尧舜禅让故事的考古学研究

尧舜禹诸集团在中原地区的具体活动范围及文化特征不尽相同 ,且相互拥有较强的独立性 ,但却无法降低尧舜禅让故事的可信度。以龙山城址为中心的扇形聚落群所构成的聚落群同盟等 ,进一步从考古学角度证实平等式联盟可能是尧舜禅让事件发生的社会基础。而禅让制的废除则应是中国早期国家及中原政治一体化进程步入新阶段的重要标志。     

红山文化的聚落群聚形态与辽西区文明的发生

红山文化的聚落群聚形态研究是近年来学者们关注较多的一个问题。聚落群聚形态不仅包括单个聚落的形态布局,还包括聚落群的层级分化以及与此相关的族群构成、社会组织、文明的萌生等问题。这一问题的研究伴随着红山文化聚落资料的丰富越来越受到学界的重视。在梳理红山文化聚落群考古资料的基础上,对典型聚落遗址进行分析。最后对红山文化聚落群聚形态反映的社会组织形态及其相关问题进行探讨。红山文化聚落分层现象显著,社会复杂化特征明显,说明红山文化已进入古国阶段。     

姜寨第一期房屋遗迹的初步考察

本文对姜寨第一期房屋遗迹进行初步考察,确认了构成姜寨第一期聚落的5组房屋群之间的分界、各组房屋群的数量,每组房屋群皆由大型、中型和小型的房屋组成,且以小型房屋数量最多,中型和大型房屋数量较少.同时了解到各组的房屋建筑形式均以圆形地上和方形半地穴为主,而且房屋呈向心分布,门向均朝向聚落中心的中央广场.姜寨第一期聚落俨然是一个完整的史前社会组织.     

河南仰韶文化聚落群研究

作者依据《中国文物地图集·河南分册》,将河南境内的仰韶文化遗址大体区分为37个聚落群,并根据每个聚落的大小,分别区分为特级聚落、一级聚落、二级聚落和三级聚落.河南仰韶文化聚落群的宏观考察,对黄帝时代文化的研究具有重要价值.     

Arc View地理信息系统在中原地区聚落考古研究中的应用

文章以实例的形式详细介绍使用ArcView地理信息系统开展聚落考古研究的具体方法。通过对中原地区仰韶文化晚期以来聚落演变情况的观察 ,尤其是对王湾三期文化聚落形态的分析 ,认为王湾三期文化的聚落形态存在两种不同的基本模式 ,它们之间既构成一个整体又显示出自身由北向南的扩张过程。这些结论初步显示了地理信息系统在聚落考古研究中所能发挥的重要作用     

盘龙城聚落布局研究

<正>目次一遗存的时空架构二聚落布局及其阶段性变化三从盘龙城看商代城市布局的若干问题盘龙城是夏商时期一处重要的遗址,是二里头、二里冈文化向南扩张过程中在江汉地区形成的规模最大的中心聚落。遗址包括城址、大型建筑与墓葬等高等级遗存,保护区面积近4平方公里。多年的考古工作表明,盘龙城遗址文化堆积主要分布在多个岗地上,并由此构成一个遗址群,其外在形态与中原地区同时期大型遗址颇不相同~[1]。因此,研究盘龙城聚落的布局     

中原史前聚落分布与特征演化

中原地区的史前聚落有2000余处,有丘岗台地型、河谷阶梯型、平原台地型等几种.在不同的区域,聚落类型有所不同,大致可分为五大区域.以防御设施的有无为标准,中原史前聚落可分为初步发展期的聚落即少有防卫设施的聚落,快速发展期的聚落即环壕聚落以及嬗变期的聚落即城垣聚落群.     

