Latour,Prepositions and the Instauration of Secularism

Abstract

Bruno Latour's understanding of different modes of existence as given through prepositions offers a new approach to researching "secularism," taking forward attention paid in recent scholarship to its historically contingent formation by bringing into clearer focus the dynamics of its relational and material mediations. Examining the contemporary instauration of secularism in conservative evangelical experience, I show how this approach offers a new orientation to studying secularism that allows attention to both its history and its material effects on practice. This shows how Latour's speculative realism extends and provides a bridge between both discursive analysis of religion and secularism and the recent turn towards materiality in empirical study of religion.     

印度独立以来历史教科书问题与教、俗之争

印度历史教科书问题与印度社会思潮的变化关系密切。独立初期,世俗主义思潮占据主导地位,相应地印度的历史教科书也是以世俗主义史学为主。20世纪60年代末以来,随着政治机会主义的增加和世俗政治价值观念的淡化,教派主义政治和社会思潮迅速发展,教派主义史学也影响到教育领域,力图改变世俗史学在历史教科书中的主导地位。1998年,印度人民党联合政府上台后,为了贯彻其教派民族主义的教育政策,于2001年提出修改已经使用了30多年的历史教科书,因世俗主义史学家极力抗议而未果。     

严复与儒学

梁启超称严复为“近代西学第一人”,由于严复西学思想的突出而使人们忽视了对他儒学思想的研究。儒学对严复思想有着重要影响,严复思想的演进并不存在“离异”与“回归”问题;从严复具体的儒学观来看,他从未对传统化采取全盘肯定或否定的态度;严复处理中西方化关系的方法多样,在近代史上具有特色。