论浙江古窑址多种色釉瓷（二）

二.浙江黑釉瓷文博界传统观念认为浙江的黑瓷只有德清窑曾有烧造而且到南朝时期就已停烧。笔者发现浙江以上林湖窑为中心的周边宁、绍、杭等地区,从商周战国开始原始瓷的生产时已有黑褐色瓷,这是华夏黑釉瓷的始祖,到汉代它的制瓷工艺技术已很先进。汉代以黑为贵,     

壶中日月(二)

汉代是原始瓷向瓷器进化的成熟期,随着制瓷技术的提高,东汉烧瓷温度已能达到1200摄氏度以上,出现了真正意义上的瓷器。《中国陶瓷史·秦汉时代》:陶器至汉代,有一最大之进化,不可不特别注意。盖自汉代以前,各种陶器,只能谓之为陶器,不能谓之为瓷器。考汉以前,并无‘瓷’字,至汉时,始言之及‘瓷’字,前此之不言‘瓷’字,盖无此物。当然不能言,后此之言及‘瓷’字,当然必有瓷之一物矣。故国人谓瓷器,发明于汉代。从用途上来看,瓷壶已失去了烧煮功能,变为盛装液体的单一用途,壶的形制     

瓷自江南来——馆藏原始瓷器撷英

<正>原始瓷,或称原始青瓷,特指先秦时期以瓷土作胎,外表施釉,烧成温度在1200摄氏度左右的器物。它与汉代以后成熟期的瓷器相比,具有造型古朴、胎质较粗,制法原始、炉温较低、釉层稀薄的特点,故称为"原始瓷"。原始瓷的历史最早可追溯至夏商之际或商代初期,并依次经历了夏商时期、西周早中期、西周中晚期至春秋早期、春秋中晚期、战国期等五个大的发展阶段,到了战国中期以后逐渐衰落。原始瓷的分布可分为东南地区和北方地区两大区域系统,而江苏常州所处的太湖平原正位于东南地区,也是南方原始瓷系统的中心地区之一。     

由陶到瓷

本文较系统地阐述了陶器、原始瓷的起源与演变以及成熟瓷器的产生,提出了一些具有学术深度的独到的观点。作者以对汉代原始瓷的肯定,再次否定了"原始瓷中断说"。在何为瓷器的问题上,将现代的科技测试与古人的审美理念相结合,提出了界定成熟瓷器的复合标准,从而澄清了近年来有关成熟瓷器的模糊概念。同时,对1 999年所述的"古瓷系统树"作了进一步的诠释和强调。     

南阳市嘉丰汽修厂汉墓清理简报

2001年9月,南阳市文物考古研究所在南阳市嘉丰汽修厂清理出一批汉代墓葬,其中M1出土陶、铜、瓷等质地的随葬遗物51件,铜钱4枚.随葬遗物中的瓷壶首次经科学鉴定为典型的高温原始瓷釉层,是我国南方烧制的原始瓷.依据墓葬形制和出土器物的特征,该墓的时代应在西汉晚期.     

南阳市审计局汉墓发掘简报

2001年1月南阳市文物考古研究所在南阳市审计局清理出一批汉代墓葬,其中三座墓葬为木板盖顶的平顶砖室墓,这类墓葬在本区内极少发现.M69出土的瓷壶碎片经鉴定为原始瓷,而这种原始瓷器生产于我国南方江西、浙江等地.因此南阳这件原始瓷壶也很可能来自南方.     

