STAYING TRUE TO THE CAUSE AND GATHERING THE POWER OF LOVE——A RECORD OF THE ONE HEART PROJECT AFTER THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

正May 12,2008,is a day that surely lives on in infamy in the minds of many.The story of the Wenchuan earthquake,however,did not end when the rumbling stopped.People from all walks of life and all over China came together as one,doing everything necessary to provide assistance and rebuild the county from the rubble.At that time,Wenchuan was the epicenter of not only an earthquake,but also of the Chinese heart,and like a seed     

THE TINY PAINTINGS OF THE BUDDHIST WORLD——A RECORD OF LIU ENJUN AND HIS TSAKA PAINTINGS

<正>EDITOR'S COMMENTARY This special column consists of devoted fans of Tibetan culture. They have spent their life,their energy and their finances to eagerly collect and preserve unique Tibetan traditional culture while virtually also enjoying the spiritual and material happiness which those treasures bring to them.From now on,this journal is going to invite Chen Dan to contribute her detailed and delicate stories about collectors of Tibetan artifacts one by one,     

DONKEY FODDERS OF THE HOUSE OF THE LADY AND DECLINE OF URUKAGINA＇S REGIME FROM HIS FIFTH YEAR

In JAC16, I have discussed the development of the House of the Lady in Girsu from the rule of Enentarzi to Lugalanda according to the ration lists of the House,which include the fodder lists, and concluded that Urukagina was the legal successor of Lugalanda and there might not be the so-called “reforms of Urukagina” in Lagash and Girsu. In this article, I would like to continue to investigate the kinds, number and fodders of the donkeys from the rule of Enentarzi to the end years of Urukagina and tried to find the clues for the decline of Lagash under Uruka~ina.     

OVER THE WATER AND ACROSS THE DESERT – TRANS-SAHARAN CONTACTS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD IN THE 6TH AND 5TH CENTURY BC

After presenting the picture of Africa in Mediterranean minds of antiquity,this paper seeks by ways of a combined interpretation of the periplus of Hanno and Herodotus’logos on the Nasamones to investigate Carthaginian and Greek knowledge about the trans-Saharan routes und contacts of the 6th and 5th century BC.Further comparison with recent archaeological discoveries from the Iron Age in Senegal,the Niger Bend and Lake Chad illustrate that these sites were the destination of travellers from the North and that universal geographical theses concerning the course of the river Nile provided fundamental patterns of explanation and orientation for ancient explorers.Finally,it is considered why any further explorations both of the Inner African hinterland and the western seaway around the African continent were suspended in Antiquity.     

YOU DO NOT LISTEN TO ME FACE-WORK AND THE POSITION OF ＇SENIOR＇ SCRIBE OF THE NECROPOLIS？

1. Introduction
The administrative title ＇scribe of the necropolis＇ （ss n p3 hr^1） is a well-known and well-studied aspect of New Kingdom scholarship.2 For the duration of the royal necropolis at Thebes （1550-1069 BCE.）, today known as the Valley of the Kings, the scribe of the necropolis was responsible for keeping daily accounts of the work undertaken at the site, and supplying and distributing rations for the general workforce. Other duties are also documented including the delivery of goods and supplies to the village of Deir el-Medina,     

THE TIBETAN ANTELOPE——TRAVEILER ACROSS THEROOF OF THE WORLD

<正>We stand on a ridge at 5200m in the Changtang or‘Northern Plain' of the Tibet Autonomous Region.The grey-brown and barren hills around us are alive with thousands of Tibetan antelope or chiru,known also as tsi.     

RECONSTRUCTING THE ROYAL FAMILY OF RAMESSES Ⅱ AND ITS HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

A systematic examination of Ramesses Ⅱ's large family of over 100 children and at least a dozen wives reveals that the Great Royal Wives Nefertari and Isetnofret, along with their children, enjoyed a privileged status within the hierarchical structure of the royal family. Nefertari owed her supreme status to being mother of Ramessse Ⅱ's first born son Amunhirkhopeshef, while Ramesses Ⅱ was still crown prince under Sety I. Isetnofret's sons and daughters were also favored because she gave birth to the second born son Prince Ramesses Jr. Isetnofret herself did not enjoy prominence on the monuments until after the death of Nefertari, nor was she buried in the Valley of the Queens. The remaining offspring of these wives also benefited from the prestige of their mothers and eldest brothers. Other early wives gave birth to the majority of Ramesses Ⅱ's children, but these women are now completely anonymous. Other attested wives of the king include his five daughter-wives and two Hittite Princess-brides. No other Egyptian wives are known for Ramesses Ⅱ. Monumental sources that privilege Queen Nefertari, and the children of both Nefertari and Isetnofret, reveal a hierarchical structure of the royal family.     

THE QING COURT＇S POLICIES TOWARDS NATIONALITIES, RELIGIONS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LAMA BANNERS

I.The Development of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia and the Qing Court＇s Policies towards Nationalities and Religions
During the late Ming Dynasty （Altan Khan＇s reign in Northern Yuan）, the Gelug Sect, one sect of Tibetan Buddhism （the Yellow Hat Sect）,2 prevailed in Mongolia once again, and soon after that, the local people embraced it. Until the first half of the I7th century, all the Mongols in the north, south and west of the Gobi Desert accepted the Gelug Sect, However,     

THE CONCEPTS OF “LI(礼)” AND “FA(法)” AS WELL AS THEIR LEGAL EXPRESSION IN ANCIENT CHINA AS SEEN IN THE EXCAVATED QIN AND HAN DOCUMENTS:A DISCUSSION OF THE THEORY OF THE CONFUCIANIZATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE LAW

<正>I.The problem of the relationship of li and fa in ancient Chinese law Because of differences in culture,an independent law system,the Chinese Law System,came into being with its differences from other law systems of the world,which are represented by the Continental Law System(also known as the Code Law System)and Anglo-American Law System(also known as the     

THE PUBLICATION OF--＂BANQUETS OF WISES-THE TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF TUBO＂

<正>Bawo Tsukla Chengwa(1504-1566) is the author of Banquets of Wises (in Tibetan,it is Lho-brag-chos-vbyung for short).The book has five volumes of which the mo...     

