满洲族称源自部落名称——基于《满文原档》的考察

梳理《满文原档》记载,可以肯定,manju(满洲)作为ju?en(女真)族所属部落之一,在清太祖时期已然存在。迨其兴起以后,"满洲"之名常被用作国号,指代金国。至天聪九年(1635)十月十三日,清太宗皇太极更改族称,以manju(满洲)取代ju?en(女真)。满洲遂名闻遐迩。     

私塾体罚学生 家长控告教育局

<正>市教育局布告称,现根据商民李深泉呈称,他有两个儿子,长子名国豪,年十一岁,次子名国杰,年九岁,同在河南岐兴北志明学校蔡志明先生处从学。长子国豪因于本月二     

日本军国主义的幽灵在亚洲徘徊——读《满洲国史》(日)总论之感

<正>1971年1月,由日本约140余名军国主义分子编写,170余万字的《满洲国史》(下称满史)在日本出版发行。80年代后,由黑龙江和吉林省社会科学院历史研究所,进行了翻译印制。满史开篇,现今日本首相安倍晋三的外祖父岸信介(1957年时的首相)的推荐辞中说:"我曾屡次遍访东南亚各国,每次都会想起满洲国的事情……日本今后的使命,仍是在于实现亚洲的复兴和团结,这一点是不会改变的"     

东北沦陷时期日本的殖民宣传——以《滨江时报》为中心

日本占领东北后,建立了满洲国傀儡政权,通过伪满政权进行殖民统治。为了达到永久侵占东北的目的,巩固其殖民地位,日本人利用各种手段进行殖民宣传。为此,日本通过伪满建立了殖民宣传的统制机构——弘报处,并开动了一系列的宣传机器:不断提高无线电发射频率,放送无线电广播至穷乡僻壤;推行"国策"映画,垄断电影市场;开展所谓的"社会教育",向广大民众宣传"日满一体"和"王道思想";向满洲国移植日本"天照大神",控制东北人民的心理、精神、希望和行动,达到"借宗教谋同化"的目的。     

真假背后的玄机

正李遇是唐代的一个穷秀才。科考失败后,亲戚王安推荐他到一位官员家当私塾先生。官员赏识他的才华,就招他当了上门女婿。一次,李遇听说王安喜欢古玩,就拿着一枚玉石戒指,找他鉴定。王安仔细看了看说":戒指是假的。"李遇听了,沮丧地说:"那就给你家孩子当玩物吧!"过了几年,王安家道中落,只好靠卖家产度日。一天,他拿着戒指到一家古玩店变卖:"我想卖100两银子!"王安对店员说。店员答:"请稍等,我去请老板。"结果,从屋里走出的老板正是李遇!"你怎么会在这?"王安很惊讶。"我倒想问问,您为何要卖这枚假戒指呢?"李遇话音刚落,王安拿起     

梁启超与日俄战争

日俄战争期间,流亡日本的梁启超对这场战争给予了关注,对战争中与中国有关的事件进行了评论。他希望通过这场战争能够增强国人改专制为立宪的决心,以实现救亡图存。他认为,清政府不应该采取"局外中立"的政策,并由此引发了对满洲中立与主权问题,满洲人民的权利、义务问题的论述。战争结束后,俄国占领的旅顺口、大连湾应归还中国,是否租借应由中国决定。通过和约,日俄两国划分了各自的势力范围,瓜分了满洲。     

战后日本满洲移民“记忆之场”的生成——以20世纪60-70年代原开拓团的建碑、祭奠活动为中心

1945年日本战败至50年代末,满洲移民的自身体验处于失语与沉默的状态。但在60年代,全国满洲开拓纪念碑的建立、《满洲开拓史》的刊行及定期举行的祭奠活动成为想起满洲开拓体验的契机,多元化的满洲个体体验被凝缩为集体记忆,以物质形式变得可视化。这种全国性的活动与仪式,作为一种格式化模式在地方社会的满洲移民相关团体中不断扩散、流通、复制与再生产,促使了满洲开拓的"记忆之场"的形成。     

清代前期东北地区赫哲"新满洲"形成初探

入关后,特别是在康雍时期,为加强对东北少数民族的管理、填补东北防务空虚、巩固东北边疆,清政府在东北地区实行"徙民编旗"政策,将少数民族部众大规模迁入内地,以"新满洲"形式编入满洲八旗,极大缓解了八旗兵源不足的问题,也为满洲共同体输入了新鲜血液。赫哲"新满洲"入旗后,即调往东北各地驻防,与旧满洲共处而全面满化,最终融入满族共同体,完成了由赫哲而新满洲,由新满洲而满洲的历史进程。     

嘉兴王店李家坟明墓清理报告

2006年12月,嘉兴博物馆与浙江省文物考古研究所在浙江嘉兴市秀洲区王店镇李家坟抢救性清理了一处明代墓葬,获得了一批精美的文物,尤以丝织品最具特色,为研究江南地区明代的墓葬形式、丝织、社会生活和家族提供了宝贵的实物资料。     

满洲是部族名而非地名

对“满洲”的解说,史学界认为是由地名变为部落名,又被皇太极推而广之. 其实,“满洲”一词,在天聪九年(1635)皇太极下令用“满洲”替代“诸申”一词之前,就早已被记入了史册.《清实录·太祖实录》记载叶赫日:“乌喇、哈达、叶赫、辉发、满洲语言相通,势同一国,岂有五主分建之理.”     

