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by Andrew Jones 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2009,91(3):203-218
Over the last decade, geographers have paid a great deal of attention to transnational firms (TNCs) and global production networks (GPNs) in the global economy, to the emergence of a mobile transnational business class and also to the development of global or globalizing cities. All three literatures have made important contributions to understanding the spatiality of global economic activity, but each adopts a fairly discreet theoretical and empirical focus. This article aims to outline a number of theoretical dimensions for thinking about how these key strands to the globalization debate can be brought together through the concept of global business spaces. It will propose a framework for understanding the spatialities of global economic activity that seeks to capture the complex interaction of material, social, organizational and virtual spaces that form the context through which it is constituted. With reference to business travel as a key form of economic practice which plays a central role in (re)producing these spaces, it assesses how these emerging spaces of global economic activity present problems for the conceptual categories commonly used by both urban and economic geographers. In so doing, it proposes a series of ways in which a different research agenda can produce new insight into the complex forms of social practice at the centre of global economic activity. 相似文献
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饭店企业长期以来移植制造业的业务流程,以分工与协作为效率要诀。作为服务业的饭店,其流程两端都是顾客需求,流程的双向性决定了信息的主导作用以及管理中顾客的参与性与互动性。因而,整合、综合将是效率的要诀。饭店流程要打破现有的分工协作体系,完成以整合、综合为主的流程再造。 相似文献
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Carl Grodach Anastasia Loukaitou‐Sideris 《International Journal of Cultural Policy》2013,19(4):349-370
Municipal governments around the globe increasingly turn to museums, performing arts centers, arts districts, and other cultural activities to promote and revitalize their cities. While a significant body of literature examines revitalization strategies that focus primarily around entertainment and commerce, the empirical body of research that specifically investigates the role of cultural strategies in urban redevelopment is still growing. This paper first discusses the development of municipal cultural strategies in the United States, and draws from the literature to outline the characteristics of three different models of such strategies. Second, the paper presents findings from a national survey distributed to municipal agencies involved in the promotion and development of cultural activities and facilities in large and medium‐sized US cities. The survey data indicate that although most agencies are guided by a varied set of goals, entrepreneurial objectives continue to guide the development and support of cultural activities in most cities. 相似文献
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by Jonathan V. Beaverstock Ben Derudder James R. Faulconbridge Frank Witlox 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2009,91(3):193-202
International business travel is now an omnipresent feature of working life for many millions of people around the globe. Whatever the organizational reason, it is now the likelihood that many individuals are engaged in undertaking work outside of the formal workplace in an irregular pattern which has become an almost ordinary aspect of their working-life. Such is the magnitude of international business travel that it is now highly significant for bringing multi-million dollar expenditure to countries and the global airline and hotel sectors, and supporting an international business travel management industry. Yet, surprisingly, little has been written on the agency of international business travel, beyond vignettes of the organizational requirement for physical proximity. In this introduction (and special issue) we consider what further academic analyses of business travel must do to extend knowledge and understanding of the growth and use of travel in the twenty-first century. The article is in five parts. First, we consider the function of international business travel in firms as part of strategies to tie-together spatially distributed subsidiaries. Second, we unpack the modes and spaces of business travel. Third, we discuss the impacts of business travel on both the traveller, but also the environment. Fourth, we introduce the major arguments and contributions of the four articles in this special issue. Finally, we identify future research agendas that should develop existing theory and understanding of the compulsion for international business travel. 相似文献
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ROBERT FREESTONE 《Geographical Research》2011,49(2):115-131
Airports are remaking Australian cities as they remake themselves as privatised enclaves of commercial entrepreneurialism. In line with overseas trends towards airport cities, all major federally leased Australian airports now derive a significant proportion of their revenue from non‐aeronautical property development. New land uses such as direct factory outlets, big‐box retailing, and even brickworks have proven most controversial. State governments, local councils, community groups, industry, and professional associations have expressed concerns about these commercial developments with statutory responsibility for development approvals vested solely in the federal government. The paper draws on the concept of ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ to interpret the making of the new market‐driven airport spaces, the controversies which have ensued, and the re‐regulatory interventions of the Commonwealth required to address community tensions. The debate about development of non‐aeronautical activities on federally leased airport land is explored through the lens of the National Aviation Policy Review. The recommendations of this Review aim to incrementally reconfigure the policy commitment to ‘light handed’ regulation but future planning conflicts seem inevitable. 相似文献
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宁夏赴阿拉伯国家出境商务旅游影响因素及机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宁夏赴阿拉伯国家商务游客为研究对象,通过问卷调查获取相关数据信息,采用主成分分析方法和地理探测器分析方法,对商务旅游的影响因素及机理进行了研究,结果发现：①宁夏赴阿出境商务游客呈现出高学历、高收入、高回访率的“三高”特征。②按影响因子解释力由大到小依次为：增加贸易量 > 收集产品信息 > 广告效应 > 商贸信息传播 > 文化交流 > 旅游购物。商贸活动是赴阿商务旅游的启动因素,其中“增加贸易量”是其最主要的影响因素,文化交流因子影响力较弱,但在赴阿商务旅游与贸易活动中作用独特。③各影响因素之间的互动影响,形成了赴阿商务旅游影响机理：“商贸目的激发商务旅游-形成商贸订单和合作关系-提升贸易额-推动信息传播-产生广告效应-促进文化交流-构建了人际关系-产生了新的商机-引发更大规模的旅游和贸易活动”。 相似文献
