浅谈文史资料的社会功能

文史资料工作从创建至今,已经过了38年的风雨历程,并取得了丰硕的成果。它已成为人民政协工作的重要组成部分,是新时期统一战线的重要内容,也是一项重要的文化建设事业,是社会主义精神文明建设的一个重要方面。随着时间的发展和政协人员构成的变化,文史资料的范围也逐渐扩大：从时间上看,它已从建国前延伸到建国以后;从空间上看,它已由大陆扩展到港、澳、台地区和海外;从内容上看,它也由选辑型向专题型、系列型、精品型的方向发展;从发行来看,它也由内部转向了公开。这些变化既体现了文史资料的不断发展,也说明它适应了社会主…     

清代广西地方志编纂及其特征述论——以府志为中心

清代是广西修志的鼎盛时期,地方志编纂日趋成熟。从编纂思想主张上看,目标明确,立意深远;从时空分布上看,波浪起伏,东多西少;从编纂人员及组织上看,官绅配合,分工明确;从编纂体例上看,体例成熟,与时俱进;从编纂内容上看,内容全面,价值丰富;从编纂特色上看,凸显民族,重视边疆。清代广西地方志编纂意义重大,具有重要资政、教化和史料价值。     

第一轮修志以来台湾地方志研究概述

笔者对近四十年来两岸的台湾方志研究进行整理、分析,从方志学研究体系出发进行概括、归纳,认为两岸学者的台湾方志研究有同有异。从微观上看,两岸学者研究内容、研究方法和研究者分布上都存在差异;但从宏观上看,台湾学者的台湾方志研究与大陆学者的台湾方志学研究都属于方志学的范畴。加强两岸方志研究者的交流,构建方志文化共同体,是促进台湾地方志研究的必由之路。     

准确审题的三条捷径

中考作文命题,从内容上看一般会暗合时代热点,又不会直接表达;从形式上看会延续本土风格,但又不会一成不变;从难度上看不会设置太大的审题障碍,但又会体现测试的梯度。这些特点,都会巧妙地体现在作文试题里。怎样才能练就命中“靶心”的审题本领呢？下面提供最为实用的三招。     

略论唐代学术史的时代特征

唐代学术有其独特的发展环境和多方面的成就。从形式上看,唐代学术表现出浓重的注疏学特征;从内容上看,三教合流及趋向于心性之学是其时代特色。唐代学术是处于汉学和宋学之间的学术,这不仅表现在时代的自然连接上,而且表现在学术传承上。     

谈谈新版“概论”的几个特点

新版"概论"有三大鲜明特点:从功能上看,体现了政治性与科学性的高度统一;就内容而言,实现了理论与实践的有机结合;从结构上讲,达到了整体性与独立性的自然和谐。把握好这三大特点,是高质量开好"概论"课的关键。     

礼俗融会的书院文化空间

在中国古代书院的文化空间中,礼与俗呈现出共存与互动的状况。从书院建筑看,书院的建筑实体、形式以及空间格局充分体现了儒家的价值理念,熔铸了儒家的价值追求,但其中民俗文化层面的内容也多有体现,尤其是风水观念的影响不可忽视;从书院祭祀看,书院祭祀主要是为了体现儒家道统意识、反映时代学术风尚,但其中也包括与功名利禄相联系、追求多发科第、祈望平安福报的内容。书院文化空间上的礼俗互动与融合,是书院士人内在观念世界的外化。     

台湾文学与大陆的关系

台湾文学是中国文学的一个分支。首先是基于历史渊源上的关系,无论从地缘还是血缘上看,台湾与大陆都有渊源关系。另外,从内容和形式看,台湾文学与中国文化是母体关系。但是台湾文学又有其"地方性知识"色彩。     

《山》《海》《荒》经的比较——《山海经》研读札记之三

《海经》、《荒经》从字上看与《山经》风格相近,但从内容上看,与《山经》的差别很大。前已说明,《海》、《荒》二经是同一题材的不同版本,它们的共同性是主要的,故先把《海》、《荒》放在一起来讨论其与《山经》的差异。     

