商务客人的酒店需求特征及其在酒店规划设计中的应用

本文通过对广州、深圳、东莞等地的高星级商务酒店的住客调查,总结出商务客人对酒店设施与服务产品的需求特征,即重视酒店地理位置与商务设施、强调酒店的豪华与文化相结合、喜欢客房商务功能完善与装饰富有特色、喜欢酒店内康体娱乐设施多样化等,并根据这些需求特征,对商务酒店规划设计过程中的文化定位、功能规划、建筑设计、装饰设计提出了包括选址、商务设施配备、大堂与客房装饰格调、客房商务功能设计以及客房的房型比例、康体娱乐项目安排等方面的具体建议。     

Liminality at work in Norwegian hotels

ABSTRACT

Hotels are spaces of temporary accommodation, but they are also important temporary spaces for an increasingly mobile and segmented workforce with different backgrounds and motives. In this paper we wish to address the temporary and transitional nature of hotel work by employing the term ‘liminality’. More specifically, we analyse the hotel as a liminal space for transient workers that view this work as a temporary endeavour. By drawing upon data from a study of hotel workers in Norway, we discuss how the liminality of hotel work may be understood. Here, we turn to an important debate within tourism studies on the blurring relationships between consumer and producer identities in resorts, often referred to in terms such as ‘working tourist’ or ‘migrant tourist-worker’. For a relatively privileged group of workers, the hotel becomes a space of liminal lifestyle pursuits as well as a space of work. We also contrast this privileged group with a different and less privileged liminal group of ‘expatriate workers’. Transient lifestyles and consumption of recreation among workers can have problematic effects in terms of reducing solidarity, and we wish to develop this further by investigating how worker representation and solidarity develops in liminal spaces of work. While strategies of liminality may have a transformative impact on the individual, their aggregate effects might simultaneously alter the way in which hospitality work is negotiated – from the collective to the individual level. As such, hotels as employers of working tourists pose a great challenge to collective representation, and may undermine effective worker action for less privileged groups of workers. The final section of this paper addresses this challenge, asking what bearings the individualism that dominates liminal work spaces has for trade unionism in the hospitality industry.     

基于员工满意度的饭店软实力比较研究——以宁波本土饭店K和外资饭店H为例

本研究选取宁波本土饭店K和外资饭店H作为研究对象,采用问卷方法构建饭店员工满意度指标,以员工满意度作为衡量饭店软实力的切入点,将本土饭店K与外资饭店H的软实力进行了定量化的比较研究。研究表明,尽管本土饭店K的员工满意度高于外资饭店H,但在员工素质和长期发展等方面仍存在较大差距。本文还对员工学历、工资、职位等与员工满意度的关系进行了讨论。     

单体饭店委托管理成功关键影响因素实证分析

委托管理作为饭店连锁经营的主要途径,能够为单体饭店提升饭店竞争能力.但是在我国饭店委托管理的实践中,业主和管理公司之间纠纷较多,管理合同提前终止现象时有发生.如何有效实施委托管理,成为业主、饭店管理公司共同关注的热点问题.本文在文献研究与访谈的基础上,建立了成功实施单体饭店委托管理的关键影响因素的理论假设模型及指标体系,并通过问卷调查与统计分析进行了实证研究.研究结果表明,单体饭店委托管理成功实施的影响因素可分为5个维度:业主自身角色正确定位、饭店硬件匹配、合同全面合理、业主对管理公司准确选择和管理公司对合同有效实施,具体有27个关键影响因素.     

