重视乡镇志的开发与利用

乡镇志是记载乡镇当时的历史、文化、经济的重要文献载体,是明清江浙等地经济文化兴盛时期的特殊产物,因其体例等有别于官修志书,所蕴藏的大量人文经济史料,更具地域特色。然而长期以来,乡镇志未受到研究者的重视与利用。鉴于其潜在的资料文献价值,本文认为必须重视乡镇志的开发与利用,系统发掘其内在的人文、经济资源价值。     

第二轮修县市志要重视记述失业与就业问题

章认为第二轮修县市志重视记述失业与就业问题要做到：一、必须直面失业与就业问题。二、记述内容时要追溯计划经济时期失业问题就一直存在的实际情况;农村失业、城市失业、结构性失业、周期性失业、隐性失业和高学历人群失业现象。三、要记述各级党委和政府为扩大就业和再就业所采取的一系列措施和效果。四、要记述建立统一规范的劳动力市场,完善就业服务体系。五、要记述大力发展教育事业,全面提高劳动素质。六、要记述实行灵活的就业形式。     

How the Pueblos Became Global: Colonial Appropriations, Resistance, and Diversity in the North American Southwest

Theories of colonialism and modernity often present divergent ways of understanding how indigenous populations became global, yet there are several points of intersection. These points include: (1) the heterogeneity present within indigenous groups that led to varied experiences of colonialism, (2) the diversity in colonial programs, (3) how the colonized and the colonizers appropriated goods and labor from each other, and (4) the variable practices of indigenous resistance. These intersections are illustrated through a discussion of the Pueblos of the North American Southwest, from the late “precontact” period (ca. AD 1400) to the present.     

Environment/Equity: Tensions in North American Politics

Throughout the past 30 years there has been a perception of tension between social equity objectives and the agenda of environmental politics. This tension has arisen in many forms and arenas: on a social class basis, on a gender basis, and on a racial basis; regarding jobs, regarding health, and regarding competition for governmental funding. At the base, however, many of the tensions are as much perceived as real. There is more basis far common purpose between these several social movements and objectives than is ordinarily perceived.     

The Archaeology of War: A North American Perspective

This article reviews recent archaeological research on warfare in prestate societies of native North America. This survey comprises six regions: Arctic/Subarctic, Northwest Coast, California, Southwest/Great Basin, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodlands. Two lines of evidence, defensive settlement behavior and injuries in human skeletal remains, figure prominently in archaeological reconstructions of violence and warfare in these regions. Burning of sites and settlements also has been important for identifying the consequences of war and investigating more subtle aspects of strategy and directionality. Weaponry and iconography have to date provided important but more limited insights. Although considerable disparities exist between regions in the archaeological evidence for intra- and intergroup violence, all regions show a marked increase after A.D. 1000. These findings suggest that larger forces may have been responsible for escalating violence throughout North America at this time.     

Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North American Indian Oral Traditions

As an historian of the American West, I find myself in the unusualposition of writing a review of a book, written by an archaeologist,for an audience of oral historians. But Ronald J. Mason's elegantlyprovocative Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North AmericanIndian Oral Traditions cries out for interdisciplinary linkagesand understandings. Mason spent his professional years as anarchaeologist among anthropologists and is the author of thehighly acclaimed Great Lakes Archaeology (1981). In InconstantCompanions, Mason "addresses a fundamental historiographicalproblem in archaeology, history, and anthropology":     

Threads: Collecting Cloth in the North American French Colonies

Trade of European-produced cloth and clothing enabled indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants of colonial New France to rethink the “hand-woven”, impacting how self could be presented through dress. At the same time, objects were being collected in New France for cabinets of curiosities and museums. These different collections resonated in different ways through history, subsequently influencing modern understandings of colonial cloth and clothing. This paper examines colonial experiences of cloth by looking at archaeological remnants of cloth and cloth production as compared to how indigenous and non-indigenous colonial peoples were and are being represented by cloth and clothing in museum collections.     

Higher ground: The archaeology of North American platform mounds

Platform mounds, as forms of monumental architecture, have long been central to inquiries into Native American social complexity. The archaeological literature produced over the last 5 years that pertains to North American platform mounds in the Southeast and Southwest is reviewed. Chronologies, forms, and functions of platform mounds are summarized. There are similarities in the platform mound characteristics and construction sequences found in both regions. It is proposed that these characteristics reflect similar social processes of integration and differentiation.     

Forced to Concede: Permanent Restructuring and Labour's Place in the North American Auto Industry

Abstract: The stunning decline of Ford, General Motors and Chrysler over the past decade has rendered the once “Big Three” US automakers a vulnerable “Detroit Three”. In their attempts to return to profitability, the Detroit Three have undertaken a series of “turnarounds” aimed at renewing their competitive edge. Through this corporate restructuring agenda, 250,000 assembly jobs in North America have been lost, upwards of 50 auto plants have been closed, wages and benefits for new hires have been cut substantially and once strong, independent auto unions have been thoroughly overwhelmed. Permanent restructuring, then, represents a crisis strategy on the part of the corporate elite to continually intensify the demands placed on labour in the hopes of creating new conditions for capital accumulation. Working within labour geography, this paper documents the “regional race to the bottom” in the North American auto industry while reminding labour geographers that capitalist restructuring is a powerful constraint on labour agency.     

中美专家研讨保护华人古建筑"柏凯寺"

20 0 2年 4月 2 5日上午 ,美国驻广州总领事馆新闻文化处在广州花园酒店举行了数码可视电话会议 ,探讨有关柏凯寺的修缮和该寺收藏文物的整理问题。参加的中方专家来自暨南大学华侨华人研究所、暨南大学历史系和华南理工大学 ;美方专家来自美国国家历史保护信托基金会 ,其中有基金会顾问委员会主席、著名建筑师贾德先生 ,基金会西部办事处负责人魏坎柏先生。在会议中 ,美方专家介绍了柏凯寺确认为进行保护的历史遗迹的过程 ,展示了柏凯寺的精美图片 ,讲解了保护工作的进展。并且表示 ,柏凯寺的成功修复 ,将充分体现美国大众对中国文化的尊重…     

Using finite element methods to analyze ancient architecture: an example from the North American Arctic

Developing theories of vernacular architecture in archaeology has been hindered by the lack of a defined methodology for studying ancient buildings, and the absence of information on the mechanical properties of construction materials uncommon in today's building practices. In this paper we use Finite Element Methods and recent research on the structural properties of whalebone to analyze the architecture of Thule semi-subterranean houses. These unique dwellings were constructed and used by the ancestors of Inuit/Eskimo peoples in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. Little is known about how they were designed and constructed because few have ever been discovered intact. The substantial weight of whalebone roof frames suggests that some designs would have performed better than others. Poorly planned houses, or the use of whalebone in a symbolic rather than strictly utilitarian capacity, may have resulted in higher maintenance costs, thereby shortening their anticipated use life. In extreme cases, errors in design, or the failure of materials may have caused dwellings to collapse, resulting in injuries or possibly even death. We demonstrate through this case study that Finite Element Methods constitutes an effective methodology for studying ancient buildings, with the proviso that more research is needed on the mechanical properties of building materials used in the past.