神奇的天路,带我们走进人间天堂

清晨我站在青青的牧场,看到神鹰披着那霞光,像一片祥云飞过蓝天,为藏家儿女带来吉祥;黄昏我站在高高的山岗,盼那铁路修到我家乡,一条条巨龙翻山越岭,为雪域高原送来安康……每当听到这首美丽动人的歌谣,我们就无不向往那茫茫雪域、青青草原、蓝天白云,还有那奔放的歌舞、牧人、     

They Fear Us,yet Cling to Us: Russian Negotiations with Tsushima Domain Officials during the 1861 Tsushima Incident

Over six months in 1861, Commander Birilëv of the Russian Navy constructed a base on the island of Tsushima and attempted to negotiate with local domain officials to turn the island into a Russian protectorate. While official Japanese documents, including Tsushima reports to the Tokugawa government in Edo, claim they vigorously resisted these most unwelcome Russian efforts, Birilëv records the Tsushima officials themselves as the ones who first requested Russian patronage. How can we reconcile these two dramatically different versions of the same event? Due to the relatively isolated position of Tsushima, separated from mainland Japan by the sea, the Russians incorrectly believed they were dealing with a borderland that could be detached from the Tokugawa polity, or even with an independent state, tied to Japan merely by flimsy ‘feudal’ bonds. At the same time, Tsushima officials, afraid of antagonizing the volatile Birilëv, resorted to various stratagems that were misinterpreted by him as signals of desire to switch feudal overlords. The resultant negotiations reveal much about international diplomacy across different political cultures in mid-19^th century Asia, the influence of Russia on the development of the Japanese polity, and the conduct of gunboat diplomacy at the apogee of European imperialism.     

America's Germany: Present at the Creation

Thomas Alan Schwartz. America's Germany: John J. McCloy and the Federal Republic of Germany . Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1991. xiii + 404 pp. Notes, illustrations, selected bibliography, index. $29.95.     

爱好旅游能健体 喜欢摄影快乐多

<正>我平生喜欢旅游,退休以后又开始学习摄影。旅游摄影以其独特的魅力,让我大开眼界,尽情享受生活的乐趣。我们外出旅行的目的不仅是为了欣赏名胜古迹、人文景观,更是为了亲近那一片大自然。当飞机载着我们离开地面,掠过白云,尽情享受翱翔乐趣之时,时常有一种抑制不住的激动萦绕于怀。感谢现代交通工具的发达,是发达的科技让我们看到世界的美妙和宇宙的苍茫。古人云:"读万卷书,不如行万里     

回归自然的净土 根河湿地

<正>走进亚洲第一湿地走进内蒙古呼伦贝尔额尔古纳市的这片湿地,应该是第二次。第一次是在12年前,当年,额尔古纳的一个朋友陪着我们来到这里,那时的根河湿地完全是自然的状态,还不是现在的公园。从那时起,这条湾河,还有这个环形湿地,成了我脑海里一个永驻的瞬间,长久的回忆。12年后我站在陌生的栈道上,不远处"亚洲第一湿地"的碑就伫立在公