的研究贡献力量,为新疆民族区域自治的立法、执法以及司法提供一些有益的参照和借鉴。     

对中越跨境婚姻问题的社会学思考——以云南金平县金水河镇为例

中越边境地区跨境婚姻与其他涉外的跨国婚姻明显不同,它存在特殊的人文地理因素。本文从近年来云南金平金水河镇跨国婚姻的现状入手,分析了当前金水河镇中越跨国婚姻存在的问题并由此探讨解决问题的途径,对促进边疆地区社会的发展和构建"和谐边疆"具有积极意义。     

浅谈金代女真人的婚姻习俗和族际婚

婚姻是人类历史发展的产物,是社会生产的重要组成部分,并且影响着整个人类社会的发展。婚姻习俗是婚姻具象化的表现形式,包括的内容广泛,对婚姻的实现具有重要作用。伴随着社会生产方式的发展,每个民族形成了各具特色的婚姻习俗。金代女真族既有少数民族婚姻系数的共性,又具有其特殊性,形成了自己特色的发展道路。     

浅论一战期间的赴法华工及其婚姻

一战期间,法国女多男少的现实、华工对配偶的需求促使不少华工与法国妇女结为夫妻,而法国政府错误的婚姻政策及急功近利的遣返华工政策又在客观上起到了推波助澜的作用。北洋政府为了维护国内的伦理秩序及与法国的外交关系,采取了一些限制华工婚姻的措施,但受制于其法律制度的自相矛盾而不能很好地解决问题。     

新疆伊犁特克斯县婚姻习俗分析——以“私奔婚”现象为例

维吾尔族作为新疆的主体民族,具着特色的婚姻习俗,并随着社会的发展在发生着变化。本文章主要讲解特克县婚姻习俗的基本情况及伊犁特克斯县地区在婚姻习俗上长期以来存在的"私奔婚"的改变情况。     

近代学生群体中文化教育与传统婚姻的冲突

学生婚姻中的冲突与矛盾,是近代学校教育兴起之后的特有现象。接受了西方自由平等观念之后,学生们崇尚婚姻自主,渴望知识女性。但受风俗所限,他们自身多数都被父母缔结了传统姻缘。具有新式价值观念的他们,无法再对旧式婚姻容忍和麻木,而打破僵局又会遭到家族与社会的责难。化教育与传统婚姻的冲突,在他们身上得到了最为典型的体现。     

婚内协议诸问题思考

婚内协议,已经作为一种维护婚姻稳定,未雨绸缪地保障自身权利的工具日益为人们了解和采用。本文从"婚内协议"的性质、效力、存在条件以及立法缺失等几个方面进行分析,试图将公平、自愿的契约精神融入婚姻法,注入新的活力。     

论战国时期的婚姻制度及其目的

战国是中国婚姻史发展的变革时期。这一时期,婚姻形态各层面特色鲜明：成熟的一夫一妻及多妻制、注重婚姻以时,婚礼成备的礼规、限制出妻、弃夫,提倡必婚的婚姻管理,使其婚姻制度系统化、法规化;各国四面出嫁,借以谋生存、图发展的政治婚姻主旨,广家庭、衍子孙、求内助的婚姻目的。使其婚姻动机极富现实性、功利性。战国婚姻制度及特点的形成是以土地私有制为内在动力的;富国强兵作为战国七雄实现霸业的最重要手段．是战国婚姻特点形成的政治要求;一夫多妻制主要是以土地私有为基础的,战争造成的性别失衡为一夫多妻的实行提供了最为重要的条件,多妻制的经济功能使得有条件实行多妻的男子趋之若鹜。因此,战国时期,特别是中晚期的一夫多妻制不仅是成熟的．而且在某些范围内也是带有普遍性的一种婚姻制度。     

New Chinese Military History, 1839–1951: What’s the Story?

Since 1990, New Chinese Military History in the West has remedied scholarly neglect of Chinese warfare and changed the usual stories of modern China. These studies disproved Orientalist assumptions of a unique “Chinese way of war” or a strategic culture that avoided aggressive confrontation. Scholars also challenge the assumption that Confucian immobility led to a clash of civilizations and decisive defeat in the Opium Wars, First Sino-Japanese War, and Boxer War of 1900. In fact, Qing officials were quick and successful in creating a new military regime. New military histories of the warlords, the Sino-Japanese Wars, and the Chinese Civil War show that developing new types of warfare was central in creating the new nation. All these wars split the country into factions that were supported by outside powers: they were internationalized civil wars. The article also asks how the choice of terms, labels, and categories shapes interpretations and political messages.     

20世纪90年代的中国军事变革

20世纪90年代,中国充分利用世界军事变革的形势和冷战结束后相对和平的环境,紧跟世界潮流,全面推进了具有中国特色的新军事变革:及时调整军事战略方针,形成了军事变革的总体规划和设计;大胆进行理论创新,充分发挥了理论的先导作用;自力更生发展"杀手锏",提高了武器装备的信忠化水平;以人为本,人才先行,培养出大批高素质的人才;调整体制编制,压缩军队规模,优化了部队结构。经过近十年的努力,中国新军事变革取得巨大的成就,缩短了同美、俄等国军事力量的差距,同时也为新世纪新军事变革的继续深入奠定了坚实的基础。     

Problematic Conjugations: Women’s Agency,Marriage and Domestic Violence in Indonesia

Abstract:

This paper examines women’s experience of domestic violence within marriage in Makassar, South Sulawesi. It analyses the meaning of marriage for men and women, the roles of men and women within marriage, shifts in marriage practices – particularly the shift from arranged to “love” marriage – and unequal gender positions within marriage. We discuss some salient issues in the “margins of marriage” in Indonesia: polygyny and constructions of masculinity that condone the practice of polygyny/affairs, and attitudes towards divorce, particularly for women. We then examine women’s perception of the causes and triggers of domestic violence as revealed by fieldwork data, using the lens of women’s agency. Our findings are that women perceive that their expressions of agency – for instance in challenging men’s authority, moral righteousness and adequacy as breadwinners – are the most common triggers for male violence within marriage. Finally, we discuss the difficulty for women of escaping domestic violence, thereby getting some purchase on the relative capacity of women to resist, deflect or deal with the violence.     

