齐明刀相关问题研究

齐明刀一般是指一种币面明字写作“ ”(或称作“方折明字”)的刀币,以前称之为“博山刀”,又有人称之为“齐莒刀”、“齐匽刀”。博山刀之名是因其清代嘉庆年问首次发现于山东博山县而得。这种博山刀的背面往往有铭文“莒冶&;#215;”或“莒&;#215;&;#215;”,1979年山东莒县故城也曾出土过带有“莒冶&;#215;”铭文的刀币范(图1)。但在目前已被确认为齐明刀的刀币中,     

齐国刀币铸行时间与分期考

齐国铸行的大型刀币有齐四字刀、即墨五字刀、安阳五字刀、莒邦刀、即墨小四字刀、齐三字刀、齐六字刀等数种。历年来齐刀币的出土与齐刀币铸钱遗址的发掘,为齐国货币的研究提供了大量翔实的实物资料。但由于文献的失载,加之齐国刀币的出土形式皆为窖藏而非墓葬,故对其铸行时间的考证仍处在一个大概时间范围的判断上,尚未见到较为确切的论述。笔者通过多年实物收藏和实地考察,结合历史文献资料,尝试对齐刀铸造遗址与城址的时代关系、出土齐刀范实物与刀币形制对比、窖藏齐刀币的规律及特殊现象以及各类齐刀币的铸行时间与分期等问题进行较为详细的论证。     

战国平阳刀币考

传世战国货币中,有一批传为山东博山出土的刀币,正面或有“明”字,或无字,背面一般有三个或四个字,字形诡异,不易识读,旧多称为博山刀。1978年,我们发表《战国货币考(十二篇)》,将博山刀背文第一字释为从“邑”从“竹”从“膚”之字,并指出即地名“莒”之专字。此后,汪庆正同志又认出第二字为“冶”,李学勤同志对币文的释读也提出了一些值得重     

六字齐刀出土流传及收藏小记

六字齐刀又名造邦刀,是战国时齐国享誉盛名的刀币。币面铸有“齐建（造）邦垠法化”六字,制作精雅,刀币的外缘不断为其特征。考古学者认为,此乃战国田齐开国时（公元前378年）铸造的纪念币。亦有研究者把面文前三字释为“齐返邦”,意即“复国”,认为是齐襄王退燕复国,重返都城临淄（公元前279年）后所铸①。六字齐刀历来出土及传世极少,殊足珍贵。清·嘉庆年间山东莱阳人初尚龄氏在《吉金所见剥中曾记述：“盖齐刀五种,惟三字者居多,四字者与即墨、安阳间亦有之,此种（六字刀）则百不一见,……偶一见之,即为强有力者携去”o。…     

河北涞水西武泉村出土燕国货币

<正> 1986年7月,河北省涞水县西武泉村北砖厂出土一批燕国刀币。刀币原装在一灰陶罐中,陶罐已破碎不能复原。在这批出土的货币中完整和较完整的共计62枚。可分尖首刀和匣字刀两种。现将这批刀币初步整理报导如下: 一、尖首刀1枚。弧背,凹刃,刃部和首端均无廓线,刀背两面的廓线均断在与刀柄相交处,刀柄面上的两条纵纹较高。面文“九”字,幕平素。通长15.1、刀首宽2、     

包山竹简选释

■(命攵)(令)2△原篆作■.包山简习见.或作■166.左从“尖”,其“小”与“大”借用中间竖笔.△应释“(尖刂)”,“尖”之繁文,右从“刀”为义符.《集韵》“锓《博雅》锐也.或作尖.”△为地名.     