饭店应用供应链管理的特殊性与运作思路

饭店的供应链管理是饭店管理中非常重要但是还有待发展的课题。本文在现有的供应链及供应链管理理论基础上,对饭店所在的供应链及饭店在供应链中的必要性和特殊性进行了分析,提出了在饭店进行供应链管理的运作思路,力图使饭店能够建立优质的供应链体系,以增加饭店利润。     

THEORIZING GLOBAL BUSINESS SPACES

Over the last decade, geographers have paid a great deal of attention to transnational firms (TNCs) and global production networks (GPNs) in the global economy, to the emergence of a mobile transnational business class and also to the development of global or globalizing cities. All three literatures have made important contributions to understanding the spatiality of global economic activity, but each adopts a fairly discreet theoretical and empirical focus. This article aims to outline a number of theoretical dimensions for thinking about how these key strands to the globalization debate can be brought together through the concept of global business spaces. It will propose a framework for understanding the spatialities of global economic activity that seeks to capture the complex interaction of material, social, organizational and virtual spaces that form the context through which it is constituted. With reference to business travel as a key form of economic practice which plays a central role in (re)producing these spaces, it assesses how these emerging spaces of global economic activity present problems for the conceptual categories commonly used by both urban and economic geographers. In so doing, it proposes a series of ways in which a different research agenda can produce new insight into the complex forms of social practice at the centre of global economic activity.     

单体饭店连锁化经营模式的战略选择:资源基础理论的观点

本文的研究目的在于为单体饭店寻求连锁化发展的出路。本文从资源基础理论出发,对饭店企业关键成功因素进行了梳理与分析,并在此基础上对单体饭店进行了分类。针对部分单体饭店资源与能力不足的现状,本文分析了4种连锁经营模式的特点,并依据资源基础理论将各类单体饭店与经营模式进行了匹配,从而为我国单体饭店连锁经营模式的战略选择提供了基本思路。     

国内经济型酒店服务创新比较研究

伴随着经济型酒店的迅猛发展,各品牌的经济型酒店间竞争日益激烈。本文选取了品牌经济型酒店中13个典型的酒店作为样本,通过文献分析、对点评内容分析和实地调研分析发现各品牌经济型酒店间存在的差异,归纳构建出经济型酒店创新评价体系,并以此为基础,进一步利用专家打分法和问卷评分为各项创新项目评分,最终获得13个样本酒店的创新得分。通过分析发现以下结论：（1）从品牌市场占有率排名和创新得分的关系上可以看出,经济型酒店业的竞争手段主要依赖于规模的扩张,而非对服务的创新,这是行业成长期的主要表现;（2）比较延伸品牌与母品牌的创新得分可以发现,借助于品牌的管理经验和共享的预订平台,经济型酒店在品牌延伸过程中,品牌范围经济效应明显;（3）高端经济型酒店服务创新水平明显较高,但受商业模式限制,经济型酒店仅能在最重要的部分进行有限的创新。     

上海高级服务性公寓经营管理初探

本对酒店公寓行业特点作了较为全面的论述,并结合特定公寓酒店的管理实践,论述了高级服务性公寓经营管理特点,为如何推动酒店公寓行业的发展提供了第一手素材。     

对酒店管理受托方的激励约束现状分析——基于对52家国际品牌酒店的深度访谈和问卷调查

作为委托方的酒店业主如何对作为受托方的酒店管理公司进行有效的激励约束,是当今酒店管理实践的重要任务,也是旅游管理理论关注的前沿课题。本文在对国内52家国际品牌酒店的业主代表进行深度访谈和问卷调查的基础上,从酒店管理受托方的选择问题、报酬问题、控制问题、竞争问题和声誉问题五个方面,制订相关的指标,对酒店管理受托方的激励约束现状进行分析,认为目前的状况尚不够理想,并指出了当前酒店委托管理经营方式在实施过程中的一些亟需解决的问题。     

基于扎根理论的酒店数字化转型影响因素研究

数字化转型能够为酒店适应移动互联网连接的新环境、实现降本增效提供新的方向,因此,加强酒店数字化转型的理论研究是学界关注的重点。文章对11家实施数字化转型酒店的管理人员进行深度访谈,应用扎根理论提炼影响酒店数字化转型的重要因素并构建理论模型。结果表明：环境变化是酒店数字化转型的外部因素,酒店资源、企业家精神、员工参与程度、酒店能力和战略规划是内在驱动力。其作用机制为：酒店根据外部环境的变化,且依托自身资源基础和能力要素制定符合酒店发展方向的战略规划,并通过员工参与程度这一中介保障战略的有效实施。企业家精神调节酒店依据外部环境变化以及自身资源和能力做出战略规划的过程,且对员工参与程度有正向示范效应。     

