人口城镇化不是农村工业化、乡村城镇化

人口城镇化和农村工业化、乡村城镇化哪种提法更符合社会发展的趋势?它们之间的最大区别,是人口城镇化必然要求较大规模的人口乡→城异地迁移,农村工业化和乡村城镇化更强调人口的就地转化。人口城镇化是现代社会的发展趋势,而农村工业化和乡村城镇化只适用于部分条件较为优越的地区,大部分现有的农村是不可能工业化、也不可能城镇化的。所以,作为未来的发展方针,必须提人口城镇化,而不是农村工业化或乡村城镇化。并且,人口城镇化还肩负着转移农村剩余劳动力、提高农业经营规模和节约利用土地资源等多重使命,需要作出系统的政策安排。     

城镇化对农业农村的多维度影响——基于省际面板数据实证研究

基于面板数据，从综合系统-子系统-要素等三方面定量测度省域人口、土地与产业城镇化对农业农村发展的影响程度，深入剖析城镇化不同要素对农业与农村系统发展的作用机理。研究结果表明：①人口城镇化与产业城镇化对农业农村的影响更加明显，对农村生活系统影响的弹性系数大于1的地区比重分别为58.06%和64.52%；土地与产业城镇化对农业生产系统产生负向影响较为明显，弹性系数小于0的地区比重分别为29.03%和38.71%；②城镇化率、产业结构和建成区比重对人均耕地面积、乡村劳动力比重和人均粮食产量呈显著负相关，与农民人均纯收入、人均农业产值和单位面积机械动力呈显著正相关；③通过深入分析近30年省域城镇化对各地区农业农村发展的作用机理，对于新时期新型城镇化、农业农村转型发展等战略的贯彻落实具有重大的现实意义。     

珠江三角洲城镇化研究三十年

本文以政策变化与城镇化演进关系为主线,对改革开放以来的珠江三角洲城镇化研究进行了回顾,揭示了珠江三角洲农村城镇化的特点与动力机制,认为珠江三角洲农村城镇化模式在中国城镇化研究的过程中占有重要的地位,包括小城镇发展、城镇化路径以及城镇化主体的讨论,21世纪后,对农村城镇化的反思推动了珠三角城镇化研究的新视角向全球化与政治经济学视角的转化;本文进一步对珠三角城镇化的研究趋势进行了展望。     

对改革开放以来中国城镇化发展问题的反思——基于城乡协调视角的考察

城镇化是人类社会由传统农村、农业社会向现代非农社会的全面转型过程。改革开放以来,我国城镇化进程明显加快、城镇化水平显著提高。城乡发展差距却越来越大,城乡二元结构特征愈发突出。面对城镇化需求压力巨大和城乡发展失衡严重的两难境地,新世纪中国必须改变重数量、轻质量的传统城镇化发展模式,以科学发展观为指导思想,走城乡协调型的城镇化道路。     

中心村建设:农村发达地区城镇化发展的新途径——以苏州工业园区胜浦镇为例

中心村建设是当前和今后农村发达地区城镇化发展的一条重要途径,它对于集约利用土地资源,充分发挥农村的基础设施功能,提高农村人口的生活质量,加快农村的现代化进程具有重要的现实意义。本文根据对苏州工业园区胜浦镇的调查,对农村发达地区中心村建设的机制、方法及建设中应该注意的问题作一尝试性探讨,提出在农村发达地区城镇化发展的新道路。     

实施小城镇带动战略 全面建设小康社会

十六大报告中指出：“要逐步提高城镇化水平,坚持大中小城市和小城镇协调发展,走中国特色的城镇化道路.发展小城镇要以现有的县城和有条件的建制镇为基础,科学规划,合理布局,同发展乡镇企业和农村服务业结合起来,消除不利于城镇化发展的体制和政策障碍,引导农村劳动力合理有序流动.”这一方针为黑龙江垦区实施小城镇带动战略,建设有特色的城镇化体系指明了方向.     

