Fragments of the Modern City: Material Culture and the Rhythms of Everyday Life in Victorian London

This essay analyses the influence of Charles Baudelaire's and Théophile Gautier's fetishist poetics on the early works of Algernon Charles Swinburne. If the crucial role played by the Victorian poet as a cultural ‘passeur’ between France and England has often been highlighted in recent criticism, his aesthetic delight in certain forms of sexual deviance such as podophilia has rarely been explored in relation to the verse of his French mentors. Swinburne, Gautier, and Baudelaire may have indeed shared this erotic fascination with feet: this is a fascination that was partly grounded in these poets' common interest in antique literary models, in particular in Sappho's poetry. Rather than extolling the Hellenic ‘sweetness and light’ which some of his contemporaries set so high, Swinburne indulged in dangerously eroticised Dionysian aesthetics which were perceived as both ‘too Hellenic’ and ‘too French’. I argue that the fetishism of the poetic foot may be read as one of the keys to the Victorian poet's subversive shift away from the serenity often associated with Victorian neoclassicism in favour of a Dionysian energy that anticipates Friedrich Nietzsche's works.     

Identity and Material Culture in the Later Prehistory of Central Europe

Examination of the archaeological evidence for the expression of identity in later European prehistory provides a new and promising approach to understanding change in this period. New views of the role of material culture in the communication of meanings, of the nature of identity, and of agency in the past provide a useful framework for approaching the evidence. Analysis of patterns of sameness and difference in style and decoration of manufactured objects indicates how people used their material culture to structure and to communicate their identities—on the level of the individual, of groups such as families and residential communities, and of larger entities commonly referred to as ethnic groups. This approach offers insights that complement social and economic models of change in later prehistory.     

Culture and Power in the Anthropology of Japan

Though Japan anthropology since the 1970s has been characterized as outside mainstream anthropological currents, recent work reflects broader disciplinary debates about the relation between culture and power. The four books under review, spanning the archaeology, history, ethnography, and political science of Japan, illustrate different ways of synthesizing cultural and political perspectives. Yet, to varying degrees, they all move beyond an undifferentiated, ahistorical, and depoliticized view of culture to embrace complexity, variability, conflict, and change. In so doing, they raise important questions about knowledge construction across the subfields of anthropology and its uneasy relationship with nationalist and essentialist discourses.     

Material Culture and the Politics of Personality in Early Victorian England

This article uses the insights of material culture studies to explore the role of objects in the development of a politics of personality in the first half of the nineteenth century. Political objects were part of a broader material culture of fame and recognition in this period, encompassing a wide range of public figures such as royalty, military heroes and authors. These artefacts acquired agency, playing an important role in the construction of their subjects as recognizable public figures: an asset for popular politicians whose primary constituencies lay beyond the ranks of the enfranchised. By representing key moments in the public narrative of a politician's career, objects and other representations helped to cement the connection between individuals and the causes with which they were chiefly associated. Some objects, including jugs, teapots and other practical items, may have been used in the public performance of rituals of loyalty to a particular figure. Others, including the famous Staffordshire figurines, were designed for display in the home, becoming vehicles for the domestic re-enactment of public narratives and the performance or construction of personal loyalties and identities. The article concludes by considering the way in which objects associated with famous political figures, including autograph letters, signed prints or even more intimate objects such as locks of hair, could be used to forge real or imagined relationships between politicians and individual members of their wider public.     

Exploring Spatial Relationships between Material Culture and Language in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea

ABSTRACT New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world. Over 1,000 languages are found there. Unsurprisingly, controversy exists concerning the degree to which this diversity has been shaped by migration or interaction. At the centre of this controversy is the putative origin and migration path of Austronesian speakers. The advent of Lapita ceramic ware in Melanesia around 3,000 years ago is seen by some as important evidence for their arrival; nevertheless the validity of using Lapita as a marker for Austronesian populations remains in question. The Upper Sepik is one of New Guinea's most linguistically heterogeneous regions. Because it is not marked by far‐reaching exchange systems the region's language and material culture distributions provide potential for exploring such issues. This paper discusses these in the context of an analysis of important ethnographic collections from the region. It is shown that when material culture is assessed technologically and stylistically it is easier to determine an effect for important variables such as language and distance. Additionally, it is demonstrated that as men and women often have different levels of mobility and sociality, classes of material culture belonging to each may differentially reflect important socio‐historical processes.     