明洪武年间湖南卫所设置的时空特征

明初,在湖南地区设立的卫所不仅数量众多,而且属性复杂,具有其独特的时空特征。从时间上看,湖南卫所的设置集中在洪武前期和洪武后期;从空间上看,湖广西南部、湘西北、湖南南部等不同区域因各自的地理环境和民族分布差异而表现出相应的空间特征。此外,从卫所分布的空间特征加以把握,可将明代湖南卫所划分为腹地卫所和边地卫所两大类型。在边地卫所中,又可进一步区分为交通型、控御土司型、防瑶型卫所。     

骊山景区年内客流量峰林结构及成因分析

本文以西安市骊山风景名胜区为例,运用该景区2007年逐日客流量统计数据,分析了景区客流量年内变化规律及影响因素,研究发现:①景区客流量年内变化折线图形成优美的峰林结构,具有明显的分形特征,呈现周期性、相似性、对称性等特点;②年内客流量存在周内、月内和季节等不同时间尺度的变化,并且以周为基本变化单元,由周变化组合成月变化,月变化组合成季节变化;③在影响景区客流量年内变化的因素中,天气与气候舒适度的变化是主要的自然因素,人们工作与休闲制度是主要的社会因素。本研究,一方面深化和完善了有关旅游流时间变化规律的认识,另一方面也为景区做好旅游接待、合理调控客流量提供了科学依据。     

Spectral behaviour of TIDs detected from rapid sequence ionograms

The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of ionosonde observations in the study of the spectral evolution of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). An inversion method is introduced to yield the spatial and temporal variation of the ionospheric velocity from data of modern ionosondes or rapid-run ionosondes. Some inversion results of rapid sequence ionograms are spectrally analysed to obtain the height- and time-dependent power spectra of TIDs, and the evolution of these spectra is discussed in detail. It is found that spectral peaks shift regularly with time. As time increases, the peaks of the lower frequency components or those at the lower heights tend to shift towards lower frequency, while those of higher frequency or at higher altitudes lend to higher frequency. This property is explained by the current dispersion theory of atmospheric gravity waves. It is concluded that the spectral behaviour of TIDs can be well studied by using ground-based HF techniques, such as ionosonde observation.     

Disturbances in the lower ionosphere caused by a low altitude nuclear explosion

Observations of the lower ionospheric disturbance caused by a low altitude nuclear explosion are presented. A forward scatter radar, frequency 41 MHz, power 2.5 kW, was used to study these disturbances. The first radar scattering signal consisting of three peaks appeared 40 s after the explosion. It was due to early ionization by delayed y-rays. The second kind of disturbance generated after 190 s was clearly different from the first. The scattering signal had a constant component which indicated a strong specular reflection. The field strength increased by more than 20 db. This disturbance was produced by the direct shock wave. The third kind of disturbance began after 8 min, lasted 5.0 min, and was probably dominated by the fireball/smoke cloud oscillation when it reached its stabilization altitude and approached hydrodynamical equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere. Using numerical computation techniques, we have explained the above results well.     

从骆谷道到佛坪厅——秦岭深处的天与人

秦岭山高谷深阻碍南北交通,古人为穿越茫茫秦岭,开拓了多条道路。环太白山南麓的骆谷道即以南山捷径、险象环生而闻名。随着人类活动范围的扩大、林木采伐区域的推进,自明中后期,骆谷道已衍生出多条路径,依山就食者众多。清乾隆中后期,流民涌入南山老林,以刀耕火种、砍伐林木维生。清廷于此地设立佛坪厅,将厅城建在骆谷道中段之佛爷坪,以发挥安抚流民、剿灭匪患、控制要道、稳定边防的作用。但资源消耗型的生产、生活方式,对自然资源无尽索取,最终导致水土流失、灾害频发的生态危局,佛坪迅速衰落。加之匪患频仍,在生态、生存双重危机下,最终导致县治迁移。     

Altitude and latitude dependence of the equatorial electrojet

The effects of day-to-day or seasonal variation of altitude and latitude profiles of the Elayer plasma density in the equatorial ionosphere on equatorial electrojet (EEJ) structure are examined numerically using a self-consistent and high resolution dynamo model. It is found that variations in the E-layer peak altitude and amplitude and its gradient below significantly affect EEJ structure. For any realistic shape, the EEJ peak appears at or below the E-layer peak altitude. Distinct double peaks appear in the EEJ structure, such as revealed by rocket measurements, if the E-layer peak is above 105 km or the gradient is large, as when sporadic-E is present. The influence of the latitudinal variation of ionospheric field line integrated conductivities upon the amplitude and altitude of the EEJ peak is demonstrated.     

