TWO IBERIAN TORCS IN THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORD

Summary. The main objective of this paper is to describe two Iberian Iron Age gold tores from the collection of the Ashmolean Museum. Their study, mostly based on typological aspects, is used to determine the origin of the two ornaments, which is concluded to be the Iberian northwest, thus corroborating the information in the Ashmolean Museum records. An integration of the two tores within the existing typological groups of Northwestern Castros tores is attempted, as a means of determining their geographical origin accurately. Other aspects, such as the significance of this kind of ornament in the Iron Age, are also considered.     

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CIVIL REGISTRATION IN SCOTLAND

An act for registering births, deaths, and marriages was passed for England and Wales in 1836. Scotland, despite evident support for the principle of civil registration there, did not obtain equivalent legislation until 1854 - a paradox that has yet to be fully explained. Eight unsuccessful bills preceded the Scottish act, and this article explores the reasons for their failure. Although the Scottish churches and municipal authorities broadly favoured vital registration, their objections to particular clauses concerning the nomination and payment of registrars, the imposition of fees for registration and penalties for non-registration, and the provision of new administrative facilities, repeatedly impeded the bills' progress through parliament. More importantly, four of the bills were linked to measures for reforming the marriage law, which were so offensive to Scottish sensibilities that the registration bills were damned by association. Only by altering these contentious clauses and eschewing any interference with the law of marriage did Lord Elcho's bill of 1854 succeed. The lengthy gestational period preceding the Scottish legislation did, however, result in the compulsory registration of births and deaths, unlike in England, and secured a greater breadth of detail in the Scottish registers.     

THE HISTORIC TRANSFORMATION OF TIBET SINCE 1959 IN MY EYES

正The year marking the 70th anniversary since the founding of the People's Republic of China just so happens to be the 60th anniversary of the democratic reform of Tibet, during which over one million serfs were emancipated. Sixty years ago, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the various ethnicities living in Tibet were able to overthrow the armed     

德国敲响夏日钟声

伴着夏日的微风,踏上绿荫环绕的德国,浪漫且丰富的旅程就此开启。如梦似幻的风景名胜、井井有条的街市风貌加上名品罗列的超级卖场,带上一张银联卡,德国夏日之旅一路畅通。     

NATIONALISM IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE

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