第二次国共合作正式形成的经过

第二次国共合作正式形成的经过■孙宅巍１９３７年７月７日,当卢沟桥畔枪声响起的时候,把持国民党党、政、军大权的蒋介石,正在江西庐山主持军官训练团。此时的蒋介石,虽在“西安事变”和中国共产党的推动、促进之下,已有抵抗日本侵略者之意,但尚未下定全面反击的决...     

周恩来崂山历险记

西安事变”时,周恩来（右）、叶剑英（中）、秦邦宪（左）应张学良之邀参加谈判“西安事变”和平解决之后,为了尽快促成抗日民族统一战线的最后形成,党中央派周恩来同志作为全权代表同国民党代表张冲进行关于国共合作各项具体事宜的谈判。至１９３７年４月,双方就国共合作框架协议已初步达成一致,只在关于红军改编等敏感问题上还存在着一定的分歧。然而蒋介石集团却玩弄“假和平”的阴谋,处处为和平谈判设置障碍。对代表中国共产党同国民党进行谈判的周恩来,更是恨之入骨,欲置之死地而后快。１９３７年４月２５日,周恩来和张云逸等同志一道,…     

也谈刘湘之死兼及川军抗战

读贵刊总第 ９７期《“四川王”刘湘魂断汉口之谜》一文,作者第一句即明指１９３７年秋刘湘去世,这与史载有误。相关历史是： １９３７年７月１０日,即芦沟桥事变后第３天,刘湘电告蒋介石,请缨抗战,并通电全国,吁请一致抗日。 １９３７年８月３日,刘湘赴南京参加最高国防会议,国民政府任刘湘为第二路预备军司令长官 １９３７年 ９月 １日,川军出川,分北、东两路。 １９３７年１０月 １５ 日,改任刘湘为第七战区司令长官（陈诚副职）,兼第二十三集团军总司令,拱卫京畿。蒋将邓锡侯的川军第二十二集团军调往第二战区归阎锡山指…     

抗战初期的八路军驻南京办事处

抗战初期的八路军驻南京办事处文／王其林抗战爆发后,为适应国共合作的现实,推动国共谈判,１９３７年８月中旬,中共中央在南京设立了八路军办事处,就国共合作的有关问题与国民党进行磋商。到１１月底撤退为止,在短短的三个月里,南京办事处完成了大量党中央赋予的艰...     

论皖南事变之善后

论皖南事变之善后张海鹏一、皖南事变之远因：国共抗战路线的不同１９３７年７月７日，日本军国主义者通过制造卢沟桥事变，掀起了全面侵华战争。日本企图亡我中华的行径，引起了中国国内各阶级各政党利害关系的调整，国民党、共产党两大政党本着“兄弟间于墙外御其侮”的...     

南京沦陷前英勇支前的江南汽车公司

南京沦陷前英勇支前的江南汽车公司文／施顺福图／周黎明１９３７年７月７日，芦沟桥中国守军打响了奋起抗战的第一枪，揭开了中国人民八年抗战的序幕。８日，中共中央发布、中国共产党为日军进攻芦沟桥通电，号召全国同胞和军队团结起来，筑起民族统一战线的坚固长城，抵...     

刻骨铭记董必武对我的教诲

１９３７年抗日战争爆发,国共合作的抗日民族统一战线实际建立,平型关作战胜利后,在共产党的要求下,国民党被迫在他们的报纸上发表了共产党的国共合作宣言,默认国共合作,武汉建立了八路军办事处,我们博文教会学校的进步生物老师吴醒夫,到办事处请董必武到校作时事报告。     

关于抗战时期中国共产党合法地位的探讨

关于抗战时期中国共产党合法地位的探讨陈瑞云１９２７年至１９３７年全国抗战爆发以前,中国共产党被当政的国民党及其国民政府视为叛逆,无合法地位。１９３７年至１９４５年,国共两党合作抗日八年,夺取了抗日战争的胜利。这一时期,国民党是否承认了共产党的合法地位...     

周恩来推动山西抗战

八路军在平型关、忻口与国民党部队联合作战,属第二次国共合作后,国共两党最早也是最密切的军事合作,是周恩来不负中央重托,去山西推动阎锡山,共同拉开了山西联合抗战的大幕。 阎锡山赞叹:周先生确是个大人才,国民党是没有这样的人才的     

1942年《中央日报》两次大改组

１９４２年,是国民党党报《中央日报》流年不利的一年。 这一年,在极短的时间里,《中央日报》发生两起风波,都因抢发新闻出了差错。 风波所及产生领导层的大换班,从社长到总编以及编辑部主任、采访部主任,撤职的撤职,辞职的辞职,众多人员纷纷落马。 起因于发布废除中美 不平等条约的消息 １９３７年７月７日,卢沟桥事变发生,中国人民愤起抗日。抗日战争进行的最初三个年头,作为世界强国之一的美国,对日本侵略者采取姑息怂恿态度,甚至将战争必需的物资卖给日本。直到１９４１年１２月８日,日本偷袭美国珍珠港,太平洋战争爆发…     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the