中古家训的社会价值分析

本文通过对《颜氏家训》和司马光《家范》两者的篇目设置、关注重点、治家原则以及家族命运的担忧与期望诸问题进行讨论,分析中古家训的社会价值,借以阐释中古社会历史发展的趋势特征。     

敦煌《诗经》写卷与中古经学

敦煌《诗经》写本是迄今为止发现的最大宗的中古时期的手写本,为研究中古《诗经》学提供了极其宝贵的实证材料。利用这批材料,不仅可以证实文献记载的中古时期《毛诗》一统天下的局面,而且我们还因此搞清楚了《毛诗正义》原本之体裁格式、音隐类著作之体裁,看到了中古时期《毛诗音》一类著作的面貌。同时,由于这是一批南北朝隋唐时期的写本,保存了当时《毛诗传笺》的文本面貌,是汉晋简本时代与宋以后的刻本时代之间《毛诗传笺》文本演变的重要一环,对于我们探寻汉时《毛诗》文本之原貌具有重要的价值。     

摩尼教耶俱孚考——福建霞浦文書研究

《舊約·創世記》中的猶太人之祖雅各在希臘文《約瑟禱文》、科普特文《埃及人福音》、《九姓回鶻可汗碑》粟特文殘片、摩尼教中古波斯文祈禱文、伊朗語贊美詩中化身爲天使,在希臘文咒文與護身符中成爲人們祈求的天神,在敦煌摩尼教漢文文獻《下部讚》中被稱爲"頭首大將耶俱孚",在福建霞浦文書中則被稱爲"俱孚元帥"、"耶俱孚大將"或"俱孚聖尊",成爲護法天神之一。雅各從以色列人之祖逐步演化爲中國民間宗教護法的曲折過程,誠爲中西文化交流史引人入勝之一例。     

释《韵镜》“邪＂纽

中古音系统的《大广益会玉篇》、《切韵》、《广韵》、《集韵》、《礼部韵》、《韵镜》、《七音略》等述中的“邪”纽应归于几等?明代邵光祖《切韵指掌图》之《检例》中云：“精清两头为真的。”说“邪”纽有一、四等。清际江永《四声切韵表》中《等位图歌》也有：“舌齿之头一四等”,“有禅三等有邪四。”     

张彦远与《历代名画记》研究

张彦远为唐代著名画家、绘画理论家,书法家、书法理论家。其所著《历代名画记》,为我国古代第一部系统而完备的有关绘画艺术的通史。书中除了对绘画艺术的自我阐释外,还保存了大量中古及中古以前的绘画史料。张彦远对绘画艺术的阐释见解精微,对绘画史料的辑录鉴别精审。故其人备受后来者的好评,其书被后人誉为画史中的"《史记》"。     

唐传奇《柳毅传》的历史人类学解读

《柳毅传》(《洞庭灵姻传》)是中古时期一篇脍炙人口的文学作品,在文学界得到长期关注,而历史学者通过对文学作品的分析提出对历史的新解,也有顾颉刚和陈寅恪的研究作为典范。倘若先不从文本入手,而从生活世界出发,观察前人很少注意到的社会-文化现象,然后再来重新审视耳熟能详的文本,会发现一些新的方法路径和问题假设。由此,可以发现《柳毅传》的内容包含了对中古时期南方湖区水上人/商人的社会-文化情境的隐喻。以田野工作作为文本解读的基础,也正是历史人类学方法的题中应有之义。     

折戟沉沙铁未销,自将磨洗认前朝——读力之教授《〈楚辞〉与中古文献考说》

力之教授《〈楚辞〉与中古文献考说》是一部逻辑严密、材料翔实的论文集,三十二篇论文分别在《楚辞》和中古文献领域构建起完整的研究体系。全书始终站在＂以古还古＂的立场上,在历史语境中考察问题。该书特点大要有三,曰：探共性,辨众说,溯源头。     

从曹植怨妇诗看《文选》和《玉台新咏》的选诗意义

梁代诞生了我国中古时期两个最重要的文学选本——《文选》和《玉台新咏》,且对后世文学产生了深远影响,但《文选》和《玉台新咏》在诗歌选录上却表现出巨大的差异。本文从曹植的闺怨诗、弃妇诗入手,从两选本差异之处发掘两选家不同的伦理道德观、审美价值观等,进而从各自独特的文学批评方式中找寻选本沿用千百年来的深层意义。     

对《内蒙古十通·绥远通志》的批评

得知《绥远通志》作为《内蒙古十通》之一出版发行的消息,笔者与许多关心内蒙古史志事业的同志一样,十分欣喜。笔者于史志之学本是门外汉,又非绥远当地人,浏览之后,却发现此书问题较多,心情不免沉重起来。笔者以为,这与编者《序》中所云历史要如实追记和《凡例》中承诺的“以葆入志资料的客观与真实性”相距甚远。如此,则所谓“确保志书的严肃性和权威性”也就成了一句空话。现仅就《绥远通志》（以下简称《通志》）的几个主要问题提出一些不成熟的看法,以与编者商榷。     

文王演《周易》的真相

《周易》的历史,《汉书·艺文志》有著名的“人更三圣,世历三古”说。这是说,《周易》一书,经历了上古的八卦阶段,中古的六十四卦阶段,下古的《易传》阶段。而八卦为伏羲所画,六十四     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.