繁昌窑的兴衰

本文以繁昌柯家冲窑为基点展开论述,揭示繁昌窑被发现、被认知的过程,阐述了繁昌窑与传世名画的关系,繁昌窑与周边同时期窑址烧造(青)白瓷的可比性,以及繁昌窑(青)白瓷发展的三大原因:市场需求、技术迁移、工艺先进。同时讨论了繁昌窑衰落的三大原因:瓷土品质粗劣、战争频繁带来经济滞后、防御水灾的能力较弱。     

繁昌县骆冲窑遗址的发掘及其青白釉瓷的创烧问题

一骆冲窑遗址的发掘繁昌窑是一处大家熟知的青白瓷窑口,窑址位于安徽省江南的繁昌县城关镇南１公里柯家冲境内。骆冲窑遗址是在柯家冲窑之后发现的,它位于城关镇西北４公里的阳冲行政村境内,与柯家冲窑相距５公里左右,两处应是一个窑的群体。１９９５年１１月中国古陶瓷研究会年会暨学术讨论会在繁昌召开,会议代表们参观考察了柯家冲窑址,也有一部分学者自发地考察了骆冲窑遗址,并认为骆冲窑的产品质量好于柯家冲窑的产品质量。９６年为配合“应用磁法勘探地下文物”的研究项目,５月选择了骆冲遗址作为测试对象。９、１０月对其进行…     

从繁昌窑青白瓷的创烧探究青白瓷起源

繁昌窑在五代时期始烧青白瓷,是目前已发掘最早专烧青白瓷的窑口。本文试图结合唐末五代的社会背景、移民南迁等情况,对当时盛行的北方定窑白瓷与繁昌窑青白瓷的器表特征、纹饰特点、烧造方法和化学组成等方面进行系统的对比研究,以期进一步探究青白瓷的源流。     

试析繁昌窑与景德镇窑青白瓷发展之关系

繁昌窑是目前已发掘的最早的专烧青白瓷的窑口,也是青白瓷早期的生产中心;景德镇窑青白瓷应是在宋初随着南唐国衰亡逐渐崛起,至宋中期景德镇窑取代繁昌窑成为南方青白瓷的生产中心,进而形成以景德镇窑场为核心的青白瓷窑系。繁昌窑和景德镇窑青白瓷生产之间存在技术传承关系;在景德镇窑青白瓷的崛起过程中,南唐国和繁昌窑功不可没。     

河南巩义市白河窑遗址发掘简报

2005年4月至2008年3月,河南省文物考古研究所与中国文化遗产研究院合作,对巩义白河窑进行了考古发掘。清理窑炉6座,灰坑、灶、沟等110余个。该窑址首次发现了烧制白瓷和青瓷的北魏窑炉及其产品、以及唐青花瓷器和唐三彩马俑等,取得了重要的考古收获。     

景德镇早期窑业的探索——兰田窑发掘的主要收获

本文依据景德镇浮梁县兰田窑窑址考古发掘资料,探讨了9~10世纪景德镇窑业的生产状况。首先介绍了兰田窑的基本情况和发掘的概况,并根据兰田窑大金坞窑址的发掘简报和万窑坞窑址初步整理的成果,探讨了景德镇早期窑业的三个问题。第一,根据万窑坞窑址发掘清理的五代早期窑炉遗迹,结合乐平南窑清理的晚唐时期龙窑,浮梁盈田凤凰山窑址清理的北宋早期窑炉,初步总结了景德镇地区早期龙窑从长变短,坡度从缓到陡,建筑方式从土筑到砖砌的变化趋势。第二,根据兰田窑发掘的地层,将景德镇地区9~10世纪的窑业分为5个发展阶段,并根据初步的整理结果对5个发展阶段的时代进行推断,总结了各期的基本面貌和特点。第三,万窑坞窑址地层出土资料显示,9~10世纪景德镇生产的主要瓷器品种青绿釉、青灰釉、白釉等各类器物,在所有地层中均同时出土,表明这三类器物的生产不存在早晚相继的关系,而是同时生产的不同质量和特点的器物。同时,从这三类产物的胎釉特征制作工艺、器物造型及装烧方法等观察,其分别受到了江西洪州窑、浙江越窑和北方地区白瓷生产技术的影响,也有少量长沙窑的工艺特征。     

景德镇早期青白瓷的器型与色度

早期青白瓷是学术界关注的热点之一。2006年发掘的铜锣山、道塘里窑址被认为是景德镇地区最早烧造青白瓷的窑业遗存。借助类型学和色度学方法,本研究对两窑出土早期青白瓷进行了系统分析和研究。结果表明,所谓的早期青白瓷,绝大多数更接近于定窑白瓷,而明显不同于典型的湖田窑青白瓷。研究为了解景德镇地区早期青白瓷的釉色特征、技术来源与发展脉络提供了重要的科学线索,为进一步研究景德镇早期青白瓷的缘起与演进奠定了基础。     

福建德化佳春岭窑出土的陶瓷器

德化窑是我国古代南方的重要窑场之一,始烧于唐代,以白瓷著称于世。考古工作者曾于1953年、1966年、1976年、1987年先后对德化窑进行考古调查,采集了大量标本。特别是1976年4-8月,福建省博物馆、厦门大学与当地联合,对碗坪仑、屈斗宫窑址进行了考古发掘,为研究德化窑提供了重要的实物资料。佳春岭窑又称“家春岭窑”,位于德化县三班镇桥内村,靠近永春县,属德化窑系。其时代为宋元时期,主要烧制外销瓷。该窑址的窑炉坐落在两座小山中间的山坳里,遗址南面有一     

河南省禹州市神垕镇下白峪窑址发掘简报

下白峪窑址位于河南省禹州市神垕镇,发现于1977年。但长期以来未对其进行科学发掘。2001年11月北京大学中国考古研究中心、河南省文物考古研究所联合对该窑址进行了考古发掘,发掘材料表明,下白峪窑是一个以生产质量较差的黑釉和青黄釉瓷器为主的唐代窑场,花釉瓷器是窑场中的精品。像下白峪这样的窑场在晚唐时期的广泛出现,是瓷器从主要面向上层贵族变为广大民众普遍使用的一种日用器具的重要体现。     

湖田刘家坞“枢府窑“清理报告

景德镇湖田窑窑区内的刘家坞窑址,因过去出土过印有双角五爪龙纹的高足杯和缠枝花间印有“枢府”款的枢府瓷碗盘,被陶瓷考古界公认为烧造元朝官府用瓷的重要窑址,甚至被认为是元朝“枢府窑”的所在地。但由于刘家坞窑址是全国重点文物保护单位,四周建有保护墙,对刘家坞窑址的考古工作只能局限于考古调查,不能进行考古发掘,使得大家对刘家坞窑址的认识,一直停留在八十年代初发表的《景德镇湖田窑考察纪要》①一文的认识水平上,对刘家坞窑址的地层堆积情况及其文化内涵认识不是很清楚。1999年6月,由于连续暴雨,造成刘家坞窑址北面…     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.