《说文解字》引《礼》《礼》所无考

许慎著的《说文解字》(以下简称《说文》)往往引经证字,即《序》中所谓“厥谊不昭,爱明以谕.”今考《说文》引《礼》138条,或出《周礼》、或出《仪礼》、或出《礼记》,然有22条为今传三《礼》所无.历代研究者或以《说文》所引非三《礼》文,或以今传之三《礼》有误,莫衷一是.本文在前人研究基础上,逐条探讨了《说文》引《礼》而令传三《礼》所无之条,考其原因,述之于下.     

阜阳汉简《苍颉篇》

阜阳汉简包括多种古代典籍,因残破过甚,只能根据内容、书体、字形大小及简的质地、颜色、形状等加以区分归类,《苍颉篇》即其中之一。《苍颉篇》系竹简,系以三道编绳,两道编绳之间距离为11.3厘米左右,现存最长的一条简尚有18.6厘米,估计原简当在25厘米左右。阜阳汉简《苍颉篇》包括《苍颉》、《爰历》、《博学》三篇,四字为句,有韵可寻,今依周秦古韵,分句排列,韵字下加号注明。无韵可寻者,不再注出;无法断句者,原文照录。     

《说文解字》版本考述

《说文解字》今存最早的版本是唐写本《木部》残卷和《口部》残卷,虽存字不多,但所据皆为当时传本中之善本,可校正后传《说文》之误者颇多。北宋大徐本出,除小徐本外,它本《说文》尽快,现存来刻元修大徐木共三种．即王昶藏本、汪中藏本和黄志淳藏本,三本同出一源或互有传承关系,其中以黄志淳藏本为最古。清代依来本刊刻者有孙星衍《平津馆丛书》初刻本、藤花榭本和了少山仿刻宋监本,三本皆有意保留来本原貌,唯丁本作过少许校改,颇精审。宋代另有徐锴《说文解字韵谱》和李焘《说文解字五音韵谱》两种《说文》改编本,后者照录《说文》原释语,更具校刊价值。     

秦简《寡》、《天》、《■》诸卦解诂——兼论《归藏易》的若干问题

王家台秦简《归藏》首卦名《寡》, 为《坤》卦别名, 卦辞讲“不仁”, 夏后启投渊、共工坠江, 都是“不仁”的恶果。次卦名“天”, 乃《乾》卦别名, 卦辞说过早地让诸侯们来朝见, 不利于农业收成。“”是《既济》卦别名, 卦辞以虫蛀咬席子, 来隐喻商朝北方受到鬼方的侵扰。《师》卦残辞可与传本《归藏》缀合, 讲周穆王西征的故事。“”为“瞿”字异体, 乃《睽》卦别名, 残辞可与传本《归藏·瞿》卦佚文缀合, 以“两羭”醉酒“三日然后苏”, 来隐喻商王朝国家无忧。秦简《归藏》与传本《归藏》的内容基本相同, 而传本《归藏》实乃战国魏襄王墓出土《易繇阴阳卦》的佚文。它是战国早中期人在《周易》筮占体系的影响下, 依托《山海经》、《楚辞》等文献里的人物故事, 编撰而成的易学著作。     

《清华大学藏战国竹简》与《古文尚书》《说命》篇文体比较

《清华大学藏战国竹简》(以下简称《清华简》)(三)所收《说命》三篇是一个在结构、内容、对话形式等方面与《古文尚书·说命》三篇存在较大区别的版本。《清华简?说命》三篇是一个完整的仪式记录,分为追叙式的序辞、训诫性的命辞和补记性的语录三个部分,叙事细腻生动,对话以王言为主,刻意塑造贤能之臣。《古文尚书?说命》三篇均为完整的训诰体,说理透辟明晰,对话以臣言为主,注重营构纳谏之君。前者价值在于仪礼存档,后者价值在于文体塑形。两版都体现了各自产生的文化背景,互相比较,亦可再次确证《古文尚书》《说命》篇之伪。     

《春秋左氏传郑义辑述》辨正四则

《春秋左氏传郑义辑述》辨正四则陈建樑徐孝实先生《春秋左氏传郑义辑述》（见《文史》第八辑）辑录郑玄於他书注解中提及《左传》的条文,用功极深。拜读之间,仅录其中可商榷者四则,以就正於方家。（一）《昭公三年》：三老冻馁。朱鹤龄《读左日钞》：黄震曰;郑康成解...     

