印度印穆教派冲突研究综述

印穆教派冲突是中外印度研究者普遍关注的问题。市民交往方式、政治操弄或工具论、议会民主制度的悖论、社会心理的精神分析、媒体的教派主义倾向,是目前国外印穆教派冲突研究的几个主要理论视角;国内学者的研究大致可分为教派问题的历史分期、冲突的原因、印度教民族主义、印度世俗主义等几个方面。     

从哈桑·班纳的思想和实践看伊斯兰原教旨主义与世俗主义

从哈桑·班纳的思想和实践看伊斯兰原教旨主义与世俗主义杨灏城自７０年代起，伊斯兰思潮和运动风起云涌，席卷了整个中东地区。其主体是伊斯兰原教旨主义思潮和运动，它以世俗主义反对宗教为名，推翻了几个国家的世俗政权，建立了不同形式的伊斯兰原教旨主义政权，并对不...     

社会变革与学术流派:当代英国马克思主义史学渊源综论

以霍布斯鲍姆和汤晋森等人为代表的英国马克思主义史学派,是20世纪国际史学中重要的一个史学派别。在社会变革与学术流派间相互关系的总体框架下,从学派形成的历史条件及学派发展的国际思潮背景着眼,可以清楚地看到英国马克思主义史学渊源的大体脉络。该学派形成与发展的重要学术前提,在于西方新史学与马克思主义史学之间的交互作用和互动机制,而学派奠立及其学术创新的背景层级,则依赖于当时国内外的社会政治、社会心理思潮和学术文化机制等重要社会环境资源。另外,英国传统史学理论与方法论体系对英国马克思主义历史学产生了至关重要的影响。     

20世纪初年西藏历史研究中学人的民族国家意识探析

20世纪初年,民族主义成为中国最主要的社会思潮,与此同时,中国史学的话语权也发生了变动,以"史界革命"相号召的"新史学"渐成主流。具有近现代意义的西藏历史研究也于此时启动,体现了现实救亡图存的政治诉求,在历史思想方面实践传统的藩属话语体系向近现代民族国家话语转变,在西藏历史研究文本中近现代民族国家观念得以初步确立。     

略论广智书局的日本史书译介活动

20世纪初年,东走日本的康有为、梁启超在上海投资创办了广智书局。该书局成为康梁向国内传播其政治理想的思想阵地,它重视历史类、政治类图书的译介,力图通过图书出版帮助国内知识分子建立对世界局势和中国形势的新理解,吸纳被边缘化的精英群体。书局译介历史类图书六十余种,涉及"专门史"著作、历史教科书等。译介出版的史书文字明白晓畅,充满激情与魔力,风行于华夏,激荡着国人的一腔热血。广智书局译介的史学著作具有强烈的政治目的,对新知识分子群体产生了重要影响。译介史著中体现的"普遍历史"思想、"专门史"的书写模式以及新的史书体裁,推动了中外史学的"会通",促进了"新史学"思潮向纵深发展。     

历史学家的时代使命与学术职责——吕西安·费弗尔和他的“河山之恋”

记得10年前,我曾在《西方史学史》一书中说过这样的一段话:"研究西方史学史,应研究西方历史学家所处的历史环境,研究他们所处时代的政治、经济与文化背景,因为一位历史学家的史学思想的产生及其演化,不可能是无源之水、无本之木。特别要研究社会转型与历史转折时期的史学思潮,研究这种史学思潮的特点及其走向,研究其代表人物的思想趋向……     

清季支那史、东洋史教科书介译初探

清季对日本之支那史、东洋史教科书的介译,是清末教育改革的产物,对清末早期新式学堂的历史教育,对国人自编本国史教科书的出现,都产生了深远影响;支那史、东洋史的介译亦是20世纪初年新史学思潮的重要组成部分,对新史学思潮的深入发展起到了推波助澜的作用;介译支那史、东洋史之主旨在于弘扬爱国主义精神,表现出较为浓厚的功利色彩。支那史、东洋史教科书在中国近代教育史、史学史上应有一定的地位。     

从历史文明到历史空间:新印度史学的历史地理学转向

以《剑桥印度史》和《牛津印度史》为代表的正统印度史学的历史地理学把印度的地理环境表述为一个单一而封闭的自然区域。这种历史地理学和东方专制主义观念一起,塑造了作为正统印度史学基石的印度文明观念。20世纪80年代后,以《新剑桥印度史》为代表的新印度史学不仅重构了印度的历史地理学,把印度的地理环境描述为一个多元而开放的地理空间,还解构了正统印度史学的东方专制主义理论,从而完全解构了正统印度史学的印度文明观。其结果是,新印度史学创立了一个新的历史空间,实现了从文明到空间的转向。     

引远室之光,照古老史学之殿堂——《欧洲近代史学史》读后

孙秉莹教授编著的《欧洲近代史学史》,已由湖南人民出版社出版。读了有关近代西方几个主要史学流派的章节之后,联想到过去梁启超对清代学术包括史学的看法,颇有所感。 近代西方史学开端于人文主义史学。孙书第一章即分节列述意大利、法、英等国的人文主义史家及其著述。西方人文主义史学是文艺复兴时期人本思潮在史学方面的反映。其共同趋向是面向世俗,面向人间,把开始摆脱宗教桎梏的有自我意志的人,视为创造历史的力量;把历史视为人的行为的记录,人的活动的结果。西学东渐之后,到本世纪初,我国学术界对西方历史逐渐有     

坚持科学标准深化史学评论振兴历史科学——30年的回顾、祝福和期盼

<正>《史学理论研究》的30年历程,回顾起来,有两点印象很深:一是它注意坚守唯物史观的主导地位。理论思潮中凡是涉及重大的根本性的是非问题,总能见到它发出重头文章,旗帜鲜明地维护唯物史观的主导地位。二是它越来越重视对多样的史学理论和方法的探讨。它的版面和栏目中,除了探讨唯物史观的理论和方法的文章,我们越来越多地看到论述外国史学和中国传统史学的理论和方     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.