长江中游地区商时期铜器窖藏研究

本文对商时期长江中游地区的铜器窖藏进行分析,指出商周时期长江中游地区铜器窖藏具有收藏性质,窖藏铜器的主人是荆楚民族。     

河南焦作嘉禾屯铜器窖藏年代及相关问题

1989年3月在河南焦作市西嘉禾屯林场出土一批窖藏铜器,共41件,品类丰富,造型精美,十分难得。该窖藏未见陶器、砖瓦和铭文资料伴出,断代有一定难度。本文通过对嘉禾屯窖藏铜器形制的比较研究,认为该窖藏年代在西晋末年,在八王之乱和随后胡族南下至河内一带之际,铜器的主人为避难匆忙埋就。该窖藏主人具有较高的身份等级。嘉禾屯铜器窖藏为研究汉晋时期中原地区贵族日常生活和日用器具提供了宝贵的资料。     

喀左铜器群再分析:从器物学模式到行为考古学取向

本文通过分析喀左铜器群的文化归属,指出大、小凌河地区的铜器窖藏应由多次自中原地区不同地点输入的青铜器组成,被游牧民族作为威望物使用,而铜器窖藏的出现和游牧生活周期相关,因此喀左铜器群可能标志游牧文化的南缘。本文列举在分析青铜器的文化归属上的器物学、考古学和人类学范式,指出只有通过行为考古学模式,才能全面复原铜器窖藏形成的多个环节。     

简论扶风五郡西周窖藏出土的青铜器

陕西扶风五郡西村西周青铜器窖藏与这一地区常见的西周青铜器窖藏有一定的区别,尤其表现在这批青铜器强烈地表现出各自的文化特征。本文通过对该窖藏青铜器与周边同类青铜器及相关陶器的比较,探讨了该窖藏青铜器自身独有的特征及来源问题,认为这批铜器的器主及作器者并非按周人通常流行的铜器纹样、形式制作,而是广泛吸收了外来文化因素。     

周原出土伯公父簠

1977年8月,扶风县黄堆公社云塘生产队社员在村南何家沟崖边铲土,发现西周铜器窖藏一处,出土伯公父簠一件。这处窖藏在1976年1月发现的西周铜器窖藏以南,相距仅二十多米。     

江油发现精美宋代窖藏铜器

江油市厚坝镇柏胜犀牛村发现三件大型铜器。铜器型制较大,制作精美,从其纹饰造型来看,结合江油白果寺遗址和彰明镇北街窖藏出土铜嚣比较分析,应为宋代窖藏仿礼器。     

山东章丘小峨嵋山发现东周窖藏铜器

山东章丘小峨嵋山发现东周窖藏铜器１９９２年４月,章丘市园林绿化队在小峨嵋山植树时,从树穴中挖出３件青铜器,立即报告了博物馆,经现场考察后确认是一东周铜器窖藏,随即进行了清理。小峨嵋山位于市区东南部,西邻市医院,北傍体育场,现为桃花山公园所在地。窖藏位...     

再论确山县竹沟镇窖藏青铜器的国别和族属问题

1983年河南确山竹沟出土的窖藏铜器在学术界引起热烈的讨论,关于其国别、族属的争论一直是一个热点问题,本文检讨了以往诸家之说,对这批铜器进行了新的考辨。     

辽宁朝阳南塔街出土的金代窖藏文物

1995年5月,在朝阳市南塔街发现了一处金代窖藏.窖藏出土文物96件,其中陶瓷器9件,石器13件,铜器73件,骨器1件.     

1961年张家坡西周铜器窖藏的族属及相关问题研究

1961年10月,陕西省长安县沣西公社张家坡村发现一西周铜器窖藏。明确该窖藏所出伯庸父鬲、筍侯盘、伯梁父簋、伯喜簋、伯百父盘的作器情况,对探究窖藏主人族属问题及其所属国（族）对外交往情况大有助益。张家坡西周铜器窖藏主人为某姞姓国（族）之长。该国（族）在当时政治地位较高,与姬姓筍国存在联姻关系,同时与丰丼叔氏交往甚密。窖藏反映出的联姻交往状况一方面为西周时期“姬姞耦”提供新的材料证明,另一方面证实西周时期地缘性因素在畿内各诸侯国（族）的联姻交往中具有重要影响。     

Context,Continuity, Correspondence,and Continental Connections: New Approaches to the Ironwork Hoards of Roman Britain

For over forty years the study of Roman ironwork hoards in Britain has been defined by a single study by Manning (1972). This article summarizes the wealth of advances made since that publication regarding the distribution, context, and contents of these hoards, highlighting how these alter our understanding of them as a continuation of Iron Age practices. Furthermore, by looking at British hoards at a European level for the first time, we see that British and Continental hoards are closely related. Using Correspondence Analysis to produce new groupings based on content, which crosscut those proposed by Manning (1972) based on distribution, the article provides the first analysis of the entire contents of these hoards. Finally, a discussion of hoard contents is used to examine the potential significance of the artefacts deposited.     

Evidence of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Denmark

Abstract

The Late Bronze Age hoards (12th–6th centuries B.C.) from Denmark are examined as evidence of the existence of social ranking in that prehistoric society. The hoards contain bronze weapons and ornaments which seem to function as sumptuary goods and appear to be ranked according to regular rules. The hoards also represent economic wealth and include objects of ritual importance. This intersection, in single finds, of material reflections of the political, religious, and economic systems in the society, along with the inferred existence of social ranking, suggests the presence of a prehistoric chiefdom in Denmark in the Late Bronze Age.     