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Robert C. Kloosterman 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2010,92(2):131-143
The aim of this article is to broaden the epistemological basis for investigating the current shift to cognitive‐cultural economies and the resurgence of cities and its socio‐spatial articulation. The point of departure here is that the drivers of the structural changes are indeed more or less ubiquitous, but are played out in different national institutional and urban contexts resulting in potentially diverging cognitive‐cultural economies. Four main drivers of change after 1980 are distinguished. The first is the rise of a new technological paradigm based on digital technology. The second is the thrust towards deregulation and privatization as planks of the neo‐liberal political programme. The third is the intensification of all kinds of linkages between regions across the globe. The fourth driver constitutes the processes of individualization and increasing reflexivity that have fragmented consumer markets. By identifying distinct filters which might shape and mould the impact of these more general drivers on concrete urban areas, a comprehensive framework is presented that can be used to analyse and compare the trajectories of cities while linking them to a larger narrative of societal change. A central line of reasoning is that agglomeration economies – pivotal in Allen Scott's analysis of the emergence of a cognitive‐cultural economy – are themselves embedded in concrete social and institutional contexts which impact on how they are played out. To make this point, we build upon Richard Whitley's business systems. Given this institutional diversity, we expect that various institutional contexts will generate different cognitive‐cultural economies. 相似文献
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中国资源型城市的演化特征与趋势探析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在追溯中国资源型城市发展历史背景的基础上,选取1952、1984、1990和2004年四个时段我国届存的资源型城市,从城市数量、类别和空间格局的变化,比较系统地揭示了我国资源型城市演化的特征与规律,并剖析了其形成的根源;进而,对我国资源型城市的未来发展趋势作了探讨,为进一步研究资源型城市发展机制和调控措施等奠定基础。 相似文献
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Most large tourism businesses have corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives that advance environmental, economic and social sustainability. Existing research shows that initiatives often tend to be ad hoc, however, and linked to cost-savings and the reputation of the business. We suggest that this approach equates with Tourism First planning. In response to the greater demands being placed on businesses to act responsibly in the post-2015 era, we propose a Development First framework for CSR that is adapted from Peter Burns’ tourism planning model. This framework has a holistic, sustainable and people-centred focus and enables geographers and other social scientists to analyse the potential for initiatives to lead to positive, long-term development outcomes in different localities. 相似文献
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近年来我国历史文化名城保护研究的进展 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
我国历史文化名城保护的研究起步较晚,但发展很快。本文主要从名城保护概念,名城保护的三个层次,保护与发展关系等方面对近十年来的研究状况和进展作一综述。并指出总的发展趋势是从宏观走向微观、从单一走向多元,从理论走向实践。 相似文献
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对发展温泉旅游的建议 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
温泉旅游是温泉与休闲度假旅游相结合的产物。本文在简要论述了我国温泉发展现状及其与旅游业相结合所产生的新业态——温泉旅游的基础之上,针对我国温泉旅游的开发利用提出一些建议。 相似文献
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The Location and Concentration of Businesses in Britain: Business Clusters, Business Services, Market Coverage and Local Economic Development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Robert J Bennett Daniel J Graham William Bratton 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》1999,24(4):393-420
An important debate has recently developed around the significance of business clusters for the development of the economy. This paper assesses the extent to which concentrated clusters of businesses exist in Britain, using the fine spatial mesh of postcode districts. It identifies the major clusters using a development of the methodology to define local labour market areas. The paper demonstrates the high degree of localization and uneven development of businesses in Britain. It also shows that business service firms are even more highly localized and clustered than other businesses. Moreover, the larger the business centre, the more localized and clustered the firms. The pattern suggests that there is a strong influence of increasing returns of scale, and that, as well as local clusters, much of the British economy is covered by one metacluster. Implications from these results are drawn for the likely future development of the economy, the location of business service suppliers in order to develop their market coverage, and local economic development policy. 相似文献
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Igor Vojnovic 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2006,88(1):67-90
The objective of this paper is to make explicit the linkages between specific characteristics in the urban built environment, moderate physical activity (in particular walking and cycling), and public health. The review will take place at three different scales — the region, the city and the city‐block. At all three scales, the main interest is placed on accessibility, with the recognition that if distances are short enough and there is high connectivity within neighbourhoods, people might be encouraged to walk or cycle. The paper will draw on urban built environment characteristics from a number of Michigan municipalities, including Detroit, Ann Arbor, Birmingham, East Lansing and Okemos. 相似文献
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转型时期制约我国旅行社业市场绩效的原因探析——基于竞争有效性与所有权有效性双重视角 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国旅行社业整体绩效水平低下的深层原因是市场竞争失效和所有权结构失效导致旅行社企业无法有效地成长,实现规模化经营。因此,提升我国旅行社业整体绩效水平的根本是,变革旅行社业产业制度环境并同时推进旅行社业所有权结构改革,从而建立有效的竞争市场环境和有效的所有权结构。 相似文献
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中国热点旅游城市旅游国际化水平定量评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从国际旅游业发展水平和国际旅游业发展环境两大方面入手,构建了4层39个指标的评价体系,采用层次分析法,定量评价了中国27座热点旅游城市的旅游国际化水平。在此基础上,运用SPSS软件进行聚类分析,将中国热点旅游城市的旅游国际化水平划分为4种类型,最后分析了各城市旅游国际水平的优劣势和提升方向。 相似文献
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156项工程与新中国工业城市发展(1949～1957年) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“一五”时期,以156项工程为契机,新中国开始了全面的社会主义工业化建设。这些大型经济建设项目的启动,不仅改变了中国城市发展的道路、方向,而且为中国城市的快速发展提供了强劲的动力,从而推动了中国城市进入以重工业优先发展战略为导向的新阶段。在这一发展模式的作用下,中国城市的发展呈现出城市职能的经济化、城市化发展的高速化、大中城市优先发展以及区域城市发展均衡化等新特点,这种城市发展的变化既彻底改变了旧中国城市的半殖民地半封建性质,又为后来中国城市的发展奠定了全新的基础。 相似文献