星云大师的小说真实观

星云大师以"合情合理"作为评价小说真实观的标准,从而否定了神怪倾向明显且缺乏历史真实感的金庸武侠小说,而肯定了建立在科学真实与人类现实之上的倪匡科幻小说.星云大师的小说真实观与其"人间诗学"密不可分,同时也受到强调"为人"及现实精神的"人间佛教"思想的深刻影响.     

西田哲学的文化观、国家观与世界观述评

西田哲学的文化观主张只有"矛盾自己同一"的日本文化才是真正的"创造性"文化。西田哲学的国家观在证明国家存在的"绝对价值"和"永恒性"的基础上,借助宗教原理强调日本皇室的"绝对无"的性质,并把日本的"国体本意"赞颂为"世界最优"的国体。西田哲学的世界观宣扬皇室的"世界性",倡导建立一个使世界各国"沐浴皇室光辉"的"世界新秩序"。在西欧中心主义主导世界的近代,强调开放性、多元性的西田哲学体现出突出的个性和创造性价值。然而,也必须关注在西田哲学的文化观、国家观和世界观中,存在的本民族优越论倾向。     

李大钊与历史哲学理论

对历史哲学的研究是李大钊在学术研究领域中探索的最主要方面。他对历史哲学的地位进行科学的解说 ,并对历史本体论、历史认识论作了研究 ,为建立历史哲学的中国学派做出了贡献。李大钊是中国马克思主义历史哲学的开创者     

儒家人性学说与中国传统政治哲学

人性论在本质上是关于人的假设,而不是对于现实生活中的人的描述。由于重视参验的思想方式所决定,传统儒家无法用纯逻辑的方式论证人性,而试图用现实生活中人的善恶说明人性的善恶,于是,儒家的人性论便陷入了逻辑的悖论。性善论的意义在于它说明了“善从何来”,宋儒把道德善外化为天理,做出了绝对的道德承诺,但是却通过“禀气说”最终论证了人与人之间在本原意义上的不平等。等级结构——人治成为儒家政治哲学的逻辑归宿。     

显微镜与康有为哲学思想的形成

在康有为接触的西器中,显微镜的影响至为深远,它促使康有为完善了对宇宙的看法,形成了绝对相对主义的思想,并且萌生了唯科学主义的思想因素。然而,这并不必然改变康有为的认知结构,而是进一步印证了他从旧学中得出的某些哲学结论。     

作为运动与作为学术的民间文学

一本文所谓的“民间文学”,是与“作家文学”相对的概念。当一个具体的文学文本被视为一个或多个人的“个人”创作,该“个人”对该文本具有自始至终的“著作权”时,该作品就被称作“作家文学”,哪怕该作家只是“佚名”或“无名氏”;     

唐代诗论中“意”的意象内涵与理论探索

＂意＂是唐代诗论中一个非常重要的范畴,其意义非常丰富,＂意象＂是它的一个非常重要的含义。＂意＂、＂象＂、＂物象＂往往相互指涉。唐代诗论家对＂意象＂与诗歌的文体属性、意象的生成过程和心理机制等理论问题及其创造方法进行了深入的探索和研究。     

Philosophy as an Art of Dying

This essay proposes a close look at the tradition of martyr-philosophers in the Western world (Socrates, Hypatia, Giordano Bruno, Edith Stein, Jan Pato?ka) and advances the claim that the death of these people has a distinct philosophical significance. For various reasons, these philosophers place themselves in limit-situations where they cannot use words anymore to express themselves, but have to turn their own flesh into a radical means of expression. Their dying thus becomes an extension of their work, and the image of their violent deaths comes to be regarded as an inseparable part of their heritage. First, I discuss Socrates as the founder of the tradition of “philosophical deaths” in the West; his gradual “taming” of death in Plato's Apology is discussed in some detail. I then introduce a modern case of “Socratic death,” that of Jan Pato?ka (1907–77). Finally, I map out the cultural and social mechanisms, as well as some of the phenomenological preconditions, presupposed by the notion of “philosophy as an art of dying.”     

Decoherence, Quantum Theory and their Implications for the Philosophy of Geomorphology

Recent philosophical discussions on the nature of geomorphology ( Bassett 1994 ; Richards 1994 ; Rhoads 1994 ) have concluded that the way forward in geomorphological explanation is through either an empiricist or a realist approach. This paper draws lessons from quantum mechanics and the related concepts of decoherence and entanglement to explore the theoretical limitations of both of these existing approaches to geomorphology. It is suggested that empiricist and realist approaches are misguided in their attempts to view the researcher as being in some way 'detached' from the reality of the environmental system under investigation. Instead, this reality is viewed here as being consciousness-dependent. The paper also challenges the claims to represent 'truth', and the deterministic view of causation, which are inherent within empiricist and realist approaches. It concludes by suggesting that an idealist approach to geomorphology – one that recognizes the primacy of consciousness – can better appreciate the unpredictable and probabilistic nature of the world.     

西方分析的历史哲学与中国近代史学理论的构建

20世纪初,中国近代学人从译述日本的西方哲学史著述开始,初步介绍了分析的历史哲学的代表人物及观点,而后梁启超、李大钊等人又有更进一步的阐释。自20年代中期起,一批史学家、哲学家不满足于二手材料,强调从原著入手加以研究,这推动了西方哲学在国内传播高潮的到来。由此可见,西方分析的历史哲学俨然成为西学东渐中不可或缺的一道风景。因它与实证主义史学理论等存在差异甚至是对立,故其传播对当时占主导地位的进化史观、史学性质科学说等关键命题都有相当多的回应,这引发了时人的深入反思,推动了中国近代史学理论的深化。