模糊语在《傲慢与偏见》中的语用体现

在人们日常生活的交际中常常会出现模糊语言的现象,可以说模糊概念、模糊语言充满在人们的生活中,这也直接促成了模糊语言学的产生。由于模糊语具有其自身独特的语用功能,因而模糊语常常被人们用在生活交际中,同时模糊语还被广大文学创作者大量运用在文学作品当中,从而在文学作品中绽放着模糊语的语用魅力。在此,本文将以小说《傲慢与偏见》为例,分析模糊语在作品中的语用体现。     

话语标记语and的语用功能及其语境顺应性分析

本文以言语交际中的话语标记语and为研究对象,探讨了它在会话互动中的语用功能。比如,语篇构建功能,延缓标记功能,话轮接续功能,试探、商榷功能,及其语用模糊性,旨在揭示其在语境条件下的顺应性特征和语用理据,最后指出,在言语交际中,类似词语具有很强的动态语境特征,必须顺应其语境特征才能达到更好的交际。     

关联理论对商务英语信函中模糊语的解释力

模糊语是语言的基本属性之一,它广泛存在于人类的语言交际中。本文拟从关联理论角度探析外贸英文信函中的模糊语现象,以"中国外贸学习网"上的外贸英文信函范本为语料,探讨发信人如何合理使用模糊语言来明示自己的交际意图,使收信人更容易理解其所提供的话语信息从而推导出发信人的意图,使贸易双方之间达成互明,实现成功交际的目的。     

从顺应论角度看英语课堂教师用语的语用模糊策略

在综述语用模糊概念的基础上介绍了顺应理论,通过运用在英语课堂教师用语的语用模糊的实例论证了语用模糊策略是动态选择语言的过程,是对交际者心理世界、社交世界和物理世界的顺应。     

史探英语填补语的功能分析

填补语广泛地存在于英汉两种语言中,在会话交流时,人们使用填补语以实现沟通顺畅、气氛和谐的交际目的。理解是使用的前提,理解是为了更好的运用,因此,理解是关键所在,使用得当才能实现其语用功能。本文论述了对英语会话中填补语的理解并分析了其语用功能。     

不同社会文化背景对言语交际语用原则取舍的影响及例案分析

语用学主要研究由社会文化背景决定的人类交际时语言的使用。语用学指出在人类进行言语交际时遵循诸如:交际原则,合作原则及礼貌原则等。并且,不同的社会文化背景对人们语用原则的取舍具有影响。本文通过论述不同社会文化背景下语言使用的例案分析,说明其对语用原则取舍的影响。     

中日跨文化交际中委婉语的语用失误及对策

以汉语为母语的日语学习者,在中日跨文化交际中,常会出现一些不符合日本人表达习惯的语用失误。委婉语的语用失误则最为明显。日本民族具有内敛、含蓄、不爱张扬个性的特点。这些特点表现在语言上就是不断地大量的使用委婉语。日语中委婉表达形式之多、使用频率之高,这在其他民族中是不多见的。委婉语可以说是日语最明显的特征之一。特别是在面对面的对话中,可以说如果不使用这种委婉语,谈话就不能顺利进行。对于日语学习者来说,需要了解日语委婉语,以便正确得体的进行交流。避免委婉语语用的失误在跨文化交际中具有非常重大的意义。     

关于接受及谢绝的过渡语语用失误剖析

近年来,随着语际语用学（interlanguage pragmatics）的兴起,语言迁移问题备受人们的关注,其中母语的负迁移更是跨文化和二语习得领域内学者们关注的一个重点问题,本文拟从语用迁移中的语用语言迁移和社交语用迁移的两个层面,以跨文化交际中的实例来探讨母语语用负迁移对跨文化交际中的语用失误的影响作用。     

英语文化语用模糊现象分析

英语中的语用模糊现象广泛存在,它影响我们表达与理解的准确性,给我们的学习与日常交际带来很大的障碍。本文试对这一现象从文化的角度进行分析,讨论文化语用模糊现象的成因、表现形式以及解决对策,以期提高英语学习者的英语表达能力与阅读理解能力,从而跨文化交际中避免出现这样的障碍。     

英语文化语用模糊现象分析

英语中的语用模糊现象广泛存在,它影响我们表达与理解的准确性,给我们的学习与日常交际带来很大的障碍.本文试对这一现象从文化的角度进行分析,讨论文化语用模糊现象的成因,表现形式以及解决对策,以期提高英语学习者的英语表达能力与阅读理解能力,从而跨文化交际中避免出现这样的障碍.     

