二十世纪前三十年的华北植棉业

宋元之际棉花传入中国,明清时期得到了初步发展,逐渐替代桑蚕业成为主要的经济作物之一。在明清发展的基础上,进入二十世纪二、三十年代后,由于棉种的改良与推广,国内近代机器纱厂的勃兴和华北日益加深的农业危机,尤其是华北近代铁路网的兴建等诸多因素的共同影响,华北地区植棉业迅速发展,棉田面积与原棉产量大幅度增加,并出现了专业化生产的趋势,一些棉花生产专业区逐渐形成。     

大革命时期的察哈尔农民协会

察哈尔农民协会是大革命时期中国共产党在华北地区创建的第一个农民运动协会,察哈尔农民协会简介,张家口建立华北第一个农民协会的历史条件。     

多视角透视抗日战争从局部到全面爆发的历史轨迹——《华北抗日战争史》研究丛书（第一部）评介

由河北省社会科学院历史研究所（河北省抗日战争史研究中心）田苏苏研究员主编的《华北抗日战争史》研究丛书（第一部）近日问世。这是一部以华北地区为中心,重点研究从九一八事变爆发到七七全面抗战这一历史性转变的多卷本新著。以华北地区为核心,全面展示了抗日战争由局部到全国民族抗战局面形成的历史轨迹。     

风流宛在

提到扬州这座城市,很容易想到“扬州三把刀”。扬州作为一座历史文化名城,文化积淀丰富而深厚,这座城市经历了清康乾时期的喧嚣和繁华,也经历了清末到民国的衰颓和落寞。这由盛而衰的转折时期既是这座城市文化心理成熟而固定时期,也正是“扬州三把刀”就砺出鞘的时期。作为谋生手段的“三把刀”显然有着扬州人的辛酸和无奈。手持着“三把刀”的扬州人,透露着那固有的精致和灵性,那样气定神闲、风流俊赏。     

名宦、宗族与地方权威的塑造--以山西寿阳祁氏为中心

本文以明清时期山西寿阳县的祁氏宗族为个案,考察了一个地方大族在基层社会如何运用各种社会资源,逐渐建立其权威的过程.当这种权威逐渐消失后,民众却依然保留着对祁氏权威的历史记忆,继续塑造这一地方权威和利用这一地方资源.通过对这一个案的分析,不仅可以丰富我们对明清时期华北宗族在传统中国基层社会中的生存状态的了解,还能加深我们对明清华北地区的宗族势力与名人资源、地方权威状态与乡村权力结构等问题的认识.     

当代农村集市变化与次县级区域的形成——以湖南省隆回县为中心的观察

在当代农村基础设施建设的浪潮中,农村集市在交通、通讯等现代化设备的影响下也发生了巨大的变化,最底层的农村集市削弱了,部分中心集市的职能也受到影响,只有极少数的核心集镇得到了加强,形成了规模更大的社会经济区域,这就是次县级区域。     

“九·一八”事变前东北电力工业初探

从清末洋务运动至"九·一八"事变前,东北电力工业勃兴并渐成规模。丰富的煤炭资源和便利的铁路交通是其发展的独特优势。随着日俄两国在东北的利权争夺,最终发展为日本独霸的格局。由于受列强压迫,东北民族电力工业只能在夹缝中求生存,但对日本也起到了一定的抵制作用。纵观这一时期的东北电力工业,从主体来看,经历了一个从多元并存到一家独大的过程;从地理分布来看,呈现区域发展不平衡的态势。这一时期东北电力工业的发展,促进了东北的工业近代化和城市化,为伪满时期日本统制东北电力业提供了条件,同时也为战后及新中国东北电力工业的发展奠定了一定的基础。     

晚清华北的集市和集市圈

本文利用华北数十州县的方志,特别是利用形成于光绪早期的《青县村图》、《深州村图》中的丰富资料,对晚清时期华北的集市和集市圈做了较详尽的研究。本文认为,华北各州县集市数量参差不一,甚至差距很大,集市数与州县人口数、村庄数及土地面积的关系,亦无有规则的比率。集市圈即集市与赶集村庄的空间构成,所包含的村庄多至近百村,少则二三村,甚至一村。本文以自己的研究成果对美国学者施坚雅关于中国乡村市场和社会结构的理论、公式提出了质疑。     

民国年间的扬州商会

<正>民国年间,扬州商会是沟通政商的桥梁,肩负管理商业的重任,稳定市场运行,约束商家遵章守纪,维护商户合法权益,调解商界内外纠纷,办理各行业商户开业、变更、闭歇事宜,领发证书凭证,参与契约公证等等固然是其份内之事,而参与重大社会事务,保障地方安定,襄助社会公益事业,也当仁不让,活动十分活跃。商会在民国扬州史上,留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。清末至民国年间扬州商会沿革民国年间的扬州商会,系从清末的扬州商务分会衍变而来。     

韩练成将军在海南

清末民国以来,在西北出过两个影响后世的人物：一个是清代末年的甘肃提督董福祥;一个是国民党时期授予中将军衔、新中国建立后共产党授予中将军衔的韩练成将军。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the