Cultural Factors in U.S.-India Relations

Book reviewed in this article:
Andrew J. Rotter, Comrades at Odds: The United States and India, 1947–1964     

The Impact of U.S. Airline Deregulation on Airport Traffic Patterns

This paper surveys changes in the U.S. National Airway System since the 1960s. The most appropriate measures for summarizing air traffic distributions at airports are investigated, with the Gini Index of Concentration being used extensively to analyze U.S. airport traffic patterns over a twenty-four-year period. The properties of the Gini index and other measures are compared and discussed in detail in the context of analyzing air traffic distributions. It is shown how concentration in the traffic patterns at the larger airports was at a high level prior to deregulation, but since 1978, the patterns have gradually become even more concentrated.     

Handcraft as Cultural Diplomacy: The 1968 Mexico Cultural Olympics and U.S. Participation in the International Exhibition of Popular Arts

Mexican post-revolutionary cultural institutions excelled at implementing Mexican art and popular arts as key elements in cultural diplomacy. However, while there is abundant research regarding these arts and their inclusion in international exhibitions during the first part of the twentieth century, there is little research on their role in international cultural diplomacy during the second half of that century. In the first part of this article I present a historiographical appraisal of the 1968 Mexican Cultural Olympiad and the resolutions of the “First Latin American Seminar on Popular Arts and Crafts” sponsored by UNESCO in Mexico City in 1965. In the second, I examine the case of U.S. participation in the “Exposición Internacional de Artesanías Populares” (International Exhibition of Popular Arts), which was part of the 1968 Cultural Olympiad’s programme – largely neglected by the historiography of the XIX Olympics – to explain how popular arts were made to perform as agents of cultural diplomacy in Mexico and the U.S. during the Cold War. In addition, I argue that U.S. participation in this exhibition also reveals negotiations and redefinitions of the concepts of handcraft and arte popular, and the economic and social situation of their makers in the United States.     

美国城市旅游

美国城市旅游对我国发展都市旅游有借鉴意义。本介绍了美国在散客旅游方式、旅游交通、城市旅游资源开发、旅游宣传资料以及旅馆业经营方式方面的一些做法。     

美加联盟中的政治与经济利益博弈——以加拿大对华粮食贸易为核心的考察

20世纪50年代末60年代初,面对中国发生的粮食紧缺问题,作为美国冷战盟友的加拿大开始采取自主行动,主动与中国开展粮食贸易。此时美国仍对中国进行政治孤立和经济封锁,加拿大的行为无疑与美国的冷战遏制战略相冲突,美国与加拿大的博弈由此开启。美加双方具有不同的利益诉求,加拿大希望扩大粮食销售市场,解决国内粮食过剩的问题,而美国更看重冷战联盟,并着眼于维护冷战联盟内部的团结,为此在不涉及美国核心利益的问题上向加拿大做出一定的让步。美国与加拿大之间的博弈反映了作为联盟主导者的美国开展联盟管理的困境,也体现了联盟政治与经济利益之间的张力。     

20世纪60年代美国“青年领袖项目”初探

20世纪60年代,随着冷战扩展到整个第三世界,美国更加关注亚非拉国家第二、三代青年领袖的重要作用。肯尼迪执政时期,美国政府着手整合各部门各自推行的争取第三世界青年领袖的项目,并最终完成了"青年领袖项目"的政策规划和机构建制。同美国心理战的总体战略目标一致,"青年领袖项目"亦致力于赢得目标群体,使其选择亲美反共的道路,并影响其所在国家的政治走向。尽管投入巨大的人力和物力,"青年领袖项目"在肯尼迪和约翰逊政府时期并未见明显成效,但美国对第三世界青年进行的意识形态输出和文化灌输活动,最终对第三世界国家的道路选择产生了深刻的影响。     

北美自由贸易协定与美墨关系

北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)的签定是冷战结束后美墨关系发生变化的一个重要标志,是经济全球化过程中的重要发展趋势。美、加、墨通过建立经济合作关系,实行经济自由化、一体化,既有利于三国经济的互利合作,又促进墨西哥的政治经济体制改革,为墨西哥对外经济开放、发展外向型经济提供机遇。但美墨之间由于历史遗留问题以及墨西哥国内依然存在的强烈民族主义倾向,墨西哥经济对美国经济的过分依赖等,使美墨关系还存在不确定的变数。由于墨西哥积极发展与亚太地区和欧盟的经济合作关系,未来美墨关系的发展,以及建立北美自由贸易区统一货币等问题,是对NAFTA的一个严峻考验。     

品鉴别样的美国“大熔炉”

正“美国是个大熔炉。”这几乎是我从大学选修的“英美文化”课上唯一能记起的东西了。到如今,时隔多年,老师的解释清晰依然:熔炉在此是指不同文化与种族的人移居到美国,共同生活,融合在一起,创造了我们今天称作美国文化的奇妙文化。美国人以“大熔炉”的称号为荣,多元文化和景观吸引来自世界各地的年轻人来到美国追寻自己的“美国梦”。早在美国还不是美国的时候,奔腾的科罗拉多河就从堪帕布高原中切割出一条令人震撼的奇迹——科罗拉多大峡谷。登上玻璃栈道,就可以清楚看到平坦的     

The Trouble with U.S.-Third World Studies

Robert J. McMahon. The Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India, and Pakistan . New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Kenton J. Clymer. Quest for Freedom: The United States and India's Independence . New York.     

The U.S. Intervention in Guatemala: The Documentary Record

U.S. Department of State . Foreign Relations of the United States , 1952 – 1954 : Guatemala . Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 2003 . 461 pp. $ (hardcover).