三十年来我国的夏商史研究

一、夏代历史文化研究的进展与问题 在先秦史的研究中,有关夏文化与夏史的研究,是改革开放三十年来取得进展最显著的领域之一。由于我们还没有发现属于夏代的系统的文字,史书中有关夏朝的记载均属于夏代之后的人的一些记述,特别是长期以来国内外学界有相当多的人对于历史上有无夏王朝尚有怀疑,因而对于夏史和夏代历史文化的研究,已不能停留在文献的领域,必须与考古学相结合,     

夏商周考古

<正>70年来,河北夏商周时期考古取得了一系列令人瞩目的成绩。重要田野考古发现接连不断,填补了一个个学术和区域历史空白,出土的丰富遗存引起社会各界重视,奠定了河北夏商周时期考古的国内外地位。考古学文化的内涵性质、谱系结构等研究不断深入,运用自身学科方法逐步建立起了区域内夏商周时期历史文化演进格局,在相当程度上提升了对本地"三代古史"的认知程度。本文主要针对河北地区夏商西周阶段考古而言。由于目前尚难以从考古上确定夏代     

从二里头遗址的主要发现看夏代礼制的几个特点

礼在中国古代社会生活中发挥过重要的作用。在三代之礼中,关于商代和周代的礼已经形成了较为全面的认识,然而关于夏代之礼却着墨者甚少。二里头遗址是研究夏代文化的重要考古学遗存。通过二里头遗址的考古学发现,可以初步认识夏礼的主要特征。     

新华文化述论

老虎山文化之后,河套地区龙山时代考古学文化面貌呈现出高度的一致性④。从出土器物来说,除了整体文化面貌上延续了老虎山文化的主要特征之外,还出现了以宽圜裆向窄裆演化为标志的成熟形态的三足器类。鬲、晕、盂、觑、三足瓮等作为其中最具代表的标志性器物,其发展与演化贯穿了龙山时代中、晚期至夏代早期。研究表明,处于中国北方地区的河套一带,从龙山中、晚期以来考古学文化的分异性特征越来越加明朗化。     

建国以来的夏文化探索

夏文化又称夏代文化,是夏王朝时期夏部族所创造和遗留下来的物质文化遗存,它是属于考古学范畴的一种文化。由于文献记载的夏代史料甚少,所以研究夏史的学者都希望寻求和利用夏人留下来的实物资料以补充文献记载的不足。这种寻求夏代实物资     

夏代文化的再探索

近几年来,在学术界探索夏代文化的空气十分活跃。随着考古材料的不断丰富,和碳14在考古学上的应用,使对夏代文化的研究发展到一个新的阶段。当前并不是没有发现夏代文化,而是对考古发现的文化存在着不同的认识。但是在不同的认识中又有比较一致的看法。有的人认为夏代文化当是河南龙山晚期和二里头一、二期文化;有人则认为河南龙山晚期文化不是夏代文化,二里头一、二、三、四期文化才是夏代文化;也有人     

程平山《夏商周历史与考古》简评

人民出版社2005年6月出版的《夏商周历史与考古》一书,是程平山多年研究夏商周历史与考古的成果。该书收录论文15篇,分为三个部分:夏代的纪年、都邑和文化,先商暨商代历史地理与文化,周代历史与文化。通读之后,我认为本书有以下突出的优点。第一,视野宽广。《夏商周考古学论文集》涉及到三代历史与考古学上一些令人关注的重大和深层次的问题,在探讨这些问题时,能将历史学、考古学、古文字学、历史地理学等多学科内容紧密结合,协调统一。例如,《夏代纪年考》一文将古文献、历史地理、考古学文化紧密结合,对夏代纪年、都邑和文化进行一体的研…     

图们江流域青铜时代的几个问题

根据现有材料,图们江流域的青铜时代考古学遗存可以分为两种考古学文化类型,早期为兴城文化,其年代跨度为龙山文化末期-夏代;晚期为柳庭洞类型,年代跨度为商-春秋战国。大六道沟遗址的考古遗存既包括新石器时代堆积,也包括青铜时代堆积,从而否定了原有的关于该遗址为单一的新石器时代遗存的观点。     

东下冯文化与二里头文化比较及相关问题研究

文章通过对东下冯文化与二里头文化遗存进行比较研究,并结合文献及专家学者的研究成果,得出二者之间在文化面貌上虽有较多的共同因素,但差异较大,属于不同的考古学文化。东下冯文化的形成受到了二里头文化的较大影响,但自始至终保持自身的独特文化面貌。二里头文化属于夏人文化,东下冯文化似不属于夏人的文化,可能为夏代唐人的遗存。东下冯文化与二里头文化似乎为联盟的关系。     

二里头文化商榷

根据文献记载,我国商代之前有个夏代,这个历史阶段是可信的。从考古学的范围来说,我们已经确定无疑地找到了商代文化,夏代文化虽然当前仍在探索之中,但是依据地层上的明确证据及对其文化内涵的分析,二里头文化很可能就是我们所要探索的夏代文化。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the