试探原始青瓷之本名

本文以考古资料为据,从生产与使用人群入手考察,在钩沉文献后认为,中原古代文献记载的、扬州贡品中的琨瑶极有可能是中原人对原始青瓷的最早记载,属于越文化的内容。而且汉代在长沙国出现并首先使用的资(瓷),标志着中国开始有了瓷的概念,这同样是越文化的内容。     

商周时期原始瓷的产地问题再思考

原始瓷尤其是北方原始瓷的产地研究,向来受到学术界的关注并讨论热烈,但对北方原始瓷产地问题的认识却迄未统一。本文在对已有观点进行述评的前提下,对原始瓷的出土情况、原始瓷的形制与纹饰、制瓷原料的地理分布、制瓷的工艺技术基础、原始瓷的理化分析、商周之际的交通运输等相关因素进行了综合分析,在此基础上,提出了对北方原始瓷产地问题的新见解。     

试论夏商时期原始瓷的运输路线

多年来,我国南、北方均出土为数不少的原始瓷,其中以浙江德清和江西吴城为代表的长江下游地区因发现持续烧造原始瓷的窑址以及种类丰富、数量众多的产品,而被认为是原始瓷烧造的中心。本文尝试梳理夏商时期原始瓷在各地分布的情况,结合各遗址出土产品,初步探索原始瓷向北方及其他地区输送的路线,以进一步了解文明初期中原"中央"与"四方"之一东南地区的关系。     

烟气氤氲 人神共享——漫话瓷香炉

香炉,即焚香之器皿。焚香起源很早,最初是热带地区的居民为驱臭除秽而焚烧香料,可能并没有用一种特别的器物来焚烧,因为最早的香料是些草本或藤本的植物。专门用于焚香的器皿,据文献记载始于汉代,如著名的博山炉。《收藏家》2007年第5期上刊登了浙江萧山博物馆收藏的战国原始瓷熏,瓷熏的造型类似与明清时期的天球瓶,     

A Comparative Study of the Early High‐Fired Ceramic Shards from Dongtiaoxi,Zhejiang (China)

There is a generally accepted view that there is an obvious distinction between proto‐porcelain and stamped stoneware. However, some early shards unearthed from the Dongtiaoxi region (northern Zhejiang) inspire people to rediscuss the relationship between them, because it is difficult to identify them as proto‐porcelain or stamped stoneware. In this work, we have collected samples from three of the earliest kiln sites (Piaoshan, Beijiashan and Nanshan) in the Dongtiaoxi region. We have analysed the chemical composition, firing temperature and phase composition of the samples. Comparing samples from the three kiln sites, we find that, from Piaoshan and Beijiashan to Nanshan, there has been progression in the manufacturing technology. The Shang proto‐porcelain and the stamped stoneware from Nanshan have similar raw materials, firing temperatures and body phase compositions—and they have obviously different decorative appearances, such as glazing or stamping. For ceramics from Piaoshan and Beijiashan, there is no clear distinction between glazed and unglazed samples. We believe that in the Dongtiaoxi region, the difference in the decoration between proto‐porcelain and stoneware became obvious up to the time of the Nanshan production but that, subsequently, two different paths for the development of high‐fired ceramics began to diverge.     

The Roots and Achievements of the Early Proto‐Sunni Movement: A Profile and Interpretation

In recent years, the term “proto‐Sunni” has become common in scholarship on the early centuries of Islam. Drawing on categories developed by Peter Berger, this study seeks to move toward a more inclusive portrait of the early proto‐Sunni movement and a more organic understanding of the movement's success. It argues that owing to the erosion of several of the “plausibility structures” of earliest Islam, three tendencies emerged among the proto‐Sunnis between the early 8^th and mid‐9^th centuries C.E.: proto‐Sunnis as traditionist ?ulamā?, proto‐Sunnis as pious ascetics, and proto‐Sunnis as volunteer holy warriors. The prestige acquired through their activities in these areas enabled the early proto‐Sunnis to “objectify” and “legitimize” new plausibility structures which would prove decisive to an eventual Sunni consensus.     