语用可迁移性研究概述

从语用可迁移性研究产生的背案、理论基础和Takahashi的实证研究三方面介绍了语用可迁移性研究的现状。语用迁移研究是中介语语用学的一个分支,其理论来源于Eckman的标记性理论,并经由Kellerman等认知心理语言学学者发展出心理语言标记性理论。语言可迁移性研究包括Kellerman的“breken”和“ogg”词汇可迁移性试验及金苏扬的“眼”词汇可迁移性研究。迄今唯一的在语用层面的可迁移性研究为Takahashi的日语间接请求策略可迁移性研究。介绍了其研究方法、步骤及发现。该研究证实学习者在迁移某语用策略时具有选择性,可迁移性同时受到语境,学习者语言水平等因素的影响。提出语用可迁移性研究存在的问题和研究方向。     

村上春树的散文创作论

日本作家村上春树的散文创作,有一个鲜明的内倾性特征,即“自我之歌”。这个“自我”在内容上呈现为“生活外貌上的自我”、“与他人相关的自我”和“与社会相关的自我”,在形式上则通过爵士语言和节奏、散文结构“二重奏”、图文并茂及列项说明来加以阐释。对这个“自我”的成因与意义进行探析,有助于我们全面了解村上春树的散文创作及其作品内涵,存在一定的理论价值。     

Riot and Respectability: The Shifting Terrain of Class Language and Status in Baltimore during the Great Strike of 1877

This essay focuses on people negotiating class boundaries and identities in Baltimore through the revealing prism of the riot that occurred there during the Great Strike of 1877, in order to understand the multiple meanings of class for urban Americans after the Civil War. While working-class consciousness motivated some to support the railroad strikers, the riot illuminates how other participants were situated astride and moved across porous class boundaries, and how vague languages of class lacked the accuracy to describe the social landscape of the Gilded Age. The shifting terrain of class language and status allowed Baltimoreans to contest and shape the meaning of terms like ‘respectability’ by, for instance, wearing ready-made clothing. Yet these unstable categories placed others in uncomfortable positions between working and elite classes in society and between crowd and militia on the streets, threatening their well-being and the ideological fabric of a nation enamored of the virtuous producer-citizen.     

如何让语文教学生活化

语文是最重要的交际工具,是人类文化的重要组成部分。比起其他学科,语文能力与一个人的日常生活联系更紧密。要让学生真正扎扎实实地掌握并得心应手地运用语文这一人生的工具,就必须打破语文与生活之间的“厚障壁”,让语文教学与学生心灵相沟通,让语文课堂与社会天地相接壤,使语文教学“生活化”,使学生生活“语文化”。     

论文化差异对英汉翻译的影响

翻译是一种语际交流活动,是两种语言之间的转换。中西两种不同的文化在多方面存在着明显差异,这种文化差异直接影响着对英、汉语的翻译。作为一名翻译工作者,必须加强对不同语言文化差异的理解和研究,提高双语的文化修养,使翻译真正成为不同文化间交流的桥梁。     

大遗址保护提出的历史叙事

系统分析“大遗址”及“大遗址保护”作为重要文物保护政策提出和专项保护行动出台的历史背景、重要事件和主要特点,从历史渊源、学术支撑、管理需求、制度保障四个方面展开,兼论彼此之间的交流互动与共同推进,并依据时代背景不同和工作内容侧重划分为三大阶段,试图为了解这一政策和专项行动出台的历史背景及相关问题构建一个比较系统的认知框架.     