习近平城镇化思想探析

习近平新时期中国特色社会主义城镇化思想,是习近平总书记从当今中国城镇化的实际出发,在高度重视民生的基础上形成的对中国新型城镇化的指导思想,体现了习近平总书记科学的城镇观。其以人为本的城镇化建设思想、以民生为本的城镇化发展目标和可持续发展的城镇化发展道路体现了理论与实践的统一、经济与政治的统一、人与自然的统一的基本特征,为推进我国新型城镇化进程提供了正确的理论指导。在推进新型城镇化建设中,我们应正确运用习近平城镇化思想,树立以人为本的意识,尊重人的选择,有序推进农村转移人口市民化;树立以民生为本的意识,破除制度障碍,同城同权,保障农村转移人口的权利;树立全面发展的意识,以城带乡,为乡村振兴创造条件,快速推进中国新型城镇化的进程,带动中国社会全面发展。     

基于集群创导的关中城镇化发展探讨

当前,我国中西部较落后地区城镇化发展的关键问题是城镇非农产业特别是工业增长缓慢,城镇化发展的产业支持薄弱,缺乏对农村富余劳动力的吸引,因而导致了城镇化低质推进现象。有鉴于此,本文以陕西关中地区为例,借鉴国外集群创导和沿海地区产业集群推动城镇化发展的经验,通过对产业集群与城镇化之间互动关系和关中地区实施集群创导的条件和优势进行分析,提出了以集群创导推动产业集群发展,以产业集群发展推动区域工业化和城镇化健康快速发展的陕西关中地区城镇化发展思路。     

以旅游“撬动”新型城镇化——以江西省婺源县江镇湾为例

新型城镇化的基本特征是城乡统筹、城乡一体、和谐发展、节约集约、产业互动、生态宜居,新型城镇化也是指大中小城市、小城镇和新型农村社区协调发展、互相促进、共同发展的城镇化。近些年来,新型城镇化建设已经被认为是推动中国社会各个方面快速发展的巨大动力。与此同时,也受到历史和自然等因素的影响,使我国展现出城乡经济发展不平衡的走向。在这个背景下,农村原本的经济形势备受冲击,想要实现乡村地区新型城镇化建设可持续发展,必须重视目前新型城镇化建设背景下的乡村旅游近况,寻觅新时期国家重大发展策略以及乡村旅游发展需要下的新发展方向和发展途径。本篇文章主要是分析了旅游发展和新型城镇化两者之间的关系,研究如何在当前这个新型城镇化发展的趋势下以旅游发展进行乡镇建设,进而以江湾镇为例,重点探索其如何突破困境,发展优势,进军新型城镇化建设。     

从经济社会协调发展看颍上县留守儿童教育问题

当前,颍上县经济社会正快速发展,新型城镇化与美好乡村建设同步推进,而广大农村地区的留守儿童教育正面临"人的城镇化"问题的瓶颈制约。解决颍上县农村留守儿童教育问题,必须立足颍上县经济社会发展实际,充分认识教育及其发展的公益性,原则性,差异性等基本因素,充分提高农村留守儿童的自律能力,唤醒农村留守儿童的自觉意识,加强农村留守儿童的自我教育,培养他们的自信、自立、自强能力。     

THE CONCEPT OF TRANSPARENCY,ITS HISTORY,AND THE THEORY OF BEGRIFFSGESCHICHTE

In this review essay, I examine the theoretical assumptions required in order to reconstruct an understanding of another historical period. Stefanos Geroulanos has produced a masterful history of mid‐twentieth‐century French thought, and he argues for a significant difference between that period and our own based on the values and ideas associated with the concept of transparency. The book is innovative in both its method and interpretation of the period of 1945–1984. However, despite the suggestive theoretical framework announced at its start, Geroulanos prefers to explore the theoretical content of conceptual history more than to explain how one might go about identifying, understanding, and translating the concepts of a different epoch. In order to contribute to what is already a successful project, I endeavor to extend some of Geroulanos's theoretical sketches through a comparison with Reinhart Koselleck's theory of Begriffsgechichte. Despite some muted criticism of Koselleck from Geroulanos, I argue that the projects share similar commitments, although Geroulanos needs to develop his theoretical premises at greater length, both for a full comparison and in order to complete the critical project that Transparency appears to be undertaking.     

