略论明代直南隶修志兴盛的原因

明朝实行两京制度,在南北两京各设有一套中央机构,在两京畿铺设置府州县等行政机构。南京畿辅有应天、凤阳、苏州、松江、常州、镇江、扬州、淮安、庐州、安庆、太平、宁国、池州、徽州等14府和广德、和州、滁州、徐州4个直隶州,称为南直隶,包括今天的江苏省、上海市和安徽省。从汉代以来,这一地区就有方志编修,     

兵燹济难:一二八抗战中世界红卍字会的战地救护工作

1932年1月28日,淞沪战争爆发,该战争持续近40天,对淞沪地区影响颇巨。世界红卍字会于战前迅速开办临时救助机构,制定规章,明确分工,形成了一套完备的慈救体系。战争期间,该会在上海、苏州、无锡、常州、镇江、杭州等地积极从事兵民救护、难民资遣、尸体掩埋、灾区急赈等工作,形成了一张广泛严密的区域工作网络,确保了被难地区最大范围的救护。该次救护为红卍字会在以后开展救护工作积累了丰富的经验,其博爱慈善的人道主义精神当为后人铭记。     

近年来宋代社会救助研究概述

宋代是我国古代社会救助发展创新的重要阶段。官办救助机构实现了多样化、制度化、规范化。民间救助意识增强,在城市、乡村、社区和地方,参与主体广泛,活动形式多样。回顾宋代社会救助发展研究成果,对构建中国特色的社会救助体系有着积极的现实借鉴意义。     

略论明代南直隶修志兴盛的原因

明朝实行两京制度,在南北两京各设有一套中央机构,在两京畿铺设置府州县等行政机构。南京畿辅有应天、凤阳、苏州、松江、常州、镇江、扬州、淮安、庐州、安庆、太平、宁国、池州、徽州等14府和广德、和州、滁州、徐州4个直隶州,称为南直隶,包括今天的江苏省、上海市和安徽省。从汉代以来,这一地区就有方志编修,明代无论是编修种类还是数量,均遥居明代各行政区域之首。目前,较为权威的统计是明代     

唐宋时期脆弱群体的社会救助研究——以残疾人群体为例

唐宋两代是我国历史上社会救助比较完善的时期,社会保障的各个方面都有系统的记述。残疾人群体的社会救助也是其保障的一部分,在政策、典法、制度等都有涉及,关于残疾人群体救助的措施和方式也是比较完备。这一时期的救助继古开今,为后世的社会救助奠定了基础,也为我国社会转型期的救助提供了借鉴,特别是残疾人的救助更是关系到社会整体的进步与发展。     

建国初期南京对旧社会救助机构整合历程

正历史上,对于生活无告、无人侍养的孤老、残疾、嫠妇,以及无人照料的弃婴等弱势群体,通常由养济院、善堂等对其进行供养。晚清时期,西方救助理念东来,游民等也被纳入到弱势群体中,得到救助。但在救助方式上,却异于前者。因为游民多有劳动力,所以在对他们进行救助的过程中,往往授以技艺。民国时期,从事此类救助工作的机构主要有三类:第一类是由国民党中央与地方政府举办的救助设施。第二类是接收国外津贴或直接由国外慈     

关于孙中山来镇江的史实与记述

孙中山来镇江,这是镇江近代史上的一件大事。近20余年来,关于孙中山来镇江的史实基本被认同的有两次,均在1912年。     

5·12汶川地震灾区孤儿预约救助计划

如果您有意于定向帮助灾区孤儿,不论是普通家庭,还是社团机构,请与我们联系,我们将为您收集灾区孤儿情况,实现点对点的爱心救助。请将您的联系方式、基本情况简介,以及救助意向(财物援助、领养或其他方式)告诉我们:     

共和国机电工业的摇篮 老工业基地振兴的前沿

<正>亲民工程: 助民富民乐民安民“亲民工程”正庄建立起区域性、综合性的反贫困救助体系。在全省率先设立了亲民基金,奖金已达500多万元,在全区12 个街道建成了17个“亲民救助超市”,在农村建立了流动亲民超市, 为贫困群众及时提供救助。区机关干部、文明单位等都与贫困户结成了帮扶对子。几年来,为贫困群众发放救助物资价值1300多万元。     