EASTER ISLAND： THE EVOLUTION OF ITS CULTURE UNTIL THE DESTRUCTIONS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

1. Introduction
Since the first time Easter Island was explored, scholars have been arguing and speculating about the date of the natives＇ arrival, the nature and purpose of the larger statues, its actual number of inhabitants, the reasons for the progressive deforestation of the island, etc.     

THE LAUNCHING CEREMONY OF OTHER-EMPTINESS AND THE B UDDHA-MA TRIX：CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF JO-NANG-PA FIGURES,DOCTRINE, ICONOGRAPHY AND HISTORY HELD iN BEiJING

The new book launching ceremony was held in Peking University on June 13th, 2014. Morc than twenty Chinese and forcign scholars attended the ccremoriy. The book was chiefly edited by Prof. Shen Weirong from Renmin Universily of China and published by Peking University Press.     

NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE INCANTATION OF MAQL SERIES

There has recently been a marked revival of interest in what many generations of Assyriologists called 憁agic?and 憌itchcraft literature?a revival in which the names of T. Abush1 (1974, 1986), G. Cunningham2 (1998), M. Geller3 (1985), A. Livingstone4 (1…     

MILESTONE OF ABOLISHING THE FEUDAL SERFDOM——EXHIBITION FOR THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF DEMOCRATIC REFORM IN TIBET HELD IN BEIJING

正To commemorate the 60th anniversary of democratic reform in Tibet, the photo exhibition named"Milestone of Abolishing the Feudal Serfdom-Exhibition for the 60th Anniversary of Democratic Reform in Tibet"was opened on March 29th, 2019at the Tibet Cultural Museum in Beijing.By nearly 400 pictures, 68pieces (sets) of physical objects     

THE COLLECTION OF TSINGHUA BAMBOO SLIPS （TBS） AND THEIR SCHOLARLY VALUE

1. The Acquisition of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips （TBS）
The so-called Tsinghua Bamboo Slips （TBS） are a collection of writings on bamboo strips from the Warring States period, which were acquired in 2008 by Tsinghua University. Before the invention of paper, Chinese people used silk and bamboo slips or wood as writing materials,     

THE ANONYMOUS NASA AND NASA OF THE ANIMAL CENTER DURING SULGI 44-48 AND THE CAMEL （GU-GUR5）, HUNCHBACKED OX （GUR8-GUR8）, UBI,HABUM AND THE CONFUSION OF THE DEER （LULIM） WITH DONKEY （ANSE） OR SEG9

1. The Anonymous Nasa in the Accounts of the Individual Delivery for the Deities before Sulgi 47＇ ii＇ （47 vii）/13
40 years ago, T. Jones and J. Snyder, in their groundbreaking Sumerian Economic Texts from the Third Dynasty, 1961, found a mysterious and anonymous predecessor of Nasa, who we know as the general manager or receiving official of the Animal Center of Sulgi in Puzris-Dagan （modem Drehem）, which has been a subject of study for researches of the Ur III Period for many years.     

＂HELEN OF ARGOS＂ AND ＂ARGEIOI＂ IN THE ILIAD - OBSERVATIONS ON THE FORMULAIC LANGUAGE -

In his article ＂Argos andArgives in the Iliad＂ （1979） Robert Drews argued for reviving an idea, first brought forward by William D. Geddes in 18782 and later on fully developed in Paul Cauer＇s ＂Grundfragen der Homerkritik＂, according to which the origins of heroic poetry and of the Iliad in particular are to be sought in the less civilized northern regions of the Mycenaean world, especially in the realms of Thessaly. This area was known to the composer of the Catalog of Ships as the ＂Pelasgic Argos＂; this was the home of the people called Hellenes and Achaians, who set out against Troy with 50 ships led by Achilles （Ⅱ.Ⅱ 681-685）.     

THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS? GENOMIC HISTORY AND THE RETURN OF RACE IN THE STUDY OF THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN

This article discusses the impact of genomic history, a subdiscipline that emerged in the study of the ancient Mediterranean in the 2010s. In 2014, scientists first published a method for extracting genetic material, which they christened aDNA (ancient DNA), from ancient human remains in hot climates. After a decade of research, genomic history is now poised to transform our understanding of Mediterranean premodernity, centering migration and conflict as the key mechanisms for cultural change. Despite years of critique, aDNA researchers have failed to seriously examine the bioessentialist assumptions implicit in their work—a failure that has led many to deploy language that is strikingly evocative of pre-World War II racialism. Even worse, some genomic historians continue to make troubling overtures toward the ethnonationalist Right, which has been ascendant across Europe and North America since the 2010s. This article traces the intellectual genealogy of genomic history from World War II to the present, examines recent attempts to answer criticism from the humanities and social sciences, and suggests paths for responsible use of aDNA in historical and prehistorical scholarship.