Conditional Belonging: Farm Workers and the Cultural Politics of Recognition in Zimbabwe

This article examines Zimbabwean land politics and the study of rural interventions, including agrarian reform, more broadly, using the analytical framework of territorialized ‘modes of belonging’ and their ‘cultural politics of recognition’. Modes of belonging are the routinized discourses, social practices and institutional arrangements through which people make claims for resources and rights, the ways through which they become ‘incorporated’ in particular places. In these spatialized forms of power and authority, particular cultural politics of recognition operate; these are the cultural styles of interaction that become privileged as proper forms of decorum and morality informing dependencies and interdependencies. The author traces a hegemonic mode of belonging identified as ‘domestic government’, put in place on European farms in Zimbabwe's colonial period, and shows how it was shaped by particular political and economic conjunctures in the first twenty years of Independence after 1980. Domestic government provided a conditional belonging for farm workers in terms of claims to limited resources on commercial farms while positioning them in a way that made them marginal citizens in the nation at large. This is the context for the behaviour of land‐giving authorities which have actively discriminated against farm workers during the politicized and violent land redistribution processes that began in 2000. Most former farm workers are now seeking other forms of dependencies, typically more precarious and generating fewer resources and services than they had accessed on commercial farms, with their own particular cultural politics of recognition, often tied to demonstrating support to the ruling political party.     

The Perception of Music

Abstract

The author recently described elsewhere a computer program which would transcribe classical melodies played on an organ console into the equivalent of standard musical notation. This program was the fruit of a prolonged effort to understand how Western musicians succeed in making sense of music, in discerning rhythm and the tonal relation hip between notes. The interest of the problem arise from the fact that no two performance of the same piece of music are ever identical so that the listener has to discriminate between those variation of timing and pitch which are structurally significant and those which are merely expressive. In order to under land the ability of some musician to reproduce the cores of music that they hear it is necessary to develop a formally precise theory of rhythm and tonality – a theory which is couched in terms reminiscent of Chomskyan linguistics. But it is also necessary to consider how the listener builds in his mind a representation of the rhythm and tonality of performed music, and succeed in assigning to each note an appropriate place in the developing structure. In this review the relevant areas of musical theory are reviewed, and where necessary extended; and it is suggested that computational models of the kind described can be of great value as vehicle for the expression of precise ideas about our cognitive and perceptual processes.     

不确定性规避对游客旅游目的地形象感知的影响研究:以张家界为例

现有研究成果表明,文化差异会影响游客对旅游目的地形象的感知,使形象感知形成差异化,因此有人认为文化差异必然导致形象感知差异。本文采用Hofstede的高/低不确定性规避文化维度,通过问卷划分高/低不确定性规避游客群体,并调查其对目的地的认知、情感和总体形象的感知。研究发现,高不确定性规避和低不确定性规避两个游客群体对张家界认知形象中的信息和交通方面的感知存在显著差异,在情感形象和总体形象的感知上并不存在明显差异。     

可及性:公众感知视角下的博物馆公共文化服务评价体系

在公共服务领域,"可及性"是从公众感知视角评价公共服务效果的重要视角;在博物馆领域,实现资源和服务面向公众"可及"是近代以来公共博物馆的追求目标之一.立足博物馆服务的特质和公众接受博物馆服务的全过程,可构建从公众感知视角评量博物馆公共文化服务的综合评价体系.该评价体系由三个由表及里的内部维度——"可获得性""可接近性"...     

考古发掘之后的文物保护

考古发掘是一项科学的研究工作,也是为了使地下埋藏的文物免遭建设性破坏的一种有效措施,有时则是一种不得已而为之的办法。多年以来,我国的考古发掘主要以配合基本建设工程为主,经过考古工作者的艰苦努力,大量的文物从隆隆的推土机下被抢救     

Tolerated,but not Preferred: Troubling the Unconscious of Televisual Multiculturalism

Canadian televisual exports make up at least 30 percent of the original content on US cable television. And from many angles, Canadian youth-television series look more diverse, more positive, and more attentive to interracial and interethnic issues than do similar US series. This article explores Canadian representations of interracial relationships and situates them within readings of Canada's official multicultural policy. It argues that much of this surface-level positivism about race reveals unconscious anxieties that ultimately manifest in drastic ways of treating “diversity” or “multicultural” subjects.     

Perception and Misperception: The Role of Culture in American-Japanese Relations

Book reviewed in this article:
Joseph M. Henning, Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations     

基于旅游者感知的世界文化遗产吸引力研究——以泰山为例

本研究以泰山为例,通过对旅游者进行问卷调查,利用因子分析方法,确定了文化遗产旅游吸引力系统的主要构成因素及其内部结构。依据因子的特征值,吸引力因素可以分为不同的层次,其中核心吸引力因素决定着文化遗产旅游吸引力的性质。遗产类资源是一个复杂的文化系统,旅游吸引力系统的构成因素只是整体文化系统的组成部分,但代表了旅游者感知的文化遗产特征,发展旅游应注意开发项目与吸引力系统特性的一致性。     

本真性的困惑:汶川地震后北川羌族的文化展演和身份焦虑

5.12汶川大地震至今十余年间,受灾地区从物质生活、社会关系到地方文化都经历了一系列变迁和重构。北川地处民族交融地区,民众的文化身份从明清到民国都相对模糊,在民族识别后的六十余年中,北川民众在羌族认同越来越清晰的同时又因为其羌族文化的薄弱而感到焦虑。震后北川所获得的资源和关注让当地文化精英有机会重塑地方文化形态。聚焦北川羌族自治县异地重建后的新北川县城,将羌族萨朗舞蹈置入文化展演的框架中,可以考察北川民众在灾后所展现的身份焦虑和文化需求。地方文化展演群体对萨朗本真性的争论背后呈现的是对羌族身份本真性的需求和协商,而观察者在讨论文化本真性的时候,也应该从地方文化脉络和主体性出发来看待文化旅游中的文化建构。     

Cultural Resources and Regional Development: The Case of the Cultural Legacy of Watchmaking

Cultural resources are today the object of considerable attention in regional economics. Ground for new forms of innovation these resources have given rise to numerous works aiming at understanding the emergence and organisation of culture based economic activities and at identifying the role of these activities in regional development and urban planning. The objective of this article is to explore the way in which resources, and in particular cultural resources, are incorporated into production processes on the one hand, and the consequences on the resources of doing so on the other hand. Becoming an economic resource, a cultural “object” (symbol, image, cultural heritage, traditional know-how, etc.) becomes embedded within commercial relationships. The question we address here is what are the causes and consequences of this commodification of culture for the production systems, the customers and for the local communities which put a certain number of their constitutive elements into play.     

在一个国家和多元文化主义的激荡中成长--从公民社会模式看澳大利亚华人的参政空间

九十年代后期澳大利亚华人参政形式发生了结构性转变,由原来的相对散漫而少有华人参政,转变成为华人主动集会结社投身政治.本文认为,这种转变是在特定的历史时空,由华人社群与澳洲主流社会的变化互相激荡而产生的.本文利用公民社会理论来建构一个看待移民社会政治参与的参考架构,用海外华人的视角来审视澳洲华人发展史,讨论九十年代后期澳洲极端派反移民势力的兴起,以及对华人社会的影响.笔者认为,澳洲华人社会这个转变提供了一个华人参政的良好典范,即以少数族裔身份在公民社会中参与政治活动,从而改变主流社会的思维.