新中国军事工程技术教育的奠基人--陈赓

陈赓是新中国第一所军事工程学院的建院元勋,其工作在当代中国军事工程技术教育史上是开创性的.新中国国防建设的需要及抗美援朝战争后的深刻启示是陈赓军事技术教育思想产生的历史背景.陈赓的军事工程技术教育思想主要包括军事工程技术教育是国防现代化的基础的思想与实践,围绕培养具备综合素质的军事工程技术人才实行全过程质量控制的思想,"善之本在教,教之本在师"的思想,以及以服务教学为宗旨的行政管理思想等.陈赓的军事工程技术教育思想与实践取得了辉煌成就,并在此过程中形成了影响深远的"哈军工"优良传统.     

Buddhist Manifestations of Patriotism during the Korean War

A great deal of research on the Korean War has focused on the military, politics, economy and international affairs, and far less on the religious, particularly the Buddhist, perspective. The Korean War exerted a tremendous impact on institutional Buddhism, and consequently Buddhists were heavily involved. This paper examines the history of Chinese Buddhist participation in the ＂Resisting America and Assisting Korea Campaign＂ from Buddhist perspectives such as political propaganda, material donations especially the donation of the ＂Chinese Buddhist Airplane,＂ and the enlistment of young monks into the People＇s Volunteer Army （the PVA）. The paper will then look into social and political factors involved in Buddhist leaders＇ reinterpretation of Buddhist doctrines to justify participation in the campaign, as a response to the surge of patriotism in Chinese society. This kind of investigation may shed light on the relationship between institutional Buddhism and politics in the new socialist society of China after 1949.     

Western Imperialism and Military Reform in Japan and China

This paper compares the initial efforts at military reform in China and Japan in the late nineteenth century. Changes in military organization and training are situated within a global process of military transformation represented by changes in the structure of the Prussian army. The Prussian staff system and planning program were imported into both Japan and China, but with quite different results. The paper contrasts centralization and standardization as typified by the new Japanese army with the decentered approaches in China. The paper argues that although there was substantive change in China, the Qing state was unable to impose a uniform plan for military Westernization. As a result, the new armies were never integrated into a common organization capable of defending the state from external aggression.     

Risk and Private Military Work

Abstract: To date geography has paid scant attention to private military contracting. Other disciplines have studied the topic, but their work is state‐centric. In this paper I examine private military contracting through a geoeconomic lens and make four arguments. First, the heightened security risks of the contemporary era cannot be explained solely as a result of states’ decision to cede their monopolies over the means of violence. We must also examine the private military firms that have created new monopolies and the strategies they use to manage and distribute risk. Second, the industry has increased risk in the world system by offloading security risks onto their employees. This “responsibility over rights” management model provides inadequate human rights training and battlefield adjudication procedures for contractors and civilians alike. Third, the geography of private military work does not always conform to the global division of labor between north and south. Instead, private military work creates a class of work that cuts across social and geographic divides. Finally, while activists should encourage states to regulate the industry, they should also push it to reform employment practices since private military firms are increasingly global in scope.     

The Natures of War

“Nature” is more than a resource bank whose riches can trigger armed conflict and finance its depredations; it is also a medium through which military and paramilitary violence is conducted. The militarisation of nature is part of a dialectic in which earthy, vibrant matter shapes the contours of conflict and leaves its marks on the bodies of soldiers who are both vectors and victims of military violence. Three case studies identify some of the central bio‐physical formations that became entangled with armed conflict in the twentieth century: the mud of the Western Front in the First World War, the deserts of North Africa in the Second World War, and the rainforests of Vietnam. Taken together, these reveal vital connections between the materiality and corporeality of modern war and their continued relevance to its contemporary transformations.     

近代中国“茅台酒”品牌的演进

近代“茅台酒”品牌的演进与各时期的市场变迁及政商网络密切相关。北洋时期,茅台酒受到贵州军政高层的青睐,并参加物产博览会获奖,成为贵州名产。抗战爆发后,公教人员的大量内迁与后方贸易的封锁,改变了名酒消费的格局。茅台酒借助经营者的交际网跻身大后方市场,并形成特定名号的独立品牌。战后,茅台酒经营者通过其商业网,在国内各大城市建立代销体系,茅台酒获得更大的销售市场,进而成长为全国名酒。茅台酒的历史揭示出战争、市场及政商网络对商业品牌的形塑,也为近代经济活动中特定市场客体的演化逻辑提供了某种解释。     

CIVIL WAR,MARRIAGE BAN AND SEX RATIO

The civil war in mainland China during 1945–1949 resulted in an enormous influx of immigrants to Taiwan, the majority of whom were single male soldiers in their twenties or thirties. In addition, a military marriage ban prevented most of the immigrant soldiers from getting married until 1959. These two factors have profound, but distinct, influences on the effective prime-age sex ratio in the marriage market in post-war Taiwan. Unfortunately, the official population data in Taiwan excluded the military and thus did not reveal the true male population until the late 1960s. This paper proposes a method to impute the effective prime-age sex ratio. The imputation result shows that the effective prime-age sex ratio first rose in the 1950s, peaked in the 1960s, and then declined in the 1970s. At its peak, as many as 120 men were competing for only 100 women in the marriage market.