THE BUSINESS OF MOBILITY: GEOGRAPHY, LIBERALISM, AND THE CHARTER OF RIGHTS

Inspired by some important inter-disciplinary work in both legal studies and human geography, I explore the vision of geography - with special reference to the theorization of mobility - that appears to be expressed within mainstream legal discourse. I argue that the legal account is premised on the privileging of certain components of liberal thought, including the individual, the private sphere, and concepts of frictionless spatial mobility. I try to demonstrate that this vision is partial and selective and ignores an alternative and insistent account of the geography of social life that appears prevalent within civil society. Evidenced by the reactions of many small towns to threats of economic dislocation, the emphasis here appears to be one that elevates concepts of place and the community. Drawing upon recent higher court decisions in British Columbia concerning the meaning of section 6 (mobility rights) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, I argue, firstly, that the legal vision is ultimately indeterminate and contingent but, secondly, that its hegemony has certain implications for social life, social justice, and the city.     

旅游产品特点、消费技术与景区解说系统

在旅游产业发展进程中旅游景区的重要性和竞争压力越来越大。本文在这样一种宏观背景下,分析了传统的旅游产品的定义,指出了其逻辑上的问题,从新角度研究了旅游产品的特点,指出应该从旅游者与旅游企业之间的交易、旅游者自身的生产消费这两个角度来理解,提出了旅游经历与旅游体验之间的差异;从旅游者生产消费形成自身私有产品的角度分析,指出应该重视旅游过程中的消费技术问题,而且由于这种消费技术的可移植性和旅游消费的时空规定性,要以高于重视工业产品的消费问题的态度对待旅游消费技术的问题,从而论证了景区解说系统对于旅游景区及旅游目的地发展的重要作用,尤其是对于我国这样一个具有悠久深厚历史文化的观光国家而言,意义尤为重大。     

HETEROTEMPORALITY,THE ISLAMIC TRADITION,AND THE POLITICAL: LAROUI'S CONCEPT OF THE ANTINOMY OF HISTORY1

If tradition has often figured as modernity's other, the Islamic tradition has long played the role of the modern constitutive other par excellence. Modern secularizing practices of timing and spacing feed this grounding of the political beyond the conceptual grip of tradition. The works by the Moroccan historian and philosopher Abdallah Laroui (b. 1933) put forward a concept of heterotemporality that distances itself from secularizing practices of timing and spacing, and, importantly, also from theological ones. His critique enables us to understand each of these practices as viewing heterotemporality through one master temporality, a view that represents temporality as, in Laroui's words, “absolute” time. First, this privileged temporality is the homogeneous time of secular progress, and second, it is the homogeneous time of theological truth. Laroui unsettles both practices of timing and spacing by discussing heterotemporality as governed by what he calls the antinomy of the concept of history. For Laroui, this antinomy refers to a specific temporal dynamic that results from the tension between the fundamental discontinuity and incoherence of history, on the one hand, and the production of continuity and coherence through human observers, on the other. Laroui thus reveals that the claims about continuity and coherence that sustain groundings of the political within homogeneous time—either secular or theological—must always be understood in relation to their position within the temporal dynamic of the antinomy of the concept of history. In revealing the temporal dynamic of this antinomy within the Islamic tradition, Laroui reworks the architecture of difference that keeps the secular modern and the Islamic theological conceptually separated from each other.     

解析信息社会流动空间的概念、属性与特征

伴随着20世纪90年代以来的数字技术革命,围绕信息而产生的概念被广泛纳入到了城市与区域空间研究框架中。流动空间是全球化进程中在信息技术的推动下产生的一种新的空间形式。信息技术、经济和空间的共同作用改变了传统的时间、空间和距离的概念,产生了全新的流动空间场。为了在城市与区域规划中更好地理解与应用流动空间这一概念,在把握国内外相关研究的基础上,我们总结出流动空间的概念,认为其具有实体空间与虚拟空间的二元属性,提出流动空间具有流动性、共享性、高时效性、空间弹性和高级网络性五大特征。在信息时代,对于流动空间的概念、属性与特征的研究强调了流动空间作为区别地方空间的一种新空间形式的内涵,突显出信息技术改变我们居住、生活空间的同时,将使我们主动地迎接空间转变的挑战。     