The Chemical Composition and Production Area of Early Western Zhou Proto‐Porcelain Unearthed from Yejiashan Cemetery,Suizhou, China

The bodies and glazes of 27 early Western Zhou proto‐porcelain samples from Yejiashan cemetery, Hubei Province, were analysed using LA‐ICP–AES, SEM, XRD, a thermal expansion instrument and other analytical methods. The results indicated that the bodies of all samples were characterized by high silicon and low aluminium, and were made with porcelain stone raw materials found in the south of China. The glazes are typical of high‐temperature calcium glazes of the CaO (MgO) – K₂O (Na₂O) – Al₂O₃ – SiO₂ series, with relatively high Mn and P content, which was probably caused by the addition of plant ashes. The physical properties and phase compositions of Yejiashan proto‐porcelain show that firing processes were still in the early stages of development in ancient China. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that Yejiashan proto‐porcelain might have come from the Deqing area, in Zhejiang Province. These results provide new archaeological evidence for research on issues related to material flow in the Western Zhou dynasty.     

论中国史学史学科的产生

作为一门学科,中国史学史是在20世纪20年代提出的,至40年代初步形成。中国史学史这门学科产生的学术背景,与“史界革命”、文化史的兴起、通史与专史关系的认识等有密切的联系;梁启超、朱希祖、李大钊、何炳松、柳诒徵等人,对中国史学史学科的产生与形成有着开拓性的贡献。     

江苏仪征刘集联营西汉墓出土占卜漆盘

仪征刘集联营是扬州地区一处重要的西汉早期墓葬群,从已发掘的9座墓葬规格和出土器物来看,这里应是西汉江都国至广陵国高中级官吏的葬地,本次抢救清理的10号墓,最重要发现是首次出土了1件占卜漆盘,该漆盘对研究古代星相、阴阳、堪舆学等提供了新的实物资料。     

医院可达性评价与规划——以江苏省仪征市为例

医院作为公共服务设施的一个重要组成部分,为居民提供了必不可少的医疗机会,其空间分布以及可达性的优劣,直接影响到居民能接触到医院的机会和方便程度。把可达性的概念引入到医院规划中,利用Mapinfo公司的控件MapX和Borland公司的可视化编程语言Delphi,开发了基于时间最短的路径选择信息系统,生成了医院可达性的等时线图和医院服务范围图,通过该系统可直观的看到区域内任何一点到达同一级医院所花费的最短时间以及通过的路径。以江苏省仪征市的医院为例,运用该系统对医院的可达性进行了评价,并提出了医院的规划方案。     

关于柳诒徴《国史要义》

作为民国时期以所谓文化保守主义者著称的柳诒徵,其晚年代表作《国史要义》,与近世言史学的其他著作比较,既不似文化守旧者之迂,又不像以西法论史学者与传统史学之隔阂,庶几可视为使我们脱开些西方学科理论影响,一窥传统史学堂奥的密钥。而在理解中国传统史学的同时,面对传统与现代的二元对立观念的纠缠,或在现代的学科格局中,怎样完成传统史学学术的创造性转换,也是我们阅读《国史要义》时有必要思考的重要问题。     

Modern ideology and the creation of ancient town planning

This paper examines the historiography of ancient town planning and the Roman city, with particular attention to its origin in the town planning debate of the early twentieth century. It questions the existing dichotomies, ‘civilised'/'uncivilised’, ‘classical'/'barbarian’, ‘urban'/'proto‐urban’, that have characterised this history. Finally, the paper examines the effect of the separation of the academic disciplines of classics and archaeology in Britain upon the history of ancient urbanism.     

Why the United States Does Not Have Responsible Parties

Political philosophy must be pursued phenomenologically. When pursued phenomenologically, political philosophy is in fact proto or first philosophy itself rather than a subsection of philosophy. As first philosophy, political philosophy must be seen as architectonic, the queen of the sciences.     

I,Claudius. Self‐styling in early medieval debate

Historians often have difficulties understanding contrary figures who deviated from mainstream practices and beliefs. In the case of Claudius of Turin, who because of his iconoclasm has been pictured as a proto‐Protestant, this image of a solitary was partly his own creation. Claudius liked to present himself as a truth‐teller, defending God's honour and the unity of the church against all kinds of evils. This article uses the case of Claudius and the response of Dungal, one of his learned opponents, like him connected to the royal court, to reflect on the role of self‐styling in early medieval debate.