政治性与学术性:中国社会史论战的双重特性

正20世纪30年代的中国社会史论战,直接催生了中国马克思主义史学,塑造了中国马克思主义史学范式。目前学界对中国社会史论战的性质存在着两种不同的观点:一是从政治角度审视社会史论战,将其定性为马克思主义史学与非马克思主义史学之争,强调其政治意义;二是从学术理路上审视中国社会史论战,将其视为唯物史学内部的争论,强调其学术意义。尽管双方存在较大分歧,但都一致承认这场学术论战具有鲜明的政治色彩,有着明确的政治诉求。学术问题与政治问题交织在一起,学术讨论与政治诉求混合在一起,决定了这场学术论战包含着深刻的政治内涵。正因政治性与学术性混合在一起,故人们对这场论战的定位才会出现如此大的差异;也正因政治性与学术性混杂在一起,故仅仅从政治或学术的视角审视这场论战,都是偏颇的。只有将政治性与学术性结合起来加以综合审视,才能真正认清这场论战的真实面相,才能真正理解它所催生的中国马克思主义史学的独特品质。     

潜心二十余年，别开学术心境——读周晓光教授《徽州传统学术文化地理研究》

20世纪80年代中期以来,以徽州历史文化为研究对象的徽学渐成区域文化研究之显学,一批学者致力于徽学研究,发表了大量研究成果.其中,以新安理学和徽派朴学为主要内容的徽州传统学术文化,因其在中国学术文化史上占有重要地位而备受学界关注,有不少重要研究著述问世.     

西方学界中国近代慈善史研究述评

正尽管慈善史早已在西方学界稳据一席之地,但中国慈善研究在西方学界并没有占据突出位置。在西方主要语言的文献编目中,以中国近代慈善史为主题进行检索,搜到自20世纪70年代至今的文献不足100条,并且将近75%的文献是在2005年以后发表或出版的。这说明西方学者是在最近几年才开始关注这个研究领域。虽然这是一个令人鼓舞的发展趋势,但与中国学者对慈善史研究兴趣的激增相差甚远。     

20世纪80年代以来国内清代长江中游经济史研究综述

清代是长江中游地区经济发展的一个重要历史时期。20世纪80年代以前,国内学者对于这一区域清代经济史的研究还没有涉足,较早涉足这一研究领域的是上世纪50—60年代日本学者对湖南的米市以及湖广集市的考察①。80年代以后,国内学者对这一领域的研究日益关注。就笔者统计所及,80年代至今,国内学者相关研究论文已有80多篇,专著已有10多部,尤其是近年来更是出现了对长江中游市镇经济和商品经济的研究。回顾总结20多年来的研究成果,对于进一步拓宽或深入该领域的研究将不无裨益。一城市、市镇经济研究城市和市镇经济研究是本区域清代经济史研究的…     

魂梦依旧在酒泉——谭蝉雪先生向甘肃省图书馆捐赠70余种宝卷

正2015年12月8日,我受邀前往甘肃省图书馆,一览谭蝉雪先生捐赠的70余种河西宝卷。"宝卷是变文的嫡派子孙。"自上世纪20年代顾颉刚先生专题研究孟姜女故事开始,宝卷进入学者视野;30年代郑振铎先生在《中国俗文学史》一书中,将这种民间说唱艺术纳入中国文学范畴后,宝卷断续受到了学界的重视。而由于河西宝卷流行于敦煌一带,具有鲜明的地方性,从上世纪80年代起,受到数位有见识的学者的关注和研究,如段平安、谢生保、谭蝉雪、方步和等,其中三位学者与我甚有机缘。     

职高学生“问题行为”的分类及表现形式探究

正"问题行为"一词英文译为"Problem Behavior"最早是由西方学者提出来的。20世纪80年代以后,由于对问题行为研究的学者越来越多,他们给问题行为作出了不同的界定。一、职高学生问题行为的界定林格伦觉得问题行为是一切引起麻烦的行为,或者可以说这种行为的发生会产生麻烦。我国学者对问题行为的关注开始于上世纪的80年代。学者们根据我国的实际情况出发对学生问题行为进行了充分的探索,但是由于研究对象、内容     

2007年以来的南方丝绸之路文化交流研究

一、南方丝绸之路研究的兴起 南方丝绸之路研究可以追溯到20世纪初开始的中缅印交通研究,20世纪40至70年代不少学者对此发表过专门论著进行讨论,但由于当时条件所限,这个具有国际学术意义的重大课题没有得到学术界及社会的广泛关注。直到1980年代,在改革开放的形势下,中国西南与南亚、东南亚的古代交通与贸易问题,开始受到相当的重视。一批学者考察了从四川成都到云南腾冲的交通线,明确了这条线路的主要走向。     

