国家空间选择性、新城新区的开发及其房地产化——以南京河西新城为例

本文认为有必要将中国城市新区开发运动理解为新区空间快速开发与城市空间不平衡发展的相统一过程。本文引入国家空间选择性理论视角来理解中国城市新区开发的"双统一"过程。首先,将国家空间选择性理论具体化为三个分析维度——选择性的空间发展战略、选择性的国家权力和国有资源空间配置。进而以南京河西新城为例,从国家空间选择性角度实证解析了其发展的"双统一"过程。主要结论是：国家的空间选择性给河西新城的开发配置了明显优于其他地区的战略、权力和国有资源条件,引导社会资本的集中涌入,塑造了不平衡发展的城市格局。国家空间选择性主导的发展模式一定程度上引致了河西新城发展的房地产化。     

基于后人类思想的国际城市研究：理论溯源与概念辨析

进入二十一世纪以来,以赛博格城市、混合城市、城市政治生态学、集合城市主义为代表的后人类城市研究思想成为揭示当代城市中人类与非人类复杂交织关系的前沿性理论视角。本文在深入探讨上述概念的理论渊源、主要思想观点及其应用进展的基础上,指出后人类城市思想在我国城市研究中的可能方法论意义,即城市分析不能将人类与非人类绝对割裂地看待,而需要将城市中的主体或客体重新定义为人类与非人类的“混杂体”,整合以往分散在自然、工程、社科与人文等不同领域中的观察与分析,拓展人们对城市过程的认知,开创更多的城市研究可能性。     

Geographies of Urban Politics: Pathways,Intersections, Interventions

This paper deals with urban political geographies and, most particularly, with political economy perspectives on urban politics. It offers an account that narrates what I see as influential pathways and intersections, theoretical debates, and methodological developments that have shaped contemporary urban political geographies in this vein since the 1970s, including: the ‘new urban politics’, intersections with postmodernism, and postcolonialism; urban neoliberalism and the contingency of urban politics; and, most recently, poststructural political economy and the notion of assemblage. This leads me to trace the implications of the shift in understanding from urban political geography to geographies of urban politics, and the growing emphasis on practice, contingency, relationality, and assemblage that accompany this shift. I conclude with reflections on new directions, new productive questions and tensions, and on the knowledge politics of how we do and might do contemporary urban political geographies.     

地方、地方性与城中村改造的社会文化考察——以猎德村为例

本研究尝试从地方性角度出发,分析城中村地方性的形成机制和体现方式,利用历史演进的分析方法考察城中村改造前后地方性解构与重构现状。从地方等核心概念出发,探讨地方性的社会建构体系及特征,并认为地方性从景观、文本、符号及感知四个维度进行持续的社会建构。结合广州猎德村整体改造为案例发现地方性的建构与时空元素紧密相关,镶嵌在地方的发展过程,并处于动态的变化之中。本文从理论上构建中国城市化中地方性研究框架;现实上为更深入理解城中村改造与地方性的关系,为更好地推进城市更新质量提供一定的参考。     

Women,Communities, Neighbourhoods: Approaching Gender and Feminism within UK Urban Policy

In recent years some commentators have looked at successive waves of UK urban policy from the perspective of gender, although these commentaries have been somewhat marginal within wider discussions of urban policy and politics. This article seeks to make the case for a renewed emphasis on gender, which moves beyond tracing the role of men and women in relation to urban policy programmes, in two particular ways. First it is argued that a more sophisticated analysis of the gendered nature of urban governance is needed, in other words how forms of gendered labour, subjectivity and power work through and within policy projects; and second that there should be a wider consideration of what feminist visions of cities and politics, both past and present, might contribute to the project of a critical, and hopeful, analysis of urban policy and politics. The paper seeks to make a practical as well as theoretical intervention in relation to gender and feminist perspectives on UK urban policy. It is argued that there has been a silence around such issues in recent years, both in analysis and in policy discourses, and that this silence has masked how gendered labour and power has often been woven into urban governance. For example, forms of women‐centred organising have been relied on in a range of government projects seeking to build community and participation within poor neighbourhoods. Such reliance may be increasing in a context of austerity. As well as this critical analysis of current policy, the paper argues for the reinvigoration of feminist visions of cities that suggest different framings of aspects of urban life. For example, rethinking the lines between public and private spheres might result in different forms of housing or sites of civic participation. Through engaging anew with such perspectives cities might become more just, caring, and equal for all.     