河北承德县发现窖藏刀币

<正> 1981年7月,河北承德县大郭林子乡村民在锄地时发现一批燕国刀币。刀币装在一绳纹陶罐内,出土时陶罐已破碎。当地的文物保护员立即将刀币送交县文物保管所。 这批刀币重47公斤,约3100多枚,画文皆为“明”字,背文较为复杂,可分为三大类,即“左”、“右”、“(?)”三字或以这三字为组合,如“左二”、“左▽”、“左下二”、“右(?)”、“右介”、“右▽”、“八”、“上”等(图1—11)共140余种。其中“右     

论战国时期的直刀币

直刀币。又被称之为“圆首刀”，是战国时期铸行的一种刀币样式。目前所见铭文有甘丹刀、甘丹、柏人刀、柏刀、城、王刀、成白（或释成帛、成旦）和蔺、 易新刀、 易刀、 刀和 半等几种。     

山东青州发现一批截首刀和博山刀

1988年秋,山东省青州市郊某村发现一批截首刀和博山刀。据目击者叙述,两种类型刀币混在一起共约三百多枚,出土时锈蚀粘结成一大块,用锤子砸开后,有一半左右损毁,笔者所见大体完整的尚有103枚,其中除11枚为博山刀外,其余均为截首刀。这批截首刀均为截首的尖首刀,与《中国钱币》1987年第3期所载《招远切头尖首刀及其科学考察》一文中所描述的切头尖首刀形制相近。刀币外形亦为曲刃、拱背、环首。刀身全长10—13.5厘米,身宽1.4—1.6厘米,柄长(连环在内)5.8—6.4厘米,柄宽0.9—1.1厘米,刀身厚0.07—0.12厘米,背厚0.11—0.21厘米。环首外径1.6—1.9厘米,内径0.8—1.2厘米,环厚0.115—0.23厘米,均有铭文。现存的92枚中有21枚因截去部分铭文或锈蚀较重已难于     

洛阳新安县发现博山刀

洛阳新安县发现博山刀１９９５年初,笔者收集到２０余枚博山刀,据说出于洛阳西新安县五头乡一砖窑场。刀币均残碎,计有缺环刀１１枚、刀首２枚、刀柄８枚。这批博山刀与１枚明刀同,现将其中有代表性的几枚介绍如下：１,博山刀,弧背,面文“明”字作大方折、大圆状,...     

DEFINITION OF THE BOUNDARY OF MOSCOW'S ACTIVE ZONE OF INFLUENCE

The present boundaries of Moscow's suburban zone are tested by delineating a so-called zone of active influence of Moscow city based on demographic structure and the significance of commuting to work in the city. The most favorable age-sex structure, with a high percentage of population in the working age groups and a relatively high percentage of children, is found in a zone within 50 to 60 kilometers from the city limits. This zone generates a daily flow of more than 500,000 commuters to places of employment in Moscow, 90 percent of whom spend less than 110 to 120 minutes traveling each way. These commuters represent about 2 percent of the total working-age population in the suburban zone. On the basis of the demographic structure and commuting linkages, Moscow's zone of active influence is therefore defined as the zone within which 90 percent of the commuters reside, or within 52 kilometers of the city limits. This conforms roughly to the present definition of the suburban zone.     

多情境下城市时空间行为的社会分异——以北京不同住房来源居民为例

近年来,居民时空间行为的社会分异已成为学者们广泛关注的话题。然而,已有关于居民时空间行为的社会分异研究中,缺少对于居民活动情境的社会分异的研究。因此,本研究基于时间地理学中对人类活动的情境嵌入性与情境的不同维度的相关理论,以北京清河街道为例,分析不同住房来源居民在日常情境、地理情境和社会情境下的时空间行为的社会分异,尝试从多个情境维度拓展对时空间行为社会分异的理解。研究发现,市场性住房居民“朝九晚五”的活动特征明显,活动同伴选择外向性突出;单位性住房居民职住相对接近,在社区空间内分配时间最长且活动目的多样;安置性住房居民活动较为分散,地理情境与社会情境都呈现出“家庭内向性”特征;保障性住房居民非工作活动的“滞后性”明显,对社区空间的时间分配总体较低。除住房来源因素与个人社会经济因素外,建成环境因素对于居民对社区空间的使用有显著影响。     