江南文化视域下皖江区域文化研究的几点思考

<正>自20世纪50年代以来,江南文化便是学界研究的热点,吸引着海内外学者的关注,研究领域广阔、成果丰富。学界关注皖江区域文化则始于20世纪90年代“文化圈”的学术探讨。自2004年12月安庆师范大学承办首届“皖江地区历史文化研讨会”以来,这种以安徽省社科联主导、皖江流域相关高校轮流承办、每两年一届的皖江地区历史文化学术研讨会迄今已举办九届,有力地推动了皖江区域文化研究的深入,同时也发现了一些研究的瓶颈问题。     

罗隆基人权与法治史观

考察中国人权史,在20世纪20年代末、30年代初,罗隆基作为1929年～1931年那场"人权论战"的主将,通过撰写大量的有关人权的文章,系统构建了其人权理论体系,并以此揭露国民党一党专制与独裁的本质。他的人权理论与观点不仅是他一生全部政治思想的核心,也是他政     

2O世纪40年代以来中国大陆"四大家族官僚资本"问题研究

20世纪20年代,瞿秋白等人提出了官僚资本的概念.抗战胜利前后,共产党人有了"四大家族官僚资本"的提法.1949年建国直至"文化大革命"结束,学术界对这一问题基本延续了此前的定论.改革开放以后,一些学者开始对"四大家族官僚资本"的性质、作用提出不同看法.上世纪90年代至今,除深入研究"四大家族官僚资本"扩张的过程和途径、国家资本如何转化成了官僚私人资本外,不少人认为就性质而言,"四大家族官僚资本"实际上含有国家资本和官僚私人资本两重性质.     

地方经济史本地化的优势与陷阱

中国经济史学者研究地方经济史始于20世纪30年代。50年代之后,研究本地特色经济史已逐渐形成一股热潮。在当前阶段,经济史中的同地研究已占主要地位,成为研究的主流。这种现象可以称之为地方经济史研究的本土化或本地化,有利于研究者发挥优势,有利于中国经济史学科的深入发展,有利于发挥经济史学的社会功能。地方经济史研究的本地化,既是中国经济史学发展到当前阶段的必然结果,也是它进一步发展的要求与动力。地方经济史研究本地化的发展为中国经济史学科的建设奠定了坚实基础,促进经济史学研究的内容更加丰富和学风更趋朴实,但在研究中也要避免由乡土情感带来的感情和理智平衡问题造成的陷阱。     

The Neuropathology of Morality: Germany 1930–1960

This article analyzes brain scientists’ attempts to trace morality in the brain in Germany from 1930 to 1960. The debate around Karl Kleist's localization of the Gemeinschafts-Ich [community-I] in the 1930s is depicted in order to illustrate the central arguments for and against localizations of morality. The focus of this article is on the period 1936–1960 in which experts put forth specific ideas on morality's cerebral underpinnings that mirror the larger theoretical shift from strict localization doctrine to a more holistic understanding of the brain. As a result of this shift, experts avoided exact localizations of morality. Instead, they posited correlations between brain areas and morality. The analysis illustrates the dependence of neuropathological research on morality on general theories of brain functioning and marks a first contribution to the history of the neuroscience of morality for the time after 1930.     

Selected writings on Philosophy,Religion and Politics

Benedetto Croce was the author of the most important and original theory of history in the 20th century. His theory was that of ‘absolute historicism’, and this necessarily entailed an acute critique of inherited ideas about the Enlightenment. This article studies both Croce's theoretical analysis of Enlightenment and his historical analysis of the Neapolitan Enlightenment. Croce's interest in the Enlightenment had political as well as philosophical roots. All over Europe in the 1920s and 1930s historical and theoretical research was occurring into in the Age of Enlightenment. The broad goal of such research was to bring forth a new concept of reason, which would have purchase in the contemporary debate about rationalism and irrationalism. This debate, which flourished in the era of totalitarian regimes, raised a series of further questions: What was culture? What was the task of culture in the fight against political irrationalism? What was the relationship between culture and the growth of public opinion? With respect to the latter relationship an important role was played by intellectuals, as evinced by the works of Benda, Max Weber and Croce himself. The genealogy of the modern intelligentsia led again to Enlightenment. In the third part of the article Croce's position on this issue is discussed in the light of his historical researches on Enlightenment by reference to his correspondence with two young historians, Delio Cantimori and Franco Venturi.     