Conceptualizing Urban Inequalities as a Complex Socio-Technical Phenomenon

The United Nations World Social Report (2020) reveals that more than two thirds of the world's population live in countries where urban inequalities have increased in the last three decades. While urban inequalities are traditionally characterized as an economic issue, scholars are increasingly applying methods from geospatial analysis to study them. In the context of these advancements, it remains unclear what underlying perspectives are guiding decisions to concentrate on certain aspects of urban inequalities, while potentially ignoring others. We address this gap by reviewing the literature centered on the geospatial analysis of urban inequalities and identify three predominant research lenses from accessibility, distribution, and policy and stakeholder perspectives. As a primary contribution of this article, we connect the perspectives with ideas drawn from complexity theory to develop an overarching socio-technical framework for how urban inequalities emerge over space and time. While traditional scientific frameworks seek to increase knowledge through causality, complexity science acknowledges the inherent challenges in defining, understanding and solving complex problems such as urban inequalities, which has profound implications for their representation, modeling and interpretation. We critically reflect on the framework through key relational themes and insights drawn from the literature and close with considerations for future research.     

Gender,Science, Politics and Geographies of the City

Most histories of urban studies represent the theoretical statements of the Chicago School of Sociology in the 1920s as foundational. However, perspectives on sociospatial relationships associated with Robert Park and his co-workers could be recognised as a distinctively masculinised form of knowledge, centred on science, objectivity and distancing. Contemporaneous research on the city by women in the Chicago School of Social Service Administration has been ignored by (predominantly male) urban geographers and sociologists. I argue that this neglect can be explained by a downgrading of knowledge produced by these women in relation to scientific sociology, by the context of political radicalism within which the research was produced, and by subsequent developments in urban studies which were unsympathetic to their ideas. In making this case, I first identify significant theoretical contributions made by women in the School of Social Service Administration. Second, the marginalisation of the women's research is related to the sexist attitudes of male sociologists coupled with the claims of a masculinised social science, positioned above other forms of knowledge. The question of gendered knowledge is explored through object relations theory and, particularly, the work of Evelyn Fox Keller. Thirdly, I discuss the politics of women in the School of Social Service Administration and the Hull House Settlement. Their embrace of socialism, feminism and pacifism contributed further to their marginalisation .     

Multiculture,middle class competencies and friendship practices in super-diverse geographies

In this paper we use a small number of in-depth interviews with parents with primary school children to examine social mixing and friendship practices in two super-diverse North London boroughs. In these complex geographical contexts, characterized by gentrification processes and old and new migrations, we suggest that primary schools are convergent places where adults and children from different backgrounds are likely to meet and interact, and the paper explores the extent to which adults and children, thrown together in and through these sites, negotiate relationships with those who are differently socially and culturally situated to themselves. Informed by the interview narratives, the paper highlights the importance of focusing on the micro, quotidian ways in which differences in social and/or ethnic background shape those relationships and it explores some instances of the ways in which those differences are routinely encountered, managed and/or avoided. In this way the paper contributes theoretical and empirical nuance to current concerns around difference and diversity and the interactions of complex urban populations by ‘adding’ social class to everyday multiculture perspectives and everyday multiculture perspectives to urban middle class debates.     

Locating the “People Without History” in Histories of the Ancient Near East

Three books discussed here illustrate multidisciplinary approaches to studying ancient civilizations and a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives. They suggest that in addition to the traditional focus on elites and urban origins, we should analyze nonelites and smaller scale communities. I concur that focusing on elites gives an incomplete and inaccurate picture of life and culture in the ancient Near East. Instead, these books shed light on the “people without history” in the ancient Near East. This “social history” must be integrated into economic and political models of past cultures to fully understand ancient civilizations.     

