EMBRACING NEW LIFE-LIFE STORIES OF FOUR ORDINARY TIBETANS

<正>March 28th,Serf Emancipation Day in Tibet.It was a beautiful spring day on the plateau.In the river valleys and in the mountains,the farmers awoke the sleeping earth with their ploughs,and the herdsmen drove their cattle leisurely under the blue sky....In Shexing Village of Mar Township in Tohlung Dechen County in Lhasa,91-year-old Droma Yudron sat by     

TIBETANS IN INDIA

Becauseofthisban,Tibetancompatri-otswhohavebeenleadinganexilelifeinIndiaforslongareverycuriousaboutandinterestedinlatestdevelopmentsinTibet.DHARAMSALA.DharamsalaiswhereTibetancompatriotsaremostconcentrat-ed.DuringmyrecenttriptoIndia,thetightschedulemadeit…     

TIBETANS WITH THEIR DOGS

Bring ethnic Tibetans and their dogs together and you will get an inextricable union. The earliest dogs descended from wild beasts of prey- being fierce,tough,strong,and prepared to fight to death against any rival.However,having been tamed by human beings,dogs became companions to mankind and could form a strong bond     

LIFE VALUE OF TIBETANS IN OLD TIBET

Article9ontheLifeValuesays:"Manisclassifiedintoupper,middleandlowerclasses,andeachclassisclassifiedintoupper,middleandlowerranks."Upper-classpeopleincludedtheTibetanking,LivingBuddhas,monkandlayofficialsandthenobility;Middle-classpeopleincludedgovernmentclerks,monksandmerchants;andLower-classpeopleincludedpeasants,blacksmiths,butchers,fishermen,hunters,celestialburialmasters,shallandpotterymakers.AccordingtotheCode,whenthekingwaskilled,hisbodywasvaluedingold;butthelifevalueofvagrants,blacks…     

IT IS TIBETANS WHO WILL SUFFER

YoungTibetanslivingoverseasknowlittleaboutthehistoryofTibet,andhavealmostnoknowledgeaboutthedevelopmentofrelationsbetweentheHanandtheTibetans.Theyvowtodiefor'Tibetanindependence'.However,the'Tibetanindependence'isadisasterfortheTibetans.China'shinterlandstandsbehindtheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentinTibet.IfTibetdoeshavewonindependence,whoistoaidTibet?Nepal?India?Theyhavetheirownbusinesstodo.OnlytheTibetanswillsufferfromthischange..IT IS TIBETANS WHO WILL SUFFER…     

RETURNED TIBETANS SAY:"Hometown Is Better

ManyTibetansresidingoverseashavereturnedtovisit,Whentheyleft,TibetwasaIandfilledwithmiseryandnotallbuiIdings.Butwhentheyreturned,theyfoundaworldofhappinessandalandpliedwithbustlingmotorvehicles.Seeingallthesedevelop-ments,theoverseasTibetansallcametothesameconcIusion:"Ourhometownisbetter."YearsagowepaidavisittoouruncleLamaSanggViinIndia.WeIefttheGonggarAirportinLhasaandreachedKathmanduinNepaliniustafewhours.WestavedwithLamaQoizha,readytogothrouqhtheProceduresforourvisittolndia.Unfort…     

A PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING INPUT ENERGY SPECTRA FOR SEISMIC DESIGN

In this paper, the damage potential of an earthquake ground motion is evaluated in terms of the total power of the acceleration of the ground motion. By assuming an appropriate spectral shape for the input energy spectrum, and using the well-known Parseval theorem for evaluating the total power of a random signal, the peak amplification factor for the equivalent input energy velocity spectrum can be determined. It is shown that the peak amplification factor for the input energy spectrum depends on the peak-ground-acceleration to peak-ground-velocity ratio and duration of the strong motion phase of the ground motion. Values for the equivalent input energy velocity amplification factor vary from about 2 to 10 for most of the recorded ground motions used in this study. Although a considerable scatter of data is observed in this study, the peak amplification factor predicted by the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the ground acceleration provides a fairly good estimate of the mean value of the peak input energy compared to that determined from inelastic dynamic time history analyses, particularly for systems with high damping and low lateral strength. The peak amplification factor derived in this paper provides a more consistent approach for estimation of seismic demand when compared to an earlier empirical expression used for the formulation of duration-dependent inelastic seismic design spectra, even though only a slight difference in the required lateral strength results from the use of the new formula.     

A NEW LIFE FOR FARMER TSASI

正Although China went through some major reforms during the 1980s,many people feel as if their situations have yet to change at that time.This is particularly true for those living in remote rural areas in the Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR),where it seems nothing has happened.Nevertheless,Tsasi was among one of the first to sense the wind of reform.Many left their uncultivated land behind     

SOURCES FOR VALLEY-FILL ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS: BELLA COOLA RIVER BASIN, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Changes in the grain-size distribution and the lithologi-cal I mineralogical properties of sandy-gravel sediments are used to discriminate between sources for the alluvial valley-fill of Bella Coola River, coastal British Columbia. Spatially variable bedrock sources, ranging from highly resistant quartz monzonites to easily weathered basalts, yield sediments that reflect parent rock characteristics. Local increases in the D₉₅ fraction of bulk gravel samples and the D₅₀ fraction of sand samples can be related to inputs from steeper, heavily glaciated tributaries, or those underlain by fractured basalts of the Fraser Plateau. Where there are similarities in the grain-size properties of the source and the sampled deposit, however, grain-size information alone cannot be used to discriminate between sources. The lithology of Bella Coola alluvium shows a close correspondence with the general distribution of rock types in the basin, suggesting proportional contributions from most tributary sources over the long term. However, sand samples from the floodplain have a mostly volcanic affinity, indicating the dominance of sediment derived from headwater tributaries underlain by this rock type. Admixture of plutonic source sediments is evident in lower Bella Coola River adjacent to alluvial fans, heavily glaciated tributary creeks or rock walls comprised mainly of quartz monzonite. Les changements dans la granulometrie et les proprietes lithologiques et mineralogiques des sediments de gravel sablonneux servent d differencier les sources des depéts alluviaux de la Riviere Bella Coola sur la céte de la Colombie-Britannique. La variation spatiale des sources fondamentales donnent des sediments qui refletent les caracteristiques de la roche-mbe variant des quartz rnonzonites très résistants aux basaltes superficiellement altérés par les agents atmospheriques. Les augmentations locales dans la fraction D₉₅ des echantillons de gravel et la fraction D₅₀ des echantillons de sable peuvent être reliees la contribution des tributaires aux pentes plus escarpees et fortement glaciaires ou ceux qui traversent les basaltes fractures du Plateau Fraser. Cependant, quand il y a des similitudes dans la granulometrie de la source et le dépôt-échantillon, l'information granulometrique seule ne peut pas 6tre employee pour differencier les sources. La lithologie des alluvions de Bella Coola montre une correspondance avec la distribution générale des types de roches dans le bassin, suggérant des contributions proportionnelles des sources tributaires a long terme. Cependant, les échantillons de sable des plaines sujettes à inondations ont en grande part une affinité volcanique, indiquant que la dominance du sédiment provient des tributaires qui traversent ce type de roche. Une addition de sediments de sources plutonique est evidente dans le bas de la Riviere Bella Coola adjacent aux eventails alluviaux, aux ruisseaux tributaires affect& par une forte glaciation, ou aux murs de roches qui comprennent principalement des quartz monzonites.