晚清厘金历年全国总收入的再估计

清代厘金历年全国总收入,始终是一个难以解决的问题。民国时期,罗玉东先生综合清人有关估计和披阅大量档案文献史料,对晚清厘金历年全国总收入作了重新估计,但其结论与清代中外人士的估计相去不远。因此,罗氏关于清代厘金全国岁入大体在1400万两至2100万两之间的估计数基本上成为定论。本文拟在罗氏研究的基础上,根据笔者整理的新数据、新材料,提出晚清厘金历年全国总收入的新估计,认为光绪五年以后,清代厘金岁入已常年在2000万两以上,光绪二十九年以后突破3000万两。     

先周文化研究述论

先周文化一直是考古学界关注的问题之一。自上世纪30年代至今,对于先周文化的研究,大致经历了三个阶段,形成了四种主要的观点。通过对刘家文化、郑家坡文化、关中西部商文化、碾子坡文化等的分析,我们认为郑家坡文化与西周文化一脉相承,以联裆鬲等为代表的文化因素是周人的固有文化因素。     

Religious liberty for the Chinese child: missionary debates in the 1930s

ABSTRACT

In 1931, liberal and conservative Christians debated the possibility of replacing Bible Study with a comparative religions course for elementary-school students, in order to comply with regulations of the Republic of China. Made possible by the ecumenical and indigenization movements within Christianity, this debate intersected with multiple issues: Western accommodation to the rise of Chinese nationalism; Christian resistance to growing secularization in the West, including elements of the social gospel; and clerical responses to child-centered pedagogies. Furthermore, liberals also promoted religious studies as a method for increasing cross-cultural understanding and world peace after World War II. While previous scholars have situated government registration of parochial schools within the rise of Chinese nationalism, this article asserts that missionaries in the 1930s viewed children’s religious education within the framework of both Chinese indigenization and global secularization.     

与张之、王世恩论安阳与七大古都书

我国自有文字记载的商代以来,历代王朝的都城都是全国的政治、经济和文化中心。而历史上各代都城规制的变化,因为能反映一个时代经济、文化特征的变化,成为史学研究中的一个重要部分。我国历史上做过都城的城市有几十处,为研究其典型性,20世纪20年代,学术界将西安、洛阳、北京、南京、开封并列为“五大古都”。20世纪30年代又将杭州列入,成为“六大古都”。20世纪80年代,谭其骧先生提出将安阳(殷、邺)也列入大古都为“七大古都”。当时引起学术界的热烈讨论,最后得到了学术界的首肯,成为都城史研究界的共识。这里整理的三封信为谭其骧先生20世纪80年代后期与安阳地方学者讨论此问题的通信,从中也可以看出老一辈学者对学术的认真态度和科学精神。     

Can You Belly Dance? Methodological questions in the era of transnational feminist research

Power imbalances between the researcher and the researched, in particular with respect to Western (‐trained) scholars researching among women in the Third World, have been the focus of feminist debate on field research methodology for over two decades. This research note present paper, drawing on an example of field research carried out among female heads of households in Mexico, stresses the significance of this debate in the context of the globalization of research. It highlights the need to revisit and extend the feminist methodological discussion of insider/ outsider to reflect the current transnationality of research and praxis as mobility among Third World feminist researchers increases.     

Pioneering Iranian Studies in Meiji Japan: Between Modern Academia and International Strategy

This article explores the relationship between academic studies concerning Iran in Meiji Japan (1868?1912) and Orientalism in Western scholarship. Many researchers who have limited their definition of Iranian studies to the professional works published since the 1930s have concluded that there is an indirect relation between Iranian studies in Japan and Orientalism. In contrast, this paper takes it in a wider sense to mean all academic studies regarding Iran. The paper focuses on two such important proto-academic fields regarding foreign countries in Meiji Japan: geography and international politics. It concludes that the pioneering Iranian studies scholars in the Meiji period were not totally immune to Orientalism on the one hand but, on the other, that their research on Iran was less closely connected to imperialism than the Western scholarship that Edward Said famously critiqued.     

From Normative Debates to Comparative Methodology: The Three Waves of Post-Charter Supreme Court Scholarship in Canada

This article surveys the literature on the Supreme Court of Canada following the 1982 introduction of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and argues it has taken place in three distinct “waves.” The first involved tentative, prospective, and normative arguments about the impact of the Charter on national unity and Canada’s political institutions. The second was characterized by the legitimacy debate, the dialogue debate, and qualitative examination of how other political actors responded to Supreme Court decisions. By contrast, the third wave, initiated by American scholars drawing from American research, has been less normative, more comparative, and methodologically rigorous. While this comparative shift has been beneficial, the retreat from normative questions contributes to a misplaced sense that important debates are now settled. We urge scholars to engage in intellectual cross-fertilization by drawing from third-wave contributions to address normative questions about the Supreme Court’s increasingly important role in Canadian politics.