Language as apparatus: entanglements of language,culture and territory and the invention of nation and ethnicity

Postcolonial linguistics has shown that African languages emerged from a complex figuration of missionary, scientific and colonial practices. The article interprets this emergence as the result of an existential onto-epistemological dislocation stabilised through the hegemonic project of colonialism. It rests on an apparatus of modernity that separated nature and culture/society and stabilised this new order with a particular notion of language as an autonomous object. In the nineteenth century, language enters a conjunction of territory and culture, which played out in Europe in the terms of a nationalist, hegemonic trajectory and in Africa as the fractionation of ethnic/linguistic groups and the pervasive linguo-ethnification of contemporary societies. Thus, language can be understood to be an apparatus productive of nationalism as well as ethnicity. In an attempt to demonstrate the plausibility of this conceptualisation, I show how today these trajectories have effects in that Afrikaans in South Africa as ethnified language loses and Swahili in Tanzania as national language gains ground at the respective universities. Both languages compete with global academic English, which despite its colonial heritage appears as a deterritorialised, culturally neutral language.     

The Cunning Means of Domination

This discussion started on the WAC listserv when I objected on 8 April 2007 to a short message sent by Claire Smith on the previous day. She had been announcing that her colleague “Heather Burke and [are] putting together a list of important non-Anglo archaeologists” and was asking whether “anyone has any recommendations” for that list and, if so, whether they would email her off list. I objected strongly. This paper explains why. In doing so I am describing the degree of complexity language use has acquired in the contemporary world with old linguistic maps quickly become obsolete. To insist that English is simply the lingua franca of academic discourse is to ignore that complexity. The wide use of English as an academic lingua franca means in practice that there are very strong asymmetries not only in individual archaeologists’ abilities to express themselves competently and confidently in that language but also in what is considered appropriate or possible to express. For a language is not simply a random code with which anything might be said to anybody. Language, and the conventions that govern how a given language is to be applied, influences to a large extent even what is a sensible thing to say in a given context. Language use in archaeology is not about translating the same archaeology into different languages but about translating between different archaeologies and associated cultural practices including languages. The only sensible way forward is for WAC to promote among its members the learning of more languages—which is something the vast majority of “non-Anglo” archaeologists already knows and accepts as a fact of life. We do not need lists of “non-Anglo” archaeologists that are considered worth reading about in English, but more archaeologists being able to appreciate the work of colleagues in its original language. In conclusion I urge exclusively Anglophone archaeologists to please stop finding excuses for learning foreign languages.     

从法国档案审视清末国家认同的重建——以“苏报案”交涉为例

甲午战争后,清政府遭遇了自太平天国运动以来最为严重的一场国家信任危机。为了重塑其政治权威,清政府采取了比以往更为积极的举措,围绕"苏报案"与列强的"争锋相对"正是这一心态的典型体现。本文通过对法国外交部馆藏《1903-1904年"苏报事件"》档案的解读,借助跨文化视角实现对"苏报案"的历史重构,以期对清政府希图通过融入当时国际体系以重建国家认同这一设想的审视,从中可以得出一个结论,即国家独立是重建国家认同的首要条件。     

Language as a public good and national identity: Scotland's competing heritage languages

The preservation of one or several historically and culturally important languages may be a salient political issue in some polities. Although they may not be used as an active means of communication, these languages can also serve a symbolic identitary function. These ‘heritage’ languages can be seen as ‘public goods’ and that even non‐speakers of these languages can have opinions regarding their importance to national identity. In the Scotland example, while Gaelic has been the focus of proactive government legislation and education initiatives, Scots is still struggling for status as a recognised language. Both languages are in some way constituent parts of Scottish identity that at times may seem in competition with one another. Using original survey data, we delve deeper into questions of language, identity and politics in Scotland. First, we describe how public opinion is divided over the importance of Gaelic and Scots to Scottish identity. Second, we use attitudes towards these languages as a dependent variable looking at Scottish identity and attachment. Finally, we use these attitudes towards Gaelic and Scots as an independent variable in models for party identification in Scotland.