大革命时期中央银行初创资本金考

广东革命政府于1924年创立的中央银行,是中国历史上第一家以“中央银行”命名的国家银行,尽管严格讲它还不能算是真正的国家银行,却是后来南京国民政府中央银行的滥觞,在金融史上具有不可忽视的重要地位。特别是在北伐战争时,它担负起一切军政费用的支应和调拨的责任,对支援革命战争起了积极的作用。对于该行的开办资金,历来学界大都认为有粤币毫银1000万元,但根据对有关史料的分析和考证,这笔款项其实并不存在。     

The Religious Crisis of the 1960s: The Experience of the Australian Churches

The decade of the 1960s in North America and Europe is generally seen by historians and sociologists as a time of sudden and unexpected religious upheaval. But was this the case in Australia? This article examines the changes in belief and behaviour within Australia’s major churches during the ‘remembered sixties’ from c. 1964 to c. 1972, in relation to the cultural and social context, and the extent to which these amounted to a religious turnaround or crisis. Areas examined include the impact of radical theology, symbolized by the book Honest to God, and the ‘new morality’; the changes in Australian Catholicism initiated by the Second Vatican Council; the debate among Catholics over birth control and the papal encyclical Humanae Vitae; the decline in weekly church attendance, Sunday school enrolments and the membership of church youth organizations; the ‘crisis’ in the ordained ministry; changing attitudes in the churches towards social issues; and the responses of the churches to the Vietnam War. The religious unsettlement that occurred in Australia during this period was very similar to North America and Europe, though there were distinctive local emphases. The central issues in debate were common to all major denominations: the relevance and authority of traditional institutions and formulations of belief.     

《世本·作篇》七种辑校

辑佚之学清代最为盛行,<世本>辑佚也成就颇丰,然各家所辑繁简不同,或有遗漏及讹误.现以<作篇>为例,将七家之文排列比较,校订文句,比勘引书以核异同,并力图为<作篇>研究提供较为清晰的平台.     

湿地的召唤

扎龙保护区的水越来越少了 列车正点到达哈尔滨,东北林业大学的营员前来迎接我们.他们已经安排好一切,提供一辆大客车,联系好各个接待点,以及在校的食宿.     

The Technology of the Gibbet

The practice of “hanging in chains” or gibbeting had been part of the punitive repertoire of the English and Welsh judicial system for centuries before the 1751–52 Murder Act specified it as one of two mandatory post-mortem punishments for murderers. The practice was not abolished until 1834. This article considers the technical and design features of the gibbet cage, through an exhaustive survey and catalogue of their surviving remains. It notes that, given the comparative rarity of hanging in chains, no chronological or regional traditions of design are evident in this kind of artifact, since blacksmiths were individually solving the problem of fulfilling the necessary functions of a gibbet cage without knowledge of previous examples and under great time pressure. The technology of the gibbet shows how state directives intersected with geographical discretion in the creation of idiosyncratic local solutions.     

The Religion of the Secularists

Both “religion” and “secularism” are constructs distinctive of the West. They both arise from the peculiar history of Christianity. Hence the double face of modern “religion.” It may cover any inherited cultic practice, safeguard ethnic values, and be respected under multiculturalism. But at the same time it may refer to the intellectual and moral commitments which mark us off socially from others, annoying the secularists. Julian, the first modern‐type secularist, reacted against the Constantinian establishment of the “new religion” by ordering the priests of the old Hellenic cults to adopt the Christian style of social indoctrination to outclass those vulgar innovators. But the Fall of Rome produced the intellectual masterpiece of Augustine which redefined the saeculum and set the framework of modern secularity. Augustine had perceived reality in three dimensions: cosmic, social, and personal. At each level the rationalising logic of Aristotelian science had fixed the pattern of things, by analogy. The whole must be coherent if it is to be true. But the empiricism of Jerusalem had delivered a universe open to change and likely to end. In society power was no longer the proof of virtue. The heart itself was deceptive. Twenty‐first century secularism insists upon such experimental truth, social choice and passionate commitment. This holy trinity is our legacy from the “new” religion.     

似花非花的惊艳之美

<正>一个故事的启迪,往往会影响人的一生,改变其生命的色彩。在蝴蝶专题摄影之初,我被一个人、一个故事彻底征服。他就是英国摄影师桑德韦德。这位大师穷尽一生收集、拍摄蝴蝶和飞蛾翅膀天然图案,进而拼接出来了26个英文字母图以及从1到9的数字图。在86岁后,又拍摄出人脸、眼睛、&符号、希腊字母pi……在他的拼图中有的像猫咪,有的像老鼠,     

高原之魂

<正>帕米尔高原地处南疆的南侧,它同青藏高原并称为"世界屋脊",平均海拔在3700米以上。塔吉克族人称它是"万山之祖"。喜马拉雅山脉、昆仑山脉、喀喇昆仑山脉、天山山脉、兴都库什山脉汇聚的亚洲中心区。高原南有海拔8611米的世界第二高峰乔戈里峰,北有海拔7719米的"冰山之父"慕士塔格峰,和海拔7649米的公格尔九别峰。帕米尔高原从下往上的主要景点有:布伦口高山沙湖、神水卡拉库里湖、冰山慕士塔格峰、塔什库尔干石头城、中巴边境哨