漫谈美国的酒店

“Hotel”一词在美国通用是在独立革命时期,它是指用来接待旅客和外地人的住所。它不同于Hotel一词的发源地法国,在那里,Hotel意指高贵寓所或市政厅。而在新大陆,Hotel代表一种新型企业。从财产和建筑角度看,英国人将Hotel视为私人财产,而美国人一开始就将其视为公众建筑,是为那些能付得起费用的人服务的建筑物。     

法国的“透明游戏”

4月15日,法国公布了一项前所未有的举措：在总统奥朗德的强烈要求下,包括总理埃罗在内的38名内阁成员,将自己的财产状况公布在政府的网站上。3月31日,这些财产的申报情况,已经递交给政治生活财务透明委员会。     

欧莱雅家族的豪门恩怨

她是欧莱雅的女继承人,欧洲最富的女人,却将大笔财产捐献给一个男摄影师。这场纷争甚至牵扯到法国的总统与部长     

法国大革命时期教会财产出售初探

所谓国有财产(Biens Nationaux),指的是大革命时期由国家出售的所有动产和不动产。国有财产按其来源可分为二大类:一类来自教会财产和部分王室财产,另一类来自被没收的,包括大革命时期所有的流亡者、被判刑者、被放逐者以及拒绝宣誓的教士的财产。在大革命史编纂学中,前者被称为第一源国有财产(Biens nationaux de la premiere origine),或教会财产,后者被称为第二源国有财产(Biens nationaux de la deuxième origine),或流亡者财产。     

Trivago网评全球最受欢迎滑雪度假胜地

<正>【环球网综合报道】现今,尽管滑雪季已接近尾声,但若您还想领略下季末滑雪胜地的自然风光,或是为来年冬季的旅行早作打算,Trivago网的推荐还是让您值得一看。据英国《每日邮报》2016年2月21日报道,德国酒店搜索网站Trivago依据酒店搜索网站的预定数据,列出2015-2016年冬季全球最受欢迎滑雪度假胜地名单,其中法国摩津聚首,其次是法国的夏蒙尼和波兰的扎科帕内。     

“文化财产归还其原属国”雅典国际会议召开

3月17日～18日．政府间委员会举办了各种活动以促进文化财产归还其原属国或归还非法占有的拨款。在此活动框架中,3月17日～18日在希腊雅典新卫城博物馆召开了“文化财产归还其原属国”国际会议,相关律师、博物馆专业人士和专家参加了这次会议,对有关归还文化财产领域的相关问题进行了讨论。     

快讯

<正>法国文化遗产普查的"宝典"将引进中国近日,记者从译林出版社获悉,《法国文化遗产普查的原则、方法和实施》由该社引进。该书由法国文化部文化遗产司文化遗产普查处出版,将于近期上市。法国的文化遗产普查可被称作为一项"永不落幕的系统工程"。1964年8月4日,作家、时任文化部长马尔罗和艺术史家安德烈·沙泰尔共同倡议,通过了有关古迹和艺术财产普查的法律,由此兴起了一     

法国宗教战争与欧洲近代政治思想的产生

在欧洲宗教改革的研究中,有一种矛盾的现象：一方面大力肯定宗教改革运动,称之为第一次资产阶级革命,特别推崇加尔主义的资本主义性质;另一方面,忽视或贬低法国宗教改革和法国宗教战争(胡格诺战争),还往往强调其贵族性或反动性。加尔是法国人,他一生中最关心的是法国的宗教改革,他的学说也产自法国的特定环境,这些明显的事实被惊人地忽视     

婚姻和政治，两难困局

在萨科齐离婚案被媒体热炒的背后,另一个现象引人关注:一项民意调查显示,法国近八成受访者认为,总统夫妇离婚对法国政治"微不足道或完全不重要";更有逾九成的人说,总统夫妇一拍而散不会改变他们对萨科齐的看法。这也许就是法国式的浪漫。当克林顿夫妇不得不为了政治"护婚",当查尔斯王子还要为十多年前的离婚而备受责难,萨科齐的离异却轻而易举地得到法国人的暗许。     