A STUDY OF THE DECAY PROCESSES OF HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM THE PARISH CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY, ROTHWELL, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Summary. The 13th century charnel house (or 'bone crypt') situated underneath the church of the Holy Trinity, Rothwell is one of only two surviving charnel houses in Britain and is therefore important not only in structural terms but also as a reservoir of human osteoarchaeological material. Over the last 60 years concern has been expressed about the condition of the crypt and the 'deterioration' of the bones. In this paper the authors outline their multidisciplinary approach to the study of the bone degradation and conditions within the crypt and stress the role of histology in such an approach. The implications of their findings are discussed and action for the long term preservation of the bones are recommended.     

THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF CHILD CARE: THE CASE OF THE CITY OF WATERLOO, ONTARIO*

The intention of this paper is to stimulate research on the demand and supply of child care services, an issue that has been largely neglected by geographers, although many of the problems involved lend themselves to geographical analysis. In addition, as the female labour force participation rate, the divorce rate, and the incidence of lone-parent families increase, so do the need for and importance of child care. We review the types of child care available in North America and provide statistics to demonstrate that the supply of child care falls short of demand. Furthermore, for the city of Waterloo, Ontario, through the use of 1981 and 1986 Census data we demonstrate that not only is the supply of licensed day care spaces insufficient to meet the demand, but also it is spatially arranged in a suboptimal way. Through population projections and net migration analyses we demonstrate that the demand for child care spaces in the near future is more likely to intensify in the periphery of the city, where the current supply is nonexistent. We thus argue that locational criteria should play a prominent role in the practice of licensing new day care centres. Cet article vise à encourager la recherche sur I'offre et la demande de services de garderie. Ce sujet a été largement négligé par les géographes měme si beaucoup des pro-blèmes rencontrés sont liés à des facteurs géographiques. De plus, la participation des femmes au marché du travail augmentant ainsi que le taux de divorce et le nombre de families monoparentales, les garderies deviennent de plus en plus nécessaires et importantes. Nous passons en revue les différents types de garderies qu'il est possible de trouver en Amérique du Nord et nous présentons des statistiques démontrant que le nombre actuel de garderies ne satisfait pas la demande. D'autre part, à I'aide des données du recensement canadien de 1981 et 1986 pour la ville de Waterloo, Ontario, nous prouvons que non seulement le nombre de places dans les garderies licenciées est insuffisant mais aussi que leur location géographique n'est pas optimale. À I'aide des études sur la population future et la migration nette, nous démontrons que la demande de garderies augmentera vraisemblablement à la périphérie de la ville où les garderies sont actuellement inexistantes. Par conséquent, nous estimons que le critère de localisation doit jouer un rǒle prédominant dans I'octroi des permis d'établissement de nouvelles garderies.     

NGAWANG,THE GUARDIAN OF THE TUNGGAR GROTTOS

<正>The ruins of Guge Kingdom in Zanda County,Ngari Prefecture include the Toling Monastery as well as the biggest soil forest within this worldfamous tourist attraction.Still,few people know that there is a small village named Tunggar there in the small valley of Ngayi Lhari     

INDIA,THE GREAT DIVERGENCE,AND THE WRECKAGE OF MODERNITY

Research over the last two decades on the economic divergence of Europe and China before the nineteenth century has stimulated much recent scholarship investigating similar diverging paths between Europe and India. Following the lead of Kenneth Pomeranz, this work focuses on the demographic, ecological, and geographical factors in this divergence and argues for the direct comparability of the most economically advanced parts of Europe with such places as Gujarat and Mysore in Mughal India, which showed considerable proto‐industrial development before their relative economic decline and deindustrialization in the nineteenth century. The book under review approaches this topic by deploying a modified Marxian‐Weberian framework and draws on extensive research in Indian and British archives to argue that both Gujarat and Mysore might have embarked on paths of sustained economic growth through natural commercial expansion and deliberate mercantilist statecraft hindered by the East India Company. Despite resurging interest in Marx, much recent work in global economic history highlights the limitations of modernization theories drawn from a long tradition of Western social science indebted to the theories of Marx and Weber.