以《家世旧闻》校证《长编》误字三例

李焘《续资治通监长编》多引宋人笔记,今读陆游《家世旧闻》（孔凡礼点校）,有可资校证中华书局点校本《长编》误字者三例：     

浅议《西游记》中的女性形象

《西游记》作为神怪小说的优秀代表作,以生动的形象、奇幻的境界、诙谐的笔调赢得历代读者的喜爱。《西游记》中的女性形象不尽属人类,大致可分为女人、女妖、女仙三种类型,这三种女性类型可视为现实生活中良家妇女、荡妇和贞女的象征。通过对这三类女性形象的研究可发现作者男尊女卑、女色误人等较为传统的女性观。     

《游金梦》与性情命

正《游金梦》是复旦大学古典文学名师骆玉明教授近几年在《瞭望东方周刊》开设的"秋水杂篇"专栏,是其漫谈《西游记》、《金瓶梅》和《红楼梦》这三部古典小说的随札。为何选这三种?骆老师以为,中国古典小说"在审视和演示人性方面,这三种表现得最为丰富和深刻"。骆老师对这三种小说的读解和评说,全然以性情入,以性情出。     

说《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》

《周礼》、《仪礼》和《礼记》,今日合称“三礼”。“三礼”之名,起于东汉之末。郑玄注“三礼”后,特崇《周礼》,而后人又崇郑学,于是《周礼》就一跃而居“三礼”之首。十三经中,所以将《周礼》列于《仪礼》之前,殆以此也。《左传》中经常提及的《周礼》,可能是周公的旧典,不一定是今日的《周礼》。现在的《周礼》,大约出现于战国时期,本名《周官》(《史记·封禅书》),也称《周官经》(《汉书·艺文志》),后称《周官礼》(《汉书·艺文志》颜师古注),又尊称《礼经》(荀悦《汉纪》卷二十     

Lives on hold: the Dampierre family,captivity and the crusades in thirteenth-century Champagne

ABSTRACT

Captured outside Latakia in 1203, the Fourth Crusader Renard II de Dampierre was imprisoned in Aleppo for 30 years. The families of captured crusaders lost contact with their imprisoned sons, husbands and fathers for years, even decades, at a time. Such prolonged absences presented significant challenges, and life was delayed for both the imprisoned and their families. The landholdings of captured crusaders could not be alienated or mortgaged, marriages could not be made, nor could inheritances be divided without their permission. This state of affairs became less feasible the longer imprisonment continued. Eventually titles were apportioned between the rightful heirs, wives remarried and families moved on. Although Renard’s case is often cited as an extreme example, it also furnishes extensive evidence of the impact of captivity on a crusading family, the trials they endured in the prolonged absence of their patriarch and the strategies they used to overcome them.     

Some Significant Recent Books in the Field of Mediaeval Literature

Although much has been written about André Breton’s concept of the Surrealist image, the present article examines a number of aspects that have so far escaped notice. In particular, it examines several antecedents of Pierre Reverdy’s theory of the image and compares the latter to that developed in the Manifeste du surréalisme. A close reading of the manifesto reveals the presence of a previously unknown model used by Breton in formulating his theory.     

The Literature of English Post-Medieval Pottery

Abstract

A modern construction management technique—the Gantt chart—is used to examine how builders organized the erection of four surviving farm buildings for Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal Hall between 1659 and 1688. His accounts allow detailed bar charts to be drawn to show the number of men employed on each trade and the duration and succession of their work.

As considerable savings could accrue from selling oak bark for tanning, tree felling was delayed until late Spring to ease bark peeling. Thus the use of unseasoned timber was encouraged, for barns had to be weather-tight by harvest time. These dual constraints imposed on builders a need to schedule their work carefully, however informally, if they were to meet their target dates.     