Making Space in Geographical Analysis

In this commentary we reflect on the potential and power of geographical analysis, as a set of methods, theoretical approaches, and perspectives, to increase our understanding of how space and place matter for all. We emphasize key aspects of the field, including accessibility, urban change, and spatial interaction and behavior, providing a high-level research agenda that indicates a variety of gaps and routes for future research that will not only lead to more equitable and aware solutions to local and global challenges, but also innovative and novel research methods, concepts, and data. We close with a set of representation and inclusion challenges to our discipline, researchers, and publication outlets.     

城市群创新投入的空间格局与创新绩效研究——以长江经济带所辖城市群为例

创新投入在城市群内的空间格局是城市群内城市间创新功能分工的综合体现,对城市群整体创新绩效有着较为深刻的影响。基于此,本文以长江经济带6 大城市群为样本,借用城市基尼系数和城市首位度方法,计算了其创新投入的空间格局和演化趋势,并运用面板协整的方法分析了城市群整体创新绩效与创新投入空间格局之间的均衡及因果关系。研究发现：①6 大城市群中长三角城市群、武汉城市群和长株潭城市群的创新资源配置属于单核结构模式,其余的城市群为"双中心"或"多中心"模式;②城市群整体技术创新绩效与创新投入空间格局的城市首位度之间存在"倒U型"关系;③城市群技术创新绩效与城市首位度之间互为长期因果关系,但是从短期看,仅存在城市首位度对技术创新绩效的单向因果关系。     

人流联系和经济联系视角下区域城市关联比较——基于手机信令数据和企业关联数据的研究

手机信令数据所代表的人流联系与国内外研究常用的企业关联数据在测度城市关联存在何种差异,尚缺乏明确的研究。本文以江西省北部地区为研究对象,分别以手机信令数据、企业关联数据测度城市关联,比较了两种城市关联与城市之间空间距离、人口规模的关系,比较了两种城市关联网络的层级、结构、腹地。主要研究发现：人流联系不仅集中在城市周边地区,而且集中于较高等级城市之间;经济联系则主要集中在较高等级城市之间。人流联系、经济联系受到城市人口规模影响均较小。人流联系显著地符合幂函数空间衰减规律。手机信令数据和企业关联数据是两种不同的城市关联数据,但可互为补充,较为全面地反映城市关联。     

90年代国内关于“知青运动”研究综述

当“知青文学”这种艺术体裁在反映该重大历史事件的局限性日益暴露时 ,为了更加科学、严谨、深刻地审视分析和理论总结 ,自 1 987年张化的《试论“文化大革命”中知识青年上山下乡运动》问世以来 ,国内学者在十多年的艰难探索中终于逐渐走出沉寂清冷的低迷氛围 ,取得了一定的研究成果。它们从不同的角度、不同的时段 ,以犀利的笔锋指向某个关键问题 ,体察的角度往往超过面面俱到的纪实性著作。随着研究的深入 ,人们已经能够超越情感的羁绊 ,以冷静的心态公证评说。近年来一系列颇有新意的理论探讨 ,为新时期现代化建设提供了极有价值的借鉴     

Medium-sized cities in urban regions

A research project of the German Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning focussed on the role and the perspectives of medium-sized cities in urban regions. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were combined. The main results concretize the development, the functions and the perspectives of medium-sized cities. Simultaneously, the role of medium-sized cities was investigated in the regional context, considering that in urban regions the hierarchy of large, medium-sized and small cities is overlapped by network structures.     