二里头二期文化与后羿代夏问题

后羿是生活于夏王朝西方的原始部族首领.后羿部族统治集团取代夏王朝政权,入主中原约历40年,对夏王朝时期的社会、文化造成了巨大影响.作为夏文化的二里头文化,其二期文化就是在继承一期文化的基础上,受到西方原始文化和东下冯类型文化的强烈影响而形成的.     

Style in New Ireland Art and Culture: Grasping the Native's Point of View

A review of definitions of style and studies of particular people suggest that while many studies of art discuss iconography, social relationships, structure, identity, form, function, and so on, few discuss style; and fewer discuss style as world view, ethos, values, or gestalt. In this paper, I report some findings of field work in the arts and cultures of New Ireland and New Hanover in support of research in cultural anthropology on style in this larger sense. I will provide some documentation for ‘the Native's point of view’ on this subject, which affirms its importance in any study of culture.     

青海卡约文化出土的金器

卡约文化是分布在青海地区青铜时代的考古学文化,除发现陶、石、骨、角、牙、料器等类文物外,还发现了一批主要用于装饰的金器。这批金器从制作到用途,反映了青藏高原东北部古羌民族的重要文化特色。作为我国目前发现的最早黄金制品之一,卡约文化金器代表的是这一时段金属冶炼和制作技术的水平,也为我们探讨黄金的原始功用提供了重要线索。     

试谈当前高校中的中国古典舞身韵教学

本文从古典舞身韵教学的基本要点、课程特点、如何教学以及作为高校教师所应注意的要点四个方面来详细阐述和分析当前高校中的中国古典舞身韵教学。作为一个学科的建设,中国古典舞已经走向成熟,而身韵教学是这一学科建设在舞蹈本体观、舞蹈方法论方面成熟的标志。     

The Mortality of Things: Correlates of Use Life in Wola Material Culture Using Age-at-Census Data

How long ancient artifacts lasted affects the composition of archaeological assemblages. Some research suggests that longevity or use life relates to size and other artifact properties, but we know less than we should about what determines use life. An ethnographic census of Wola objects from highland Papua New Guinea recorded artifact age. From these data we use Hildebrand and Hagstrum's method to estimate mean use life. It does not covary generally with object size as in previous studies but does with commodity value. Among arrows alone, use life covaries with object size. Results complicate in some respects and clarify in others our growing understanding of what determines artifact use life.     

甘肃岷县占旗寺洼文化遗址发掘简报

岷县占旗遗址是甘肃岷县洮河沿岸新发现的一处寺洼文化遗址,该遗址共发现各类墓葬66座,以及房址、灶坑、灰坑、祭祀遗存等遗迹近20处。出土器物包括陶器、铜器、石器、骨器和装饰品等。占旗遗址墓葬层位清晰,时代序列鲜明,出土器物丰富多样,特别是铜器,制作精美,形制独特。岷县占旗遗址的发现,对于进一步认识寺洼文化的特点具有重要意义。     

Coloured Cabinets: A Reflection on Material Culture as a Marker of Coloured Identity in Cloetesville,South Africa

In coloured neighbourhoods of the Western Cape in South Africa, there are objects in people's homes that live in a unique historical and cultural moment. This article reports on an examination, in the neighbourhood of Cloetesville, Stellenbosch, of how these objects inside residents’ homes tell a story of a creolised people and the locations in which they are situated. In the case of Cloetesville, as in many neighbourhoods that arose from a history of forced removals, many people experience various social and economic problems. Coloured people's identities are commonly thought to rest in these problems. This article, however, seeks to suggest an alternative way of exploring coloured identity through looking at objects in households and broader living environments. Thus, I hope to provide insight into different yet distinct experiences by contributing new perspectives through looking at nostalgic and ordentlike (respectable) sentiments of belonging. Specifically cabinets in living rooms are conceptualised as repositories of such sentiments in the home, and how the objects residing in the home have the power/ability to symbolically ground their owners in the neighbourhood of Cloetesville.     