晋侯稣钟铭■城之战地理考

晋侯稣钟铭所记战争是《国语.周语上》所说宣王丧南师并“料民于太原”之后进行的,晋侯稣钟铭所记城之战交战地点并非齐鲁的郓城一带,而在今河南中南部的“南国”钧台一带。本文并对夙夷及其有关地名进行了探讨。     

也谈影响中国出兵朝鲜决策的因素

对于一个新生政权的国家领导入而言,国家安全无疑是最重要、最敏感的国家利益,但是朝鲜战争爆发以后美国的介入以及战争的不断升级,导致中国领导人的安全感逐步丧失,不安全感不断加深,并最终作出抗美援朝的决策。从中国领导人对国家安全程度的主观感受及思路来看,中国决定出兵朝鲜实属情理之中的决策。     

Bank Erosion in the Bellinger Valley,New South Wales: Definition and Management

Lateral channel migration is normal or autogenic, with bank erosion often on concave and accretion on convex banks. Where bank erosion occurs, particularly at an accelerated rate through land abuse and an increase in flood magnitude and frequency or allogenic, it threatens human use of the flood plain. There is a demand for protection, often with very little understanding of the erosion hazard. Measurements based on photogrammetry were used to define bank erosion and accretion, as well as width changes, in eight meander arcs (11 sections in each) over 41 years. It was concluded that, if this rate continued over the next century, 82 ha of alluvial land, 6.2 km of roads, two bridges, 9 homes and 51 home sites could be lost. Various management options, costs and benefits are given in order to show how future planning and protection can be more rational.     

“江南本”《史记》考略

"江南本"《史记》曾藏于北宋御府,至南宋时已残缺近半,后来亡佚.该书的情况,仅见南宋高似孙论及.本文主要依据高氏所提供的江南本《史记》例文,并参北宋景祐本等相关材料校证,得出以下结论:江南本《史记》为五代官写本.该本与北宋官方刊定的《史记》文本有密切关系,可能就是北宋时校刊《史记》用的底本,它是唐宋之间《史记》传承的一个重要环节.     

江淮东部原始文化的命名与青墩文化的内涵

江淮东部原始文化的命名在考古界一直存在不少争议,有“青莲岗文化”、“龙虬庄文化”等。青墩遗址的发掘是20世纪70年代江淮东部最大的一次并具有典型遗迹的考古发现,由于该发掘报告晚了10年发表,使它错过了独立文化命名的良机。但是,青墩遗址仍属于最早发现并能概括和代表江淮东部原始文化的稳定的基本内涵、特征和性质。     

萧梁钱币铸造工艺模拟实验

中国古代的铸钱工艺从先秦至六朝皆系范铸工艺,隋唐以后采用砂型铸钱并一直沿用至清代末年。在这两种工艺之中应当有一个技术过渡期,从目前田野考古发现的铸钱遗址看,这个过渡期应在六朝。对于批量铸钱而言,范铸法铸钱技术最高形式即为叠式浇铸,而叠铸技术水平最高者,莫过于萧梁时期的双面纹叠铸范,它不仅以省工省料见长,并且一套范一次浇铸的钱数可达到500枚左右,这是汉代叠铸钱工艺无法实现的。本工作通过模拟实验验证了萧梁时期的无榫卯双面纹叠铸钱工艺的可操作性,力图阐明六朝萧梁时期铸钱工艺中制模制范技术的先进性,以及与汉代传统叠铸钱工艺的技术比较。     

西汉“侯邑”更名“侯国”年代断限及 相关问题考辨

西汉时期列侯封地名称存在一个由“侯邑”演变为“侯国”的过程。综合利用传世文献以及印章、封泥、简牍中与列侯同名的邑类材料,可以推断西汉侯邑更名为侯国的时间在文帝三年左右。更名原因主要有西汉列侯地位逐步下降、侯邑与汤沐邑难以区分以及同名县邑增多等。侯邑更名为侯国,不只是名称的变易,还实际反映了西汉列侯性质的变迁,列侯逐渐丧失了其相对独立的地位。明确侯邑与汤沐邑的区别,可以为判断出土文献中“邑”类材料的性质、断限提供可靠依据,进一步促进汉邑问题的深入研究。