新中原中心论

仰韶文化聚落、大聚落、聚落群的数量之多 ,聚落群产生之早 ,均为同期文化望尘莫及。史前聚落群先是高级阶段的部落 ,后是古国 ,经历了从部落到国家的发展过程。仰韶文化占有全国新石器文化的“花心”地位     

陕西仰韶文化聚落群的启示

本文根据《中国文物地图册·陕西省分册》所提供的资料对陕西仰韶文化聚落群进行研究。陕西仰韶文化聚落群共 74个 ,聚落遗址 1 91 8处 ,可分为特级聚落、一级聚落、二级聚落和三级聚落 ,展示了金字塔形的社会等级结构。尤其是以庙底沟类型为主体的聚落群 ,为我们研究当时的社会性质提供了重要信息。     

天水至郑州间仰韶文化晚期聚落群与中心聚落的初步考察

本文依据目前的考古调查、发掘等资料,以史前人类近水而居、沿河建村为原则,将仰韶文化晚期的重要分布地——天水至郑州间的聚落遗址划分为12个聚落群,并将聚落分为特大型、大型、中型与小型聚落。认为凡中型以上的聚落都可能是本聚落群的中心聚落,也可能是若干个聚落群所组成的更高一级的中心聚落。在仰韶文化晚期,联邦已开始形成,这个时期可能正处于中国古代文明因素的孕育阶段。     

The Transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age: Excavations at Vésztö-Bikeri,Hungary, 2000–2002

Abstract

The transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain (ca. 4500 B.C.) coincides with dramatic changes in house form, settlement layout, settlement distribution, and mortuary customs. These changes affected nearly every aspect of social organization—from the organization of households and villages to the distribution of cultural groups across the landscape. Our current understanding of the various changes that occurred during this important transition is hindered by a lack of systematically excavated settlement sites dating to the Early Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain.

The results of three years of excavation at an Early Copper Age settlement located in the Körös River Valley suggest that, in contrast to the Neolithic, craft activities on Early Copper Age sites are segregated in different parts of the settlements. This general pattern of increasing economic specialization occurs throughout SE Europe at the end of the Neolithic and is associated with a tendency towards increased integration of economic and social units in settlements during the Copper Age.     

PINE BARRENS AND POSSUM’S RATIONS: EARLY ARCHAIC SETTLEMENT IN THE NORTH CAROLINA SANDHILLS

Abstract

Competing models of Early Archaic settlement in the Southeast propose broad-scale organization conditioned by either lithic raw material availability or seasonal exploitation of biotic resources and social interaction. We offer a view from beyond the quarries and away from the river with data from the North Carolina Sandhills, a unique physiographic zone of the interior Coastal Plain. Analysis of the distribution of Early Archaic sites at Fort Bragg, including posited upland base camps, raw material use, and application of GIS least-cost path analysis, suggests intensive interriverine settlement, with watershed divides serving as conveyance corridors between high-quality toolstone areas in the Piedmont and resource blooms in the Coastal Plain. Some settlement changes are evident within the Early Archaic sequence, including a gradual shift from logistical to residential mobility and infilling of the local landscape. In the proposed Sandhills model, biocultural needs, social interaction, and requirements for high-quality toolstone are identified at the local band level. Mobility and settlement are considered to be broadly structured by networks of interriverine trails between the major resource areas of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Aspects of both the bandmacroband model and Uwharrie-Allendale model apply to the Early Archaic record of the Sandhills, but with closer affinities to the latter.     

中原文化与河南区域竞争力关系研究

区域文化在影响区域竞争力诸要素中扮演着越来越重要的角色。中原文化博大精深,源远流长,历史上曾经对河南甚至整个中国的经济产生极大的影响,但在全球化迅猛发展的今天,其文化中一些消极因素所带来的惰性与锁定效应,对河南省区域竞争力产生不利的影响。文章分析了中原文化对河南省区域创新能力、产业竞争力和市场竞争力的影响,提出了振兴中原文化,提升河南区域竞争力的对策和建议。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEOLITHIC AND COPPER AGE SETTLEMENT IN THE GREAT HUNGARIAN PLAIN PART II: SITE SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT DYNAMICS

Summary. Within the region of the Great Hungarian Plain (discussed in the first part of this article) the processes of settlement change can be followed in greater detail from site survey in the Szeghalom area. This central part of the Plain, drained by the Körös and Berettyó rivers, was a major focus of settlement in Neolithic times (6000-4000 BC), and its rising importance can be followed in the emergence of a series of wealthy 'supersites'. During the succeeding Copper Age, the character of sites altered as the role of the area in relation to the rest of the region began to change. Around 3500 BC a dramatic shift in settlement patterns coincided with the appearance of large tumuli of steppe type, which mark a new phase of land use in this region.     