Theory,Disciplinary Perspectives and the Archaeology of Later Medieval England

Abstract

In the year 2000, a lead canister and a penny of Henry III were recovered during a watching brief on a site in Colchester which is within 13 m of the find spots of two 13th-century coin hoards buried in similar canisters. While the container found in 2000 may have held a third such hoard (later recovered), it may also have been used as a floor safe. The site has connections with the Colchester Jewry, who were probably the principal agents in the handling of money and deposition of hoards on this site. The single penny may be simply a coin lost on a site where money changed hands in large quantities, or (speculatively) the only survival from a recovered hoard.     

The effect of soil conditions on the long-term corrosion of buried tin-bronzes and copper

The object of this work was to relate the corrosion of tin-bronzes to the chemical condition of the soil in which they have been buried, most of them since the Bronze Age. Naturally, it was not easy to obtain recent hoards with their related soils, and considerable reliance had to be placed on recorded finds by taking recent soil samples from sites on which hoards were found over a hundred years earlier. Even so, with the exception of peat, a reasonable relationship appears to exist between the pH of the soil and the state of the metal. Acid soils are aggressive to metals and alkaline soils are benign. In no cases were sulphate reducing bacteria active in promoting corrosion. In the main, peat and peaty soils were benign in spite of their acidity, probably due to the protective action of polyphenols.     

Coins,Forts and Commercial Exchanges in the Sixth‐ and Early Seventh‐Century Balkans

The nature of settlements in the sixth‐century Balkans is a matter of current debate. Amphorae and hoards of iron implements and weapons have been discussed in relation to this controversy. A key problem is that of the use of coins in an economic environment without any large‐scale agricultural production. While hoards of coins have been analyzed in relation to the presence of the military in the Balkans, single finds of coins remain a category of archaeological evidence commonly neglected in discussions of the sixth‐century economy. The article offers an explanation connected with the quaestura exercitus implemented in 536, and its conclusion is that the small copper denominations discovered on hilltop sites in the Balkans were not obtained on the market (none existed in any of the many hilltop sites known so far), but piggybacked on transports of annona.     

Branded Axes,Thrown into a Pool? The Hoogeloon Hoard and the Shape‐Based Bronze Economy of the North‐West European Bronze Age

One of the biggest challenges for students of the European Bronze Age is to understand the reason behind the massive deposition of large amounts of recyclable metal in non‐metalliferous regions. Such depositions are particularly puzzling when material was buried in a manner which directly seems to denote trade itself, in so‐called ‘trade hoards’. Based on observations on a recent find of such a hoard, in Hoogeloon (NL), we move to an overview of Bronze Age metalwork economy in general and the deposition of trade stock in particular. We argue that Middle Bronze Age metalwork circulation in North‐west Europe may be understood as an aes formatum system, with the serially produced axes in hoards displaying a koiné having a particular social evaluation: a ‘brand’. We suggest that objects were selected by brands for their deposition in the landscape and that this ‘ritual’ act was integral to the ‘practical’ economy of circulation.     

X-ray fluorescence analysis of late Roman and Sassanian silver plate

About 200 analyses have been made on late Roman and Sassanian silver objects using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This has shown that the main feature of the composition of the silver throughout the period and across the geographical area studied was towards high fineness (average silver percentage about 95%). Compositional differences are found between Roman and Sassanian silversmiths' products for the elements copper and lead. Much of the material analysed came from hoards, and using a statistical technique on the analytical data (Discriminant Analysis) broad compositional differences between hoards were found to emerge. The use of different compositions of silver for different joined parts of a single object are discussed.     

SEALED SILVER IN IRON AGE CISJORDAN AND THE 'INVENTION' OF COINAGE

Summary. Recent finds of hoarded silver in Cisjordan present new material for the consideration of the conceptual history of coined metals. When the fundamental concepts associated with coinage are abstracted from the various objects that express them, it is possible to see that a kind of coined metal existed in Cisjordan and other parts of the Near East prior to the traditional 'invention' of coinage by the Lydians and Greeks c. 600 BC. ¹ Both hoards and written sources indicate that seals affixed to precious metals at times qualified them in a numismatic sense by guaranteeing weights set to standards as well as controlled composition. What has been characterized as the 'invention' of coinage was rather an adaptation of these same principal concepts. The frequency and size of silver hoards from Cisjordan point to a proliferation in the 'monetary' use of silver in that region during the Iron Age and suggest a relationship to the overwhelming preference for silver coinages among the Greeks.     

BARBAROUS RADIATE HOARDS: the INTERPRETATION of COIN DEPOSITS IN LATE THIRD-CENTURY ROMAN BRITAIN

Summary: The episode of prolific coin hoarding in Roman Britain between c. 259 and 287 has never been fully explained. This paper looks at a major group of these hoards; those recognised as containing irregular antoniniani. Two distinct sub-groups are identified, which are shown to have non-random, almost mutually exclusive, distributions. an explanation for coin hoarding is considered which associates the location of certain deposits with the spread of coin use to new, marginal, areas of Britain.     

Athenian owls and the royal Macedonian monopoly on timber

The aim of this article is to show that the reason for large numbers of Athenian tetradrachms being part of hoards buried in southern and south-eastern Asia Minor, mainly Cilicia, is related to the supply of timber for the Athenian fleet. From the reign of Perdikkas II to the beginning of the Hellenistic period, Athens was only able to import timber from Macedonia for a very limited number of years and so Macedonia could not be Athens's regular timber supplier.