中世纪欧洲寡妇产的起源和演变

在中世纪的欧洲社会,新婚夫妇举行婚礼时,新郎要在教堂口当众宣布赠给新娘一笔财产(一般是指土地)。其用意是,倘若丈夫首先撒手西去,守寡的妻子可以以此作为生活的来源,享用终生。这就是寡妇产,或称遗孀产,其数量通常是亡夫财产的113。     

A Ship-Master’s House at Faversham,Kent

Abstract

The importance of this town house in a small Kentish river port lies in the survival of both architectural and historical evidence, providing complementary lines of enquiry. During restoration the original plan and the internal arrangements of this late 16th- or early 17th-century house were recorded. From documentary searches the successive owners of the property and their inventories describing the contents of individual rooms were traced.     

‘Vague Native Rights to Land’: British Imperial Policy on Native Title and Custom in New Zealand, 1837–53

What is often referred to as a common law doctrine of aboriginal or customary title neither underpinned imperial policies towards Māori property rights in the 1830s and 1840s nor was it viewed as a settled or broadly accepted legal doctrine. Rather, critics of imperial policies applying to New Zealand deployed these legal sources in order to challenge and influence the workings of imperial policy on British settlement within New Zealand. The particular emphasis of such policy was on disciplining the extent of such settlement and providing a land fund from crown grants. Imperial policy-makers did not endorse these legal sources despite their use in the decision of the New Zealand Supreme Court in Regina v Symonds (1847). In this context, there was no consensual legal view or approach as to the nature or content of indigenous property rights. Ultimately, in the face of disagreement, diverse views of the nature and extent of Māori property rights persisted. The perceived non-justiciability of such rights meant that political spaces rather than the courts were of ongoing significance to characterising and debating such rights.     

Maternalism, race, class and citizenship: aspects of illegitimate motherhood in Nazi Germany

This article juxtaposes three types of illegitimate motherhood that came in the wake of the Second World War in Nazi Germany. The first found institutional support in the Lebensborn project, an elite effort to raise the flagging birth-rates, which at the same time turned a new page in the history of sexuality. The second came before the lower courts in the form of paternity and guardianship suits that had a long precedent, and the third was a social practice that the regime considered a ‘mass crime' among its female citizenry: namely, forbidden unions between German women and prisoners of war. Through these cases the article addresses issues such as morality, sexuality, paternity, citizenship and welfarism. The flesh-and-blood stories have been culled from the Lebensborn Dossiers and Special Court files, as well as cases from the lower courts.     

Neoliberal Urbanity and the Right to the City: A View from Beirut's Periphery

Drawing on Lefebvre's theorization of space in order to examine the compatibility of neoliberalism and the right to the city, this study investigates how the formation of informal settlements since the 1950s had provided low‐income dwellers in Beirut (Lebanon) a means to conceive of and engage in city making (neighbourhood production, management, and organization) at a time when state regulations and/or market constraints would have excluded them from the city. It also examines how the prevailing neoliberal ideology of the 1990s, as translated through Lebanon's sectarian‐clientelist regime, is curtailing these possibilities. Evidence for the article was drawn from interviews with dwellers, developers and public officials, as well as from archival searches and aerial photographs.     

Realizing citizenship in property: Houseless encampments and the limits of liberalism's promise

This paper argues that geographers ought to pay closer attention to the role of property relations within political liberalism. Developing on the idea that propertied-citizenship excludes houseless or other property-insecure people from space, the paper argues that property-insecure people are instead incorporated within the relations of property. Examining how houseless people are incorporated within rather than outside of property, illustrates how key values of property long-held in liberalism are maintained and used to devalue a sense of social and political autonomy for the property-insecure. After tracing the dialectical relations of property with citizenship through the historical emergence of American liberalism, the paper examines how the values connecting property with citizenship continue to diminish the livelihoods of houseless people. Based on ethnographic research with self-governed houseless encampments in Portland, Oregon, I analyze how opposition to these unique types of houseless shelter affect encampment residents. What we are able to see from Portland's encampments, I argue, are the broader limitations of citizenship within liberalism which continue to be demarcated through a proper social order defined by property.     