Propagation of error formulas for K/Ar dating method

In this paper has been derived the most relevant propagation of error formula in the case when argon peaks are measured. The most frequently cited formula published by Cox and Dalrymple deals with the isotope ratios, instead of isotope peaks heights, considered as independent variables.     

德藏晚清吉林《蜂蜜山招垦四至地图》考释

德藏《蜂蜜山招垦四至地图》以晚清时期蜂蜜山附近及穆稜河流域为中心,详细描绘了该地区的山峰、河流、湖泊、聚落及交通线等地物,具有重要的区域史料价值。该图产生于晚清吉林东部地区移民实边、设局招垦的历史背景下,精准反映了边疆危机中该地区的开发进程。通过静态的地图解读历史断面,结合地图之外动态的宏观历史背景,有助于更加深刻地理解晚清吉林边疆地区的历史进程。     

Lightning return stroke electric fields above ground

The vertical and horizontal field wave shapes derived from the Liènard-Wiechert potentials for a lightning return stroke are presented. The calculations were performed for ranges from 50 m to 5 km and altitudes from ground level up to 10 km, assuming a finitely conducting ground. It was found that the finite ground conductivity affects the fields at close ranges and lower altitudes. It was also found that the effect introduced by considering the Liènard-Wiechert potentials is to increase the initial field peaks and the time to peak. The maximum deviation in peak fields observed due to this effect is 40%.     

Sourcing of sanukite stone implements by X-ray fluorescence analysis

Both powder analysis and non-destructive analysis of original sanukite stones and sanukite implements were carried out by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of a non-dispersive type. Fluorescence peaks of eight minor elements (K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Rb, Zr, Y and Sr) were obtained and ratios of peaks were used as indices of characteristics of the samples. Original stones taken from eight different sources in Western Japan showed large inter-source deviations of these ratios compared with intra-source standard deviations. Non-destructive analysis was carried out by a similar procedure and the effect of different shapes of the samples on these ratios was sufficiently small for the allocation. Sanukite implements excavated in seven archaeological sites were analysed without destruction and all but one sample were allocated to their sources.     

Persistence of birefringence and specific collagen cross-links in dentine of teeth of the ‘Nuraghi’ population living in Sardinia BC 1500–1200

Well preserved bones of the Nuraghi population, discovered in 1980, are deposited in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy of the University of Sassari, in Sardinia, Italy. The Giant Tomb belongs to the megalithic monuments constructed in the period BC 1500–1200. The origin, history and the fate of Nuraghi population is not well known. Many cone-shaped fortresses are found in Sicily and megalithic monuments for burial purposes were built in their proximity. Due to the good macroscopic preservation of the mineralized parts of the Nuraghi skeletons we decided to compare the histological and biochemical structure of the recovered Nuraghi teeth with contemporary ones. Crown dentine of four Nuraghi molar and four premolar teeth were analysed and compared with contemporary molars and premolars removed for orthodontic reasons from 17–40-year-old patients in the Dental School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill USA. Evaluation of the collagen cross-links of dentine collagen was performed using a HPLC technique to analyze for hydrolysates. Nonreducible, stable cross-links pyridinoline and its lysyl analogue were quantified by fluorescence (excitation 330 nm, emission 390 nm). The concentration of reducible, labile cross-links referred to as DHLNL and HLNL (dehydro-dihydroxylisinorleucine) were identified and calculated by chromatography after the application of NaB³H₄ with integration of respective peaks and converting the numbers into a residue per mole of collagen basis. The ultrastructure of collagen was estimated by its persistent birefringence in polarized light after staining with Picrosirus Red. It was found that dentine collagen of Nuraghi teeth resisted environmental factors sufficiently well to preserve the molecular ultrastructure of collagen fibres, proved by their birefringence and by the preservation of some of the stable and reducible collagen cross-links, characteristic for skeletal tissues. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.