春秋时期各国间的救助

我国的东周包含春秋和战国两个时期,这一时期在我国历史是邦国林立的特殊时期,各个诸侯国家各自为政,在《周礼》中记载的"凶礼"以及"荒礼"都明确地记载了周朝各个宗主国以及诸侯邦国之间相互救助的礼仪,儒家以及墨家等各个诸子学者思想包含了诸侯邦国之间救助的内容。在春秋的记载中,也表明,不仅仅邦国之间进行过各种盟会救助以及签订盟约救助,同时也出现了许多救助实例,比如泛舟之役。即使在天下大乱的春秋时代,邦国之间灾害的救助也往往难免带有强烈的功利主义,可是救灾扶困的事实也表明了即便礼崩乐坏,维系华夏民族生存发展的道德也依旧存在,国家之间的救助多少都减轻了受灾民众的苦难,这为现今我们缓解纷繁复杂的国际关系提供一定的借鉴意义,也为我们提供了极为有利的历史经验。     

西津渡历史文脉及文化价值探析

西津渡是古代长江下游的重要渡口,相关史料主要涉及历史事件、渡口建设和官设机构等方面.西津渡遗址考古发掘揭示了千年古渡的历史面貌和演变轨迹,其文化价值体现在对我国交通史的重要性、遗址时空的完整性以及文化景观的独特性等三方面.     

Classical and Liberal Republicanisms and the New Consumer Culture

United States archaeologists working on the East Coast have recognized a massive discard of consumable goods, such as ceramics and glass, in archaeological contexts that date to the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Explanations for this phenomenon have varied from "changing households" to "style consciousness" to the "Americanization of the U.S. population." I examine the acquisition and eventual discard of consumer goods from several working-class households found at a former industrial armory town, Harpers Ferry. The town is about 60 mi from several coastal port towns and the domestic assemblages display a pattern similar to that of the East Coast sites, although there is a lag of about a decade. While economic models are often used by archaeologists to explain human behavior, cultural patterns are more complex and a variety of phenomena needs to be examined. The growth of consumerism and the eventual massive discard of goods in Harpers Ferry may also be explained by the fall of classical republicanism and the rise of liberal republicanism and romantic ideals in the United States.     

江苏镇江西津渡遗址发掘简报

2008～2010年,镇江博物馆、镇江古城考古所对西津渡遗址进行考古勘探、发掘,发现呈半岛式的古渡遗址,揭示出中唐至晚清渡口石岸、码头及官署遗址,出土带"官"字的建筑砖瓦以及反映渡口特色的各类遗物,为研究古代交通史、古代渡口提供了重要资料.     

A PXRF-based chemostratigraphy and provenience system for the Cooper’s Ferry site, Idaho

Correlating archaeological finds with their associated stratigraphic context is elementary to modern excavation methods. Although micro-contextual approaches can provide invaluable perspectives, ascribing primary depositional status and associative context has traditionally been a qualitative exercise. To improve the empirical nature of this process as part of new excavations at the Cooper’s Ferry site in western Idaho, we established a chemostratigraphic framework that enables us to quantitatively relate the elemental geochemistry of sediments associated with artifacts and other samples back to a master lithostratigraphic sequence. We subjected a total of 151 PXRF readings from six lithostratigraphic units to multiple discriminant function analysis, which led to the identification of characteristic elements. To test the site’s chemostratigraphic framework, we collected PXRF readings from an infilled rodent burrow, which visually appeared to contain mixed sediments from multiple lithostratigraphic units. Statistical analysis could not relate the rodent burrow’s sedimentary geochemistry well to any of the known lithostratigraphic units, thus marking it as potentially disturbed. This methodological approach allows us to make quantitative correlations between stratigraphic units across the site and most importantly, enables us to independently evaluate whether objects from any part of the site are in direct association with “anomalous” or “regular” sediments.     