汉代建筑明器探源

根据古文献、考古资料和相关研究成果,文章对汉代建筑明器的渊源进行了系统的分析论证,认为建筑明器的出理是西汉初期社会墓葬思想急剧变化的产物,是早期墓葬绘画所描绘建筑的物化表现,代表了墓主的部分建筑财富。并认为建筑明器在汉代墓葬中重新出现的年代应在西汉初期。     

Expanding the discursive domain of research on the New Culture Movement: An incomplete review of studies on the New Culture Movement

ABSTRACT

The discussions revolving around the common subject of the New Culture Movement have experienced a complex and convoluted history, with a discursive domain ranging from the differentiation of new and old culture, to appeals for a scientific and democratic enlightenment, to the balancing of the cultural relationship between China and the West. The New Culture tends to be regarded as development in the direction of increasing rationality, liberality, and inclusiveness, in which the pursuit of an understanding between the Chinese and Western cultures is the only path by which Chinese civilization may gain future opportunities and development.     

上海青浦福泉山遗址出土崧泽至良渚时期玉器的材质特征与玉料来源

上海青浦福泉山遗址出土玉器中的绝大多数没有做过科学测试,本次研究对其中6件崧泽玉器和478件良渚玉器进行了显微放大观察和红外光谱(FTIR)、便携式X射线荧光光谱(pXRF)、拉曼光谱(Raman)无损测试分析。结果表明:福泉山遗址出土崧泽玉器材质含透闪石玉、蛇纹石玉、萤石3类;良渚玉器材质含透闪石玉、蛇纹石玉、石英质玉、云母质玉、萤石、滑石质玉、绿松石7类。确认部分透闪石玉样品为含石墨包裹体的青花玉品种,所有透闪石玉样品的Sr含量都小于50 μg/g,与已知江苏小梅岭透闪石玉不符。揭示福泉山遗址所用透闪石玉和蛇纹石玉均存在超基性岩型、大理岩型两种成因类型,有多产地来源的特点,为从玉料使用角度全面认识南方史前文明化进程提供了新的重要材料。     

墓葬出土堆塑瓶(罐)类明器功用研究

本文以汉代至明代墓葬出土堆塑瓶(罐)类明器为研究对象,它们在制作技术与基本功用上的一致性是能够进行研究的基础。堆塑瓶(罐)类明器在墓葬中的基本功用为储存物品随葬,在此基础上逐渐显现出引魂升天、保佑后人、镇墓护魂等多元功用,并体现出与当时社会的丧葬习俗、民间信仰紧密结合的趋势。     

The Illegal Excavation and Trade of Syrian Cultural Objects: A View from the Ground

The illegal excavation and trade of cultural objects from Syrian archaeological sites worsened markedly after the outbreak of civil disturbance and conflict in 2011. Since then, the damage to archaeological heritage has been well documented, and the issue of terrorist funding explored, but hardly any research has been conducted into the organization and operation of theft and trafficking of cultural objects inside Syria. As a first step in that direction, this paper presents texts of interviews with seven people resident in Syria who have first-hand knowledge of the trade, and uses information they provided to suggest a model of socioeconomic organization of the Syrian war economy regarding the trafficking of cultural objects. It highlights the importance of coins and other small objects for trade, and concludes by considering what lessons might be drawn from this model to improve presently established public policy.     

玉门火烧沟遗址出土骟马文化铜器的科学分析研究

骟马文化的发现填补了河西走廊西部在四坝文化之后晚期青铜时代的空缺,也为探讨四坝文化的流向提供了重要线索。本文首次对玉门火烧沟遗址出土的骟马文化铜器进行了科学分析,结果表明其材质以红铜为主,也有少量锡青铜、铅青铜和砷青铜。火烧沟骟马文化的铜器合金化程度较低,含有较多杂质元素,延续了该遗址四坝文化时期的铜器技术特点,但与同时期的河西走廊东部、洮河流域及青海东部等地相比,却显示了不同的技术发展趋势。河西走廊受本土早期铜器技术的影响较大,而洮河流域则更多地体现与中原铜器技术体系的联系。     

略论昙石山文化与良渚文化的关系

探讨昙石山文化与良渚文化的关系,从器物类型剖析看有同有异,其相同因素与交流有关,考古发现迹象推测,浙南是它们交融的联结地;其不同特征,体现了各自的土著性,彼此文化来源不同。