Teaching industrial location — secondary data: second best?

Abstract

The study of industrial location has undergone several changes of emphasis. Neo‐classical location theories have been supplemented by studies based on the locational behaviour of individual firms. In turn, the value of these has been challenged by those of a structuralist persuasion. In order to engage in the resultant academic debates in an informed way, students need to know how specific businesses use geographic space. Ways of enhancing their knowledge by linking documentary searches with group presentations and field days are described here, both in general terms and by means of a case study.     

Confronting a history of war loss in a Spanish family archive

The article discusses how relatives of left-wing Republicans killed and buried in mass graves by Francoist groups during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) recompose the stories of violent death of their ancestors in connection to documentary evidence that emerges during the search for their human remains. Mass grave searches have taken place in the midst of a process of historical investigation that has brought families, historians, activists and archaeologists together in order to document and seek official recognition for these extrajudicial executions. In so doing, they have also prompted the circulation of personal papers and official Francoist files that bear poignant information about the victims. Both sets of documents converge in the family archive, eliciting different re-readings and acts of memory. The article considers how familial interactions with these material sources attempt to grasp and recreate a history of loss marked by rupture and filled with absences. It also explores how such historical and familial uncertainties marks the experience of disappearance in the Spanish context.     

Un-real Estate: Proprietary Space and Public Gardening

Many contemporary neo-liberal urban programs are enacted in order to protect private property, structured according to a logic of property, or designed to extend the workings of private property to public domains. My focus is on the latter, especially in relation to the principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Here, residents are encouraged to act in a proprietary way toward public space in order to expel anti-social forms of behaviour. Drawing on Oscar Newman's analysis of "defensible space", I document the link between CPTED and certain characterizations of property—that property is largely synonymous with private property, that it is communicated to others through clear acts, such as gardening, and that it is, or should be certain and clear. These principles, I note, echo hegemonic accounts of property. Perhaps for this reason, defensible space principles remain important to neo-liberal urban governance. I document their significance in relation to attempts to create a "Community Greenway" in inner city Vancouver. Drawing from interviews, I demonstrate that while residents did, indeed, lay claim to public space, they did so in complicated and collectivized ways that depart from the privatized certainties of neo-liberal notions of property. Such complications are also echoed in other accounts of defensible space. I conclude by urging geographers to take property more seriously, yet also acknowledge the overlapping and collectivized ways in which people can lay claim to urban space.     

Public School Search Policies and the "Politics of Sin"

In recent years, high school students have been subjected to greater levels of drug searching and surveillance on school grounds. The effect of such searching is potentially wide-ranging, because public schools "play an important role in socializing students according to the norms and mores of society" ( Vergari, 2000 ). Using the "morality politics" framework, this study reports and analyzes the presence of random, suspicionless drug searches in the Nebraska public schools. Whereas most studies of morality policy have focused on the state as the unit of analysis, we consider the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of principals in regards to drug policies in schools. Our findings, based on a survey of 181 high school principals, reflect several features of morality policy. There has been a significant rise in the number of random drug searches, despite the principals' observation that these measures neither lessen drug use nor catch perpetrators. The most important predictors of drug policy are pressure from local sources, perception of the problem within the community (but not the schools), and the racial composition of schools. Principals articulate limited concern for student rights, and students largely accept searches without resistance. In the discussion, we consider these findings in light of recent court rulings and introduce the potential ramifications of waging the drug war in our nation's classrooms and hallways.     

职务过失犯罪处罚原则的理性思考

职务过失犯罪是业务过失犯罪中的一类。由于职务过失犯罪的行为人在从事公职的过程中亵渎自己的工作职责,严重侵犯国家机关及其他国有单位的正常活动,侵犯公共财产、国家和人民群众利益,故学界普遍主张对职务过失犯罪应从严惩处。为了加强对职务过失犯罪的处罚力度,从刑法理论的角度分析刑法处罚职务过失犯罪的现状、进行中外刑事立法的比较研究、论证从严惩治的法理、提出完善刑事立法的建议是十分必要的。