中原地区民俗特色文化概述

中原是中国文化的发祥地,这里集中沉淀了丰富、多元的民俗文化,并对该地区的经济、政治、生活等都产生了深刻的影响。中原民俗文化具有典型的原始性特征,它大致包括三个方面:物质民俗文化、社会民俗文化和精神民俗文化。由于中原长期是中国政治、经济、文化的中心,民俗文化不断地向外辐射、扩散,又不断地融合、吸收外来的民俗文化,再向外辐射、扩散,使中原民俗文化成为中华民俗文化的核心和基础。     

The chronology of Neolithic dispersal in Central and Eastern Europe

We analyze statistically representative samples of radiocarbon dates from key Early Neolithic sites in Central Europe belonging to the Linear Pottery Ceramic Culture (LBK), and of pottery-bearing cultures on East European Plain (Yelshanian, Rakushechnyi Yar, Buh-Dniestrian, Serteya and boreal East European Plain). The dates from the LBK sites form a statistically homogeneous set with the probability distribution similar to a single-date Gaussian curve. This implies that the duration of the spread of the LBK is shorter than the available temporal resolution of the radiocarbon dating; therefore, the rate of spread must be larger than 4 km/yr, in agreement with earlier estimates. The East European sites exhibit a broad probability distribution of dates. We identify in these data a spatio-temporal sequence from south-east to north-west, which implies the rate of spread of the initial pottery-making of the order of 1.6 km/yr, comparable to the average rate of spread of the Neolithic in Western and Central Europe. We argue that this spatio-temporal sequence is consistent with an idea that the tradition of the initial pottery-making on East European Plain developed under an early impulse from the Eastern Steppe.     

Settlement Form and Evolution in the Central Highlands of Scotland,ca. 1100–1900

Since 1996, archaeologists from Glasgow University have been involved in a research project on the north shores of Loch Tay in the Central Highlands of Scotland. This work—known as the Ben Lawers Historic Landscape Project—was specifically focused on medieval and later settlement remains. For the purposes of this paper, the results of the archaeological work are contrasted with work from similar sites elsewhere in Scotland. The sweeping changes in tenurial, social and cultural spheres, known as the Improvements, of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are considered in relation to the preceding six hundred years.     

The Ben Lawers Historic Landscape Project: Simultaneous Multi-element Analysis of Former Settlement and Arable Soils by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) was used in the analysis of A horizon soil samples collected from a former farming settlement and its associated area of infield (i.e. arable) located in the Central Highlands of Scotland. To date, XRFS has not been extensively used in geoarchaeological research, but in our study the simultaneous multi-element capabilities of this instrumental technique allowed the total concentrations of 25 major, minor, and trace elements to be fully quantified with acceptable levels of accuracy and precision. Included within this group of chemical elements are a number (e.g. Ba, Ca, P, Pb, Sr and Zn) that have proved to be of value to archaeological interpretation in earlier investigations undertaken in Scotland. In our preliminary work documented here, significant differences were found between the A horizon soils of former settlement and infield areas for 18 chemical elements. Subjecting the XRFS data—and three other measured variables: soil organic carbon (SOC), pH and A horizon depth—to discriminant analysis indicates that soils of former settlement and arable farming can be effectively classified according to their pH, SOC content and Ca, Cu, Mg, Rb, and Zn concentrations. The inference is that areas of former infield and settlement elsewhere at this study location in the Central Highlands may be able to be identified according to their soil chemical composition and use of discriminant function, even though the surface remains of pre-eighteenth century settlement sites are not readily evident today because they were constructed of perishable materials.     

Investigation of past archaeological landscapes using remote sensing and GIS: a multi-method case study from Mount Ida,Crete

Spatial analysis in geoarchaeological applications can be improved by implementing a wider set of geoecological parameters, in order to provide more precise results. The aim of the paper is to show how geoscientific ground-truth and techniques can be adopted for detailed archaeological studies using a comprehensive set of environmental variables that might have influenced ancient settlement patterns. The project focuses on spatial patterns of archaeological sites as well as Bronze Age communication paths in Central Crete by applying a multi-method approach (surveying, remote sensing, DEM analysis, least-cost analysis, candidate site detection, predictive modelling, etc.). In contrast to conventional archaeological GIS applications this enhanced strategy offers promising prospects regarding landscape and settlement modelling.