基于旅游者网络关注度的旅游景区日游客量预测研究——以不同客户端百度指数为例

网络搜索引擎是旅游者获取旅游信息的最重要入口,百度指数通过反映关键词被搜索的次数表征旅游者的网络关注度。文章以三清山为例,首先利用协整理论及格兰杰因果检验分析了PC端和移动端百度指数与实际游客量之间的关系,进一步建立日游客量ARMA模型和分别加入PC 端和移动端百度指数的VAR模型,对游客量预测结果及预测能力进行比较分析,以期通过不同客户端、不同搜索关键词来填补游客量预测过程中旅游网络数据提取的单一性,得到更好的预测效果。发现移动端比PC端百度指数模型具有更好的预测效果,移动端比PC端百度指数对实际游客量的变动具有更好的解释能力。     

A LYONS BRANCH OF THE POTTERY-MAKING FIRM OF ATEIUS OF AREZZO

Fifty-one waster sherds of Terra Sigillata (～20-0 b.c. ) from Arezzo, Italy and Lyons, France have been chemically analysed for twenty-eight elements by neutron activation and seven by X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elemental abundances were measured with high precision and cross-comparisons of the two techniques of measurement (and sample preparation) give added insight as to their relative precision, the calibration differences and the extent to which volatile materials such as carbonate or water influence the results. The sherds from Arezzo formed a homogeneous and distinctive chemical group while all but two of those from Lyons were classified into three such groups. Two of the Lyons groups (MML A and MML B) were from Montée de La Muette and one was from Loyasse. Four additional sherds from houses excavated in Strasbourg and one from Lyons, all of which bore the signature of the famous Anetine pottery-making firm of Ateius, were also analyzed by the same techniques. These signed sherds all had the same composition pattern and it closely matched one of those from Montée de La Muette (MML A) in Lyons. It is therefore suggested that these five sherds bearing the Ateius signature were made in the general vicinity of Lyons and were part of the output of an as yet unknown Gallic branch of the firm of Ateius.     

城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆研究——以南京夫子庙街区为例

伴随全球化和城市化的快速推进,城市街巷空间的原生态环境和文化生活气息开始退变,城市记忆逐渐缺失,趋同化和均质化的城市危机显现。为此,选取南京夫子庙街区作为典型个案,采用认知地图、口述访谈和GIS空间统计方法,实证研究城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆,发现居民对夫子庙街巷空间的集体记忆呈现"光环区"→"亚光环区"→"缓冲区"→"盲点区"依次递减的特征和规律,"平民化"的城市设计理念缺失成为重要诱因。街巷空间作为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,具有特定的历史内涵与场所精神,其担负的集体记忆保护功能,应该引起学界和社会各界的广泛关注。     

THE PUBLICATION OF--＂BANQUETS OF WISES-THE TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF TUBO＂

<正>Bawo Tsukla Chengwa(1504-1566) is the author of Banquets of Wises (in Tibetan,it is Lho-brag-chos-vbyung for short).The book has five volumes of which the mo...     

ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL-TERRITORIAL COMPLEXES OF UNION REPUBLICS

Differences in industrial development of the Soviet union republics are found to persist, and the basic factors are analyzed. The presence of a skilled labor force is an important factor in insuring a high level of industrial output per capita and a high rate of return on capital. However, the distribution of labor-intensive industries does not always conform to the availability of labor resources. Such industries have reached a high level in the Baltic republics, where the reproduction rate is low and additional labor must be brought in from the outside, and they have not been fostered in Central Asia, where the rate of natural increase is high. The emphasis on resource-based industries that is characteristic of some republics (oil and gas in Azerbaydzhan and Turkmenia, nonferrous metals in Kazakhstan, etc.) is usually associated with a high level of fixed assets (capital intensity) and a low rate of return as well as low levels of industrial output per capita.     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE SOUL BOY OF DETRUL REINCARNATION

<正>July 4th,2010,which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar,was a most auspicious day.Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event,drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.