Closed Condominiums as Urban Fragments of the Contemporary City

Contemporary cities have witnessed the emergence of new real-estate products in which gated communities and closed condominiums (CCs) can be included. The proliferation of these urban products is worldwide, with similar patterns that are analysed in this paper according to five perspectives of analysis: physical, economic, social, political and cultural. These perspectives cross-cut some of the main issues of discussion of the contemporary urban debate associated with private residential developments. These developments seem to appeal to an increasing number of social groups and have been able to adapt to different planning systems. With a smaller scale, these developments emerged in Portugal in the form of CCs, and are analysed in a case study in Greater Oporto. The purpose of this paper is to present the Portuguese singularities of this phenomenon in comparison with the worldwide dimension. In our case study we find some important particularities strongly associated with the Portuguese planning system. Some of these particularities have negative impacts on the surrounding urban landscape. As a result, CCs demand specific planning policies to counteract the negative consequences they are likely to generate in local social and urban fabrics. In the absence of these policies, CCs, as well as other private residential developments, are likely to contribute further to an increasingly fragmented and divided urban landscape.     

以虹口公园为例论都市公园之命名

都市公园是都市重要旅游资源。都市公园命名是旅游文化、都市文化、地名文化之重要课题。本文以上海著名旅游景观虹口公园（鲁迅公园）园名问题为例,从个性与共性两大方面探讨都市公园之命名。     

中国地理学对乡村发展的多元视角研究及思考

乡村发展是一个综合性和复杂性的问题,具有多元化的观察视角。本研究从地理学出发,选取空间、转型、功能、制度四个视角,对当代中国乡村发展研究的现状进行系统化梳理,并分别对四个视角下的研究内容进行评述,发现我国地理学研究呈现多元视角融合的趋势,且存在缺少多元理论指导、对城乡关系关注不足的共性问题。基于此,结合国内外乡村发展研究最近成果及我国实情,尝试提出中国地理学对乡村未来发展研究的导向：推进城乡一体化为导向的乡村空间重构研究、加强新型城镇化背景下的城乡发展网络研究、加强城乡统筹理念下的乡村多元发展路径研究、推进城乡等值化理论指导下的乡村规划和管理研究。     

Staying on Top: Why is Munich so Resilient and Successful?

This article seeks to explain why Munich, Germany's most economically successful city in recent decades, has proved so resilient despite various challenges and shocks. It begins by discussing different theoretical understandings of resilience and our methodological approach which builds on complex adaptive systems and evolutionary economic geography perspectives. Using a blend of historical analysis and in-depth investigation of the dynamics of one of the city's most innovative clusters, we argue that Munich's resilience essentially stems from the complex interplay of Germany's distinctive political history and federal system, which has promoted multi-level governance and a strong urban system, longstanding city regional leadership and entrepreneurialism, Munich's inherent assets and diverse economy and the combined strength of its many knowledge institutions, innovation system and networks. The evidence suggests that historic, structural and locational factors and agglomeration effects largely explain Munich's rise to prominence but that sustained urban and regional leadership and effective governance and policy especially in the technological, scientific and educational spheres coupled with intelligent urban planning have played an increasingly important role in sustaining its competitiveness.     

"近代城市发展与社会转型"学术研讨会综述

近代以来,城市发展引领着中国社会转型,社会转型以城市发展为先驱,为中心,为标识,为推力。而社会转型的过程,同样对于城市发展有着反馈与推动的作用。在城市化问题和社会转型话题愈来愈受人们普遍关注的当下,出席东华大学与上海市档案馆联合主办的“近代城市发展与社会转型”学术研讨会的学者们,以城市史与社会史复合研究为视野,分别就城市发展与社会变迁、城市管理与城市文化、工商金融与城市比较、社会群体暨重要人物、重大事件等方面进行了深入研讨,试图探寻历史的经验和教训,为现实提供借鉴与启示。     

Suzanne MacKenzie Memorial LectureConceptually unclad: feminist geography and Aboriginal peoples*

This paper argues that feminist geography can provide some useful lessons in an attempt to increase Aboriginal peoples' representation in geography. It asks the question: How can we use the example of feminist geography to think about a geography that is more inclusive of Aboriginal people? The paper focuses on the issues of content in teaching, drawing on examples from urban and social geography, and on methodological challenges, especially the issue of reflexivity. Feminist geographer Suzanne Mackenzie argued that an emerging feminist geography left the discipline ‘conceptually unclad’, challenging scholars to consider new theoretical frameworks and new perspectives. I argue that emphasising the geographies of Aboriginal people also enriches geography, including feminist geography.