Hotel design in British Mandate Palestine: Modernism and the Zionist vision

From the early 1920s through the 1930s, an important yet forgotten avant-garde architectural phenomenon developed in the Zionist community of British Mandate Palestine. In cities and resort regions across the country, several dozen modernist hotels were built for a new type of visitor: the Zionist tourist. Often the most architecturally significant structures in their locales and designed by leading local architects educated in some of Europe's most progressive schools, these hotels were conceived along ideological lines and represented a synthesis of social requirements, cutting-edge aesthetics, and utopian national ideals. They responded to a complex mixture of sentiments, including European standards of modern comfort and the longing to remake Palestine, the historical homeland of the Jewish people, for a newly liberated, progressive nation. This article focuses on Jerusalem's most ambitious modernist hotel, the Eden Hotel, to evaluate how the architecture of tourism became a political and aesthetic tool in the promotion of Zionist Palestine.     

Motel by the Roadside: America's Room for the Night

The origins of the American motel are rooted in the traveler's use of the automobile. After 1910 the need for inexpensive overnight facilities convenient to the roadside led to the establishment of auto camps in the United States, especially in the West. In the East, the tourist home served a similar function. The highway traveler's rejection of the hotel (most hotels were located in congested downtowns and lacked adequate parking facilities) prompted the rapid evolution of cabin camps, cottage courts, motor courts, motor inns, and, eventually, highway hotels. Standardizing influences were exerted first through trade associations and then through chain and franchise corporations. Changing motel morphology was characterized by evolution rather than revolution until the revised tax code of 1954 and the Highway Act of 1956 vastly accelerated motel construction attracting corporate investors. Hotels and today's larger motels are very similar with increased emphasis on public as opposed to private space and increased formality. Thus in fifty years the motel has come full cycle as an alternative to hotel accommodation.     

Towards a political geography of hotels: Southern Rhodesia, 1958–1962

This article sets out the case for taking account of hotels in political geography. It argues that hotels, as key spaces of welcome, association, and entertainment between public and private, are important political sites. They provide space for the performance of political ideologies and identities, where political campaigns can be made visible, where political relations can be illuminated and translated for international audiences, and where the ‘little things’ (Thrift, 2000, Thrift, 2004) that construct political geographies can be examined. Drawing on theoretical discussions of hospitality, as well as work in political geography, it explores the politics of multi-racial hospitality in the hotels of Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, between 1958 and 1962 in order to understand late colonial politics in Southern Africa. Considering three individual hotels, the paper elaborates their role as keys spaces in the landscape of exclusive ‘European’ sociability; as crucial sites in the enactment of and resistance to the colour bar; and as vantage points on Southern Rhodesian racial politics for international guests. The papers shows that far from being peripheral to the ‘real’ politics of diplomacy and government, hotels and the hospitable practises within them can be seen as crucial elements in the construction of local, national and international politics.     

Care-givers,leisure and meanings of home: a case study of low income women in Dublin

This article seeks to contribute to the literature on the meanings of domestic spaces by furthering understandings of the sorts of roles that space plays in shaping women's leisure experiences. The study researched a group of 15 women who live in disadvantaged areas of Dublin city and care for dependent children. Focus groups and structured conversations revealed the poverty of the spatial capital available to these women, depicting local environments as difficult and stressful, and to be endured rather than enjoyed. They further revealed the extent to which the women's lives were shaped by their obligations as care-givers. Within the home itself, private domestic spaces were found to be deeply embedded with powerful ideologies of motherhood that did not necessarily evaporate in the simple absence of obligations imposed by children. Instead, they tended to serve as constant reminders of how things ‘should be’, consequently constraining some women's abilities to divest themselves of care-giving duties and engage in self-focused recreation. Some of the women studied were able to move beyond obligation, and for them leisure represented modest yet significant opportunities to self-determinedly relax, reclaim and even luxuriate in certain spaces within their homes. Similarly, once relieved of child-caring responsibilities, leisure encounters within the local environment afforded some women new insights into familiar spaces.     