20世纪中国的社会转型与社会变革的两种思想和方式

在20世纪中国社会转型的过程中,革命与改良(改革)这两种变革思想和方式之间虽然有重大区别,但又是互补的,而且"你中有我,我中有你".两者在不同的历史时期各凸现其主导功能,也会相互转化,不可绝对地厚此薄彼,更不可只肯定一种而否定另一种.事实上,革命与改良是同一部乐曲的"双重变奏",两者的相生相克、相辅相成、交互辉映,共同组成了20世纪中华民族救亡图存、启蒙大众、革故鼎新的历史画卷,共同推进了中国社会的现代化.20世纪最后20多年的改革和发展趋势表明,中国尽管已从根本上摆脱了自我束缚的困扰,但进入新世纪后最需要的是居安思危,力戒盛世意识,增强忧患意识.     

Editorial Guidelines of F.A. Wolf's Homeric Hymns 1

F.A. Wolf (1759-1824) published two editions of the Homeric Hymns, once in 1784 and again in 1807. We find 770 differences between the two editions. A closer look at the differences reveals that the editorial guidelines of the 1784 edition and those of the 1807 edition differ in several places; the seven guidelines differ between the two editions. The guidelines are related to the movable ?, to accent and to orthography. Nearly half of the 770 differences result from differences between the guidelines. The purpose of this paper is comprised of the following two points: first, the author will introduce the differences between the editorial guidelines of the 1784 edition and those of the 1807 edition. An investigation into the differences will show us how Wolf established new guidelines. Secondly, it will be shown why Wolf adopted two different guidelines in these two editions and how former editors treated the guidelines.     

从玉器纹饰看良渚文化宗教信仰中的两类因素

良渚文化的玉器纹饰可分为两类因素和三个主题。两类因素,即以鸟纹为代表的自然崇拜因素和以神人兽面纹为代表的祖先崇拜因素,体现出两种主次不同的崇拜形式,在纹饰上它们表现为两种基本主题,同时它们又有机地结合在一起,形成一种更高层次的完整的崇拜主题形式。两类因素各自有着不同的源流。鸟祖崇拜在华东地区的新石器文化中具有悠久的传统,尤其在大汶口文化中得到充分发展,在良渚文化中仍有一定的表现。而以直系祖先崇拜为主要内涵的神权宗教,通过对氏族宗教的融合,在良渚文化中发展到极致,其以兽面纹为代表的宗教内涵和艺术传统对商周青铜文化有重大影响。     

The Dissolution of a Monetary Union: The Case of Malaysia and Singapore 1963–1974

The abrupt separation of Singapore and Malaysia in 1965 set these two states on separate political trajectories, but the economic ties proved more difficult to untangle. This article explores the nine years of transition required to complete the separation of the monetary systems of the two territories based on new archival evidence. It argues that, while socio-political hostility raged between the two partners, common economic interests prolonged an intimate monetary relationship that extended the interdependence of the two states for many years beyond their formal separation.     

成都老官山汉墓出土织机复原研究

成都老官山汉墓出土了四台多综织机模型,提供了古代多综织机的实物证据。它们都采用一样的移动齿梁选综机构,提综机机构却有不同,一台织机用一个旋转踏板提升滑框,滑框再提升多片纹综。另外三台方法相同,用一个旋转踏板提升连杆,连杆再提升多片纹综。通过出土文物的实物对照,分析选综机构和提综机构的机械原理,比较两种提综机构的性能优劣,从而推断滑框式织机可以织造经向纹样循环大的经锦,但操作较费力;曲柄连杆式织机织造的经锦纹样循环虽小,但操作省力。分析过程同时也展示了古人杰出的智慧和创造力。     

Biotechnology Megacentres: Montreal and Toronto Regional Systems of Innovation

Canada hosts two major diversified biotechnology regional systems of innovation in its two largest cities. Similar in many respects, they display some particular characteristics. We review here the main theories on regional innovation systems and innovative clusters and proceed to analyse these two regional systems before concluding on the usefulness of several theories to study biotechnology regional innovation systems.|spagf|ro|epagf|