The State of the Study of the State in Anthropology

Much has been published theorizing the origins of states, but ethnography has lagged behind in developing the conceptual tools to theorize the state, generally preferring to study the margins of states or “stateless” societies, even though they were enmeshed in or colonized by states. In recent decades states seem to have been bypassed by an interest in global and transnational phenomena that presumes states as political organizations to be increasingly irrelevant. This review examines three texts that cut across archaeological and socio-cultural anthropology to analyze contemporary research on states and propose new directions in the study of states.     

Materialist State Theory and the Transnationalization of the Capitalist State

Abstract: In contrast to assertions that the capitalist state is either losing control or that it has returned, this article argues that during the last two decades the state itself has been reshaped. To understand the processes that the capitalist state is exposed to it is necessary to conceive of it as a series of form‐specific practices. Which practices form “the state” is not a result of pre‐given institutions but of conflicts and struggles. The capitalist state, separated as it is from the relations of production, must not be made synonymous with the national state. Only as a result of certain relations of force does bourgeois rule acquire the form of the national state. These relations between classes are currently being dissolved by the ruling classes. The capitalist state is being reorganized and is constructing new elements of a transnational network state, whilst the state itself is governed through new techniques—that is, those of governance.     

The State of Autonomy

In this article it is argued that between 1870 and 1910 the Swedish social liberal state used economic grants as a political tool in order to govern parts of the sector of social movements. State grants given to non-formal education, folk high schools, organizations that held lectures for the working class, and organizations that set up libraries are the point of departure for the analysis. The specific governing measure consisted of making the sector flourish in a ‘state of autonomy’, a state in which their conduct was influenced by the need to fulfil certain demands in order to receive funding. The requirements included, for instance, that the organizations were governed by a specific form, that they were in liaison with the local government, and that they did not wander outside the ideological demarcations set up by the government. In conclusion, the article shows how the state tried to govern the conduct of non-formal education.     

The Attitudes of State Legislators and State Medicaid Policies Related to AIDS

As the Medicaid programs become increasingly important payers of AIDS-related care, state governments will face difficult policy choices in allocating limited Medicaid resources among many competing health needs. The state legislatures will play a critical role in these allocation decisions. This research presents the results of an analysis of attitudes concerning Medicaid coverage of AIDS-related care among state legislators serving on health-related committees in all 50 states. The model employed includes characteristics of the state legislators, their districts, and their states to explain the legislators' allocation choices and attitudes relating to Medicaid coverage of AIDS-related care. The relationship of these factors to the actualization of AIDS-related state policy also is examined. The model identified political ideology, party affiliation, and sex of the state legislator as the most important predictors of attitudes about AIDS-related Medicaid policies. AIDS prevalence, constituency characteristics, and legislator attitudes are the most important predictors of actual state policies.     

《永乐大典》本《应天府志》及其佚文考

明代《应天府志》有万历五年（1577年）刻本、万历二十年（1592年）刻本、正德十四年（1519年）本和《永乐大典》本。《永乐大典》本《应天府志》中的佚文具有十分珍贵的文献学价值和史料价值。     

评迈内克的“国家理由”研究和马基雅维里的国家权力学说

本文主要评述历史学家迈内克在研究国家理由问题时所表现出的历史道德理想主义特点。正是这种理想主义导致迈内克对马基雅维里国家权力等思想的论述失之偏颇。因此,完整地分析、理解马基雅维里国家权力等思想的结构,这不仅对理解马基雅维里的国家理由观,还对理解学术界的各种国家理由批评有所裨益。     

长国考

长国曾是殷商王朝西部的重要盟邦 ,后分迁于东部和南部 ,商亡后归顺周朝。甲骨文、金文都有长国的相关资料 ,其历史延续至战国。“长”字与“微”字的古字形相近而有别 ,不可混淆。     

Prefiguring the State

Merging means and ends, prefigurative politics perform life as it is wished‐for, both to experience better practice and to advance change. This paper contributes to prefigurative thinking in three ways. It explores what it might mean to prefigure the state as a concept; takes its inspiration from a historical episode rather than imagined time ahead; and addresses what, if anything, prefigurative conceptions can do when practiced. Central to my discussion is the plural state—taking shape as micro, city, regional, national and global formations. Plural state thinking makes room for divergent kinds of states but does not necessarily foreground progressive ones. Thus, to explore in more detail a transformative left conception of the state, discussion turns to 1980s British municipal radicalism. Taking up this adventurous episode in governing as a “thinking tool”, an imaginary of the state as horizontal, everyday, activist and stewardly emerges.