Diasporic dwelling: the poetics of domestic space

This article explores the politics of diasporic dwelling in domestic spaces. Heidegger's concept of ‘dwelling’ is popular in studies of diasporic life as it articulates a sense of belonging in mobility without the problematic connotations of rootedness conjured up by ‘home’. However, the way Heidegger's ‘dwelling’ functions in diasporic contexts is rarely considered, an absence this article seeks to address by exploring the concept in more detail, focusing in particular on ‘the fourfold’ and preservation. This discussion is grounded in the domestic spaces of two Palestinian women living in Britain. Drawing on in-depth interviews, the article explores how these women's houses, and particular spaces within them, enable and constrain their dwelling. I argue for greater attention to be paid to the expansive and integrative capacities of domestic space and demonstrate the need to address houses in their social context and as internally heterogeneous. This article also contributes to ongoing debates about material and symbolic dwelling and diasporic identities that include but also exceed territorialised belonging.     

“We Make it Work”: The Cultural Transformation of Hotel Workers in the City

This article explores the “cultural project” of a hotel workers’ union in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is an examination of the efforts of HERE (now UNITE‐HERE) Local 75 to transform the identity and image of hotel workers through the promotion of cultural activities involving rank‐and‐file members. Part of a larger union renewal project, the cultural project attempts to build solidarity by connecting with members’ lives beyond the workplace. Furthermore, the union's cultural strategies are linked to the development of the city's tourism sector, situating the union's efforts in broader processes of place promotion. The investigation seeks to identify how worker engagement with the cultural implicates organized labour in contradictory processes producing both emancipatory and oppressive economic landscapes.     

我国高档旅游宾馆空间分布特征与配置研究——以五星级宾馆为例

文章运用地理集中指数和洛仑兹曲线,分析了1997和2002年我国五星级宾馆的空间分布特征及其变化规律。并根据我国入境旅游业空间格局演变状况,借助二次项回归和等级相关性指数,探讨了五星级宾馆供给状况与我国入境旅游业发展的内在关联性,结论显示:我国五星级宾馆受入境旅游业影响明显,空间供给变化趋势与入境旅游业发展态势相似,北京、广东、上海三大入境口岸高档旅游饭店供给的绝对优势地位正在改变,初步形成东南沿海高供给带;最后,以各省区五星级宾馆数为基础,借助国际旅游外汇收入和入境旅游人数,建立了五星级宾馆建设的经济函数,为宾馆建设、化配置提供理论基础。     

IDENTITIES AND URBAN SOCIAL SPACES IN LITTLE TOKYO,LOS ANGELES: JAPANESE AMERICANS IN TWO ETHNO‐SPIRITUAL COMMUNITIES

Ethnic identities are expressed and articulated in particular places. These mutable identities are crucial sources of meaning in the lives of social actors. This article seeks to elucidate just how the contexts of specific institutions in an urban enclave will impact upon patterns of conflict and cooperation among different subgroups practising two religious traditions. Historical discourses of ethnic community and ‘race’, shifts in migration patterns and the changing nature of the Little Tokyo enclave provide the formative patterns of social spaces, in which ethnic actors seek to create lives of spiritual and material meaning and security. Barth's concept of the social organization of cultural difference encourages analysis of ethnic identities as a dynamic and mutable enterprise. Because the maintenance of boundaries is crucial to identities, the manner in which a group seeks to maintain difference is intermeshed with the social terrain of particular places. Through qualitative methods of semi‐structured and informal interviews and participant observations, this project engages Japanese American identities within the context of two religious communities in an urban enclave. Fieldwork was conducted in two institutions, a Protestant church and a Buddhist temple, with the aim of exploring how Japanese American identities are expressed and (re)negotiated within different ethno‐spiritual communities. Such communities are fundamental to the expression of ethnic identities, and to the emotional lives of worshippers, particularly seniors and new immigrants.