论全球化时代的人地关系与政策调整

本文的主题是讨论经济全球化对人地关系的影响。首先,认为全球化强化了人地关系的重要性。在全球化推动现代性区域的空间范围不断扩大的同时,外化的空间及可能性在递减。全球性经济活动受到了地理环境的更大程度的制约。同时,经济全球化不会改变人类活动的基本空间型式和相互联系,也不意味着人类会自觉减轻对地理环境的巨大压力。其次,分析了全球化给人地关系带来的新变化。全球化条件下的人地关系呈现出从区域扩展为全球、从静态走向动态、从孤立化走向网络化三个新特点。最后,提出了全球化条件下优化人地关系的政策调整的新思路。一是倡导全球化条件下的先行性的人地关系伦理,二是要建立优化人地关系的全球性评估网络和政策网络。     

CHILDREN OF THE STREETS: RESCUE,REFORM AND THE FAMILY IN LEEDS, 1850-1914

Abstract

Attempts to rescue and reform destitute, orphaned and street children - the ‘waifs and strays’ of the new urban environment - led to a proliferation of children’s homes and welfare organizations in the second half of the I9th century. Local studies enable us to build up a detailed profile of the individuals involved from a grass-roots level. Using a study of Leeds, this article sketches the motives and aspirations of, on the one hand, philanthropists and, on the other, of parents and children enmeshed in what was a complex and ad hoc system. ‘Welfare’ was not simply a rigid mechanism that was imposed on the urban poor; from a local perspective it can be viewed as a relationship, albeit an unequal one. The institution of the children’s home could provide an important strategy for family survival in a world of limited choices.     

德国统一的空间经济格局变化分析

本文介绍了德国统一的背景及统一前的经济景观,论述了统一产生的问题及面临的挑战,进而在分析了人口迁移流与失业率变化的基础上探讨了统一后的空间经济格局的变化趋势。     

THE ASSUMPTIONS OF POLICY ANALYSIS

The preconditions of policy making are a concern in a human mind about some situation, actual or hypothetical, which is perceived as important and the conceived possibility that human action could make it better. Perceptions of the situation and of its origins and of the scope if any for acting on it and the actions conceived as available vary immensely with the culture of the society involved; and they change with time. This theme is illustrated by a brief summary of British political and cultural responses to poverty and to unemployment in the last hundred years.     

THE SOURCES OF PUBLIC POLICY: WELFARE POLICY IN THE AMERICAN STATES

The conceptualization of political and economic determinants of public policy as interactive rather than sufficient causes is subjected here to a comparative state analysis. An examination of interactive effects of culture, wealth, and gubernatorial power on AFDC grants and Medicaid benefits offers empirical illustration of Stonecash's reconceptualization of the classic politics-process-policy model. The results indicate that political dispositions become more potent in combination with increasing concentrations of wealth and executive power.