公地制度中的平等精神

在西欧许多公地共同体的全体成员之间,存在着由公地制度所决定的经济方面、法律方面、政治方面的某种程度的平等。主要表现在共同体成员之间份地地块的平等分配,其他资源的平等分配;共同体成员在村规面前的平等;共同体成员在管理共同体事务资格方面的平等,包括平等地参加庄园法庭与村民会议,参加立法、审判、判决与决策,平等地选举与担任共同体管理、执法人员。这一切都体现出公地制度中的平等精神。     

公共危机 拷问政府责任

面对公共危机,政府必须做到救助的平等。政府对公民负责,是对每一位公民负责,危机面前人人 平等。政府的救助必须惠及每一位公民,不论其职位高低、住所差异、权力大小和贫富的悬殊。     

认法不认人

正1954年,我国第一部宪法规定:"公民在法律上一律平等。"1979年公布的我国刑事诉讼法规定:"对于一切公民,在适用法律上一律平等,在法律面前,不允许有任何特权。"两个规定可概括为一个通俗口号:公民在法律面前人人平等。这个口号是一个司法原则。它在奴隶社会不可能产生,因为,奴隶制国家法律的基本特征是占居民大多数的奴隶毫无权利,奴隶主与奴隶之间绝对不平等;在自由民与公民之间,一般也不承认有平等权     

近代以来日本大国梦的自由、平等轨迹浅探

长期以来,人们对日本近代明治维新为何取得巨大成功、对日本在近代亚洲的地位、对日本在二战中失败的根由,认识模糊,乃至存在误解。文章沉钩历史,梳理出日本历史发展的自由、平等轨迹,指出日本带着东方伦理的大国抑郁走入近代,明治维新下日本大国梦昙花一现,世界经济危机阶段中日本对以自由、平等为核心价值的资本主义逻辑的背离,二战日本在现代文明的功利主义逻辑面前失败,战后日本从个人到国家的自由平等逻辑申张,对日本近代以来大国梦追求、实现和破灭作出解释,以期帮助人们正确看待那段历史,并为从根本上改善中日关系、中国与世界关系提供智慧支持。     

农村劳动力转移的制度性障碍解读

本文从社会分层角度分析农民在社会中的弱势地位,并认为制度性的障碍对这种弱势地位的形成有重要作用,农村劳动力的转移事实上也是在制度性障碍面前占有不平等的社会资源的表现,对这种制度性障碍的修正需要遵循帕累托改进理论解释,维护农民权益的同时,使得社会利益得以最大化。     

文化多样性与少数民族语言文字保护——辽宁省蒙古语言文字工作调查

本文以辽宁省蒙古语言文字的发展和保护状况的资料为依据,阐述了文化多样性与少数民族语言文字保护的辩证关系。笔者认为,在文化全球化面前,少数民族语言文字面临的空前困窘,是在文化多样性视角下,所观察到的少数民族语言文字的必然现象。面对20世纪70年代全世界通用的语言日益减少的现实,作者呼吁,经济越是走向全球化,就越需要重视不同文化间的互相尊重和平等对话,越是应当尊重文化的多样性与差异性。     

试论日本近代早期的社会平等观

日本近代早期,在西方自由平等思想的影响下,一批渴望日本尽快走向近代化的思想家在否定传统的封建等级制度和特权观念的基础上,提出了人际社会平等的新观念。他们论证了人类社会平等的天赋性以及随之而来的正当性,深入分析了社会平等的具体表现,包括享受各种权利的平等和权利受到保护方面的平等。同时,主张人民要争取社会地位和相互关系的平等,必须首先具备平等精神。     

小学英语和谐生态课堂的建构

正小学英语教学中,如何创造和谐融洽的师生关系,这是摆在英语教师面前的重要课题。在小学英语教学中,建构师生平等的和谐课堂直接决定这课堂的教学质量和师生关系。一、小学英语课堂师生关系的现状小学英语课堂的师生关系是提高课堂教学效果的关键,只有建立起和谐的师生关系,才可能形成生态课堂。从调查情况来看,现在小学英语课堂的师生关系不和谐,主要有以下几种情况:1.师生关系不和谐。由于受的教师的权威和应试教育的     

论平等思想与法国大革命前后的政治现代化

政治平等需要依靠民主与法治来作为保障,这也是伴随宪政发展公民在追求平等的过程。在法国政治现代化也就是法国宪政发展历程中,公民表达平等的愿望尤为鲜明突出,平等思想启发革命实践,法国大革命的爆发极大地推动法国政治现代化进程,同时政治现代化也有助于公民平等理想的实现。     

蹲下来,沟通无极限

每个父母对自己的孩子都不缺乏爱心,但如何表达爱却需要能力。所以并不是每个有爱心的父母都能很好地表达自己的爱意。怎样才能和孩子建立良好的沟通呢?亲爱的家长朋友,让我们在孩子面前蹲下来。“妈妈,我跑到你眼睛里去了。”“爸爸,我跟你说句悄悄话。”蹲下来,以孩子的视角去看待世界、感悟世界,以平等的心去尊重孩子、了解孩子,相信会有意想不到的收获。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the