PROBLEMS IN THE SPATIAL REDISTRIBUTION OF STREAMFLOW

A report on a 1974 conference on interbasin transfers from Siberia to Central Asia compares the alternative stream-diversion projects west and east of the Urals and finds that north-south interbasin transfers in the European part of the country have a better chance for early implementation than the diversion from Siberia to Central Asia. The author urges consideration of a unified water-management system within the European part of the Soviet Union that would make it possible to dispatch streamflow from one basin to another much as electric power is transmitted through interconnections between power grids. Such an interconnected water-management system would be based on the premise that runoff volumes tend to be nonconcurrent in the various drainage basins of the Russian plain so that surplus runoff from “donor rivers” (Pechora, Northern Dvina, Onega and the lakes Onega and Ladoga) might be channeled southward to “consumer rivers” (Volga, Don, Dnieper and Ural).     

GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF A TERRITORIAL REDISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE USSR

A set of principles for a geographical research program relating to the future impact of major interbasin water transfers is outlined. Such a program, evaluating the impact of proposed tranfers both in the European USSR and in the Midland Region of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia, should be based on the following considerations. Noneconomic criteria, such as the environmental impact of water transfers, must be given as much attention as economic and engineering criteria. Experience suggests that any measures designed to protect or ameliorate the environment, for example, inland fisheries, should precede actual water-project construction by at least 15 to 20 years. North-south transfers should be so designed as to benefit both the northern region, from which water is to be withdrawn, and the southern region, where water resources are to be enhanced. The problem of interbasin transfers should be accompanied by a program of intensification of water use, measured by a reduction of water input into the economy per unit of output. Water use can be intensified by such measures as shifting grain production from south to north and building irrigation reservoirs in Central Asian mountains to regulate runoff.     

西安市人口的分布变动研究

基于三次人口普查数据,对西安市80年代以来的人口分布变动进行了系统研究。结果表明:西安市在20世纪80年代便已形成"中心区人口减少、内圈和中圈人口快速增长、外圈人口低速增长"的区域差异格局,90年代这种区域差异格局更明显。通过人口分布模型的回归拟合,尝试性预测了西安市未来人口分布的趋势。结果显示:2010年西安市人口分布的峰值将出现在距市中心约2.5km的城墙与二环线之间。最后探讨了西安市人口分布变动的促进机制。     

PONAPE: A PACIFIC ECONOMY IN TRANSITION: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Ponape: A Pacific Economy in Transition. A Review Article. By William R. Bascom. Anthropological Records, Vol. 22. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, U.S.A., 1965. Pp. 156. Price $US; 3.     

商业地理研究的理论与方法回顾

归纳国外商业地理研究的理论和方法:传统商业地理学分①人类生态学的模式,对商业中心及商圈(腹地)形态进行定性划分,②社会物理学派的模式,研究商圈的定量测定与比较,③中心地理论,建立商业中心及商圈的等级体系;现代商业地理学方法上把行为地理学、时间地理学、结构主义地理学的研究方法应用到商业地理研究中来,并且和中心地理论相结合。概括和归纳我国二十几年来商业地理的研究现状,对比国外。论述我国商业地理研究的趋向:①CBD及主要商业中心的规划研究,②商业地理学的人本化,③研究商业的连锁经营对商业地理发展的影响,④研究虚拟空间和虚拟商业,⑤研究中外商业地理比较,⑥研究传统理论下商业地理细化研究和动态,⑦研究商业地理信息系统的应用研究。     

REGIONAL POPULATION REDISTRIBUTION IN THE USSR: 1979-84

This paper examines regional redistribution and population growth rate trends in the USSR from 1979 to 1984, and compares them to preceding intercensal trends for 1959-70 and 1970-79. Total and regional rates of population change for 1979-84 were generally lower than in preceding periods. The most pronounced regional shift continues to be toward rapidly growing Central Asia, which has surpassed the Center as the most populous Soviet region. However, Central Asia now has net out-migration, and the degree of shift to Central Asia was less than during 1970-79. Between 1979 and 1984 a noticeable northward and eastward shift occurred. In particular, there appeared to be a resurgence of Siberia. After two decades of decline, the share of the Soviet population residing in Siberia increased between 1979 and 1984. Another notable development was the slowing of the rate of rural population decline, especially in the Non-Chernozem Zone of European USSR and in Siberia. It is possible that policies to promote migration to Siberia and to stem rural depopulation may be having some effect. The shift to cities in general and large cities in particular, however, continues. (The author would like to thank Robert Lewis for his useful comments and Jane Rowland for her excellent typing).     

中国互联网与区域经济

文章运用指数定律分析了中国互联网的域名地区分布、地区人均国内生产总值分布和地区人口分布,得出的结论是:中国互联网分布是地区人均国内生产总值的反映,与地区人口分布联系不大。这证实了互联网与区域经济的紧密相关性。研究中还发现,中国互联网仍然处于高速增长期;最后给出了中国互联网增长的速度,以及到达成熟稳定时期所需的时间。     

REGIONAL GROWTH IN THE SOVIET ECONOMY A MODEL AND ANALYSIS*

A multiregional econometric model of the Soviet economy is presented. It consists of 1,391 equations, with time-series information for 1965-1980. In conformity with the number of the country's republics, 15 input-output tables are incorporated. The discussion includes the methodological framework, the structure and equations, theoretical justification for the interaction between the econometric and input-output components, data and estimation, and forecasting results.     

西方经济地理学关于全球化经济的理论演化综述

清晰的理解全球化经济如何演化是一项非常紧迫和艰巨的任务。传统的经济地理学主要通过国际劳动分工理论解释全球化经济。但二十世纪九十年代以来的外购和及时生产等新的生产组织方式的出现,使得全球经济体系变得愈加复杂。西方经济地理学家开始将其他相关学科的理论和方法论(如资源基础理论、嵌入理论、行为者网络理论等),应用于全球化的研究中,构建了一些新的全球经济的分析框架,例如全球价值链、全球商品链和全球生产网络,体现了经济地理学新的发展方向-"关系"经济地理学。这些链/网络的分析框架在多学科领域引起强大的反响,使得西方经济地理学的学科地位得到很大提升。     

上海城市功能与人口郊区迁移的特征和影响分析

随着我国进入城市化发展高峰期,城市产业功能和人口的郊区化趋势日益显著,速度不断加快。在我国特有的城乡二元化管理体制下,郊区化过程中城市人口与产业功能的郊区迁移对城市结构转型以及郊区城市化具有怎样的影响仍需要进一步探讨分析。本文根据区县一级的城市建设与人口等相关统计数据,总结近十年来上海城市功能和人口郊区迁移过程中城市空间结构转型的主要特征,分析郊区化对郊区人口城市化、城镇建设与产业发展的影响作用,辨明其中存在的主要问题,并从城市功能布局合理化和促进郊区发展的角度出发提出对策建议。     

A COLLECTIVE APPROACH TO PRODUCTION LIFTS THE ECONOMY OF A SMALL VILLAGE IN NORTH TIBET

<正>An improved income for a tiny village in a sparsely populated area of Northern Tibet,where about 90 households are living,is the result of taking a collective approach to production over a number of years.The people of the village are living in spacious and comfortable houses where they can access both radio and television programs. One day in summer,we set off from the Tsonyi Special Zone and drove northward,passing towns and villages,to arrive at the legendary nomadic township of Gyatso.