Local Academic Knowledge Transfers and the Concentration of Economic Activity

In this paper I examine agglomeration effects on the intensity of local knowledge transfers from universities to high technology innovations within the modified Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function framework. Estimations are carried out at the level of U.S. metropolitan areas. Concentration of high technology employment turns out to be the most important factor promoting local academic knowledge transfers. I find that a "critical mass" of agglomeration must be reached in order to expect substantial local economic effects of academic research spending.     

Equitable Approaches to Local Economic Development

Central city economic development during the 1980s and 1990s resounded with the theme of "public-private partnerships" putting together new downtown hotels, sports stadiums, and festival marketplaces. Yet, as city after city proclaimed its "renaissance" and "rebirth," poverty and unemployment increased in many of the same cities. Economic disparities also increased between central cities and their suburbs. These contrasting patterns of growth and decline were often reflected in local economic development struggles over downtown versus neighborhoods, economic development as job generation versus real estate development, and the rich and powerful versus the poor and marginalized. In some cities, these concerns often were articulated by African-American, Latino, and blue-collar communities and their activist supporters. They led to new development strategies designed to balance more equitably the costs and benefits of local economic development. The new strategies included opening government to previously excluded constituencies, linking downtown development to neighborhood development managed by community development corporations, and balancing development across economic sectors. This article reviews efforts in several cities to implement redistributive urban planning and local economic development policies. It concludes with three possibilities for improving broader equity outcomes in future local economic development.     

学修《政府志》浅识

《政府志》从某种意义上可以称之为地方的大事记、小百科全书和地方志书的浓缩本。《政府志》编纂时应遵守职能、角度、重点、特色、完整等原则,还要做到：1．明确思想,统一认识,端正态度;2．科学拟定系统、完整的篇目结构;3．认真搜集资料;4．在编纂上下功夫;5．广泛征求意见,并反复认真修改。同时为保证《政府志》的质量,还应把好稿编纂关、评审关和印刷出版关。     

论数字城市与地方志

信息时代的城市发展正在向依赖知识和信息的知识经济和信息社会迅速转变。建设数字城市是社会经济发展的必然。地方志是数字城市最重要的广义数据源。地方志部门要想在数字城市建设中发挥积极作用,需要抓住机遇,加快地方志资源网络化建设,扩大地方志的影响,研究网络环境下地方志的编纂理论和方法,为用户提供有价值的决策信息。     

注重专题调查提高志书学术品位

专题调查有助于提高志书的学术品位,而一篇好的专题调查也需要一个合适的载体。文章就专题调查的必要性、针对性和可行性以及专题调查在志书中位置的合理性作了简要的论述。     

写活社会精魂,增强志书教化功能

教化是地方志传统的重要功能。首轮新编地方志书在体现教化功能方面有所欠缺。第二轮志书应增强教化功能,建议增加社会篇幅,充实教化分量;抓住重点特点,写好社会风尚;突破体裁惯例,增加人物入志分量;注重人文精神,写活经济部类;挖掘、统筹涉及人的资料,写活志书的社会精魂;使志书成为对人民群众尤其是青少年进行革命传统教育、地情教育和爱国主义、爱家乡教育的生动教材,发挥更大的社会效益。     

Network Governance Amidst Local Economic Crisis

This paper examines the operation of a network governance experiment that accompanied political and policy responses to an economic shock in an Australian provincial city. The economic shock was precipitated by the closure of a steelworks operation, wiping out a significant base of employment in the city. Challenges to the operation of network governance raised in the study relate to: asymmetries of information, capabilities, resources and power; political agendas by higher-tier governments; the diverse calls of interests and, not least, the tensions and indeterminacies of a liberal, market-oriented variety of capitalism. Implications for the development of network governance approaches are discussed.     

运用地名学知识记述好续志中的地名文化

续志对于地名的记述,要注意其地名化内涵的揭示,编写中可借鉴地名学研究的方法,同时总结首届修志地名记述中的得失,从而承担起守住地名历史化的重任。     

Local Policy Responses to Globalization: Place-Based Ownership Models of Economic Enterprise

The destabilizing forces wrought by economic globalization increasingly buffet local communities throughout America. This article explores a local policy strategy for coping with the effects of these forces and restoring some degree of stability to local economies. This strategy entails the creation of place-based ownership models of economic enterprise. With ownership and control held in a more collective or community-oriented fashion, such enterprises tend to anchor or root investment more securely in communities, providing a counterforce to globalization. We present and critically assess six place-based ownership models while providing illustrative examples to demonstrate how each model can work in practice.     

旧志整理基本知识和方法

旧志由于产生的时代久远,整理起来从内容到形式都会出现一些复杂的现象,如大小字体、纪年、地名、人名、段落、句式、字体字号、图表、校记、审校等常见的细节问题,必须严格制定细则,才能做到形式统一。点校从局部开始,更重要的是从宏观上通览全志、掌握旧志体例形式和古文献的文体格式,运用本校方法,把时代背景和古文义理弄通弄懂,然后才能准确地进行微观校勘和标点。     

中国方志数字图书馆建设的构想

目前方志界存在两个比较大的问题：一是古旧方志散布各地,年久破损,难以持久保存;另一个是新方志修纂耗费大量的时间和资金,但志书的利用率却很低。信息时代的到来,数字图书馆方案的产生,为解决这两个问题带来了契机。本通过对志书资源特性的考察,结合数字图书馆理论,提出一个建设方志数字图书馆的简要方案,即通过制作数字格式志书、加工生成专题库、在线发布和阅读来建立一个全国性的方志数字图书馆。     

Economic Policies and Local Development: Some Reflections

Every national system is also a sum of all its regional economies. Then, there are economically differentiated regions within nations. If the foregoing is true, a crucial problem for economic policy is determining which policies should be pursued at the national level (national policies), and on what grounds, and which should instead be developed at the local, regional level (local policies). What policies influence the development and competitiveness of regional economies? This article tries to discuss these issues.The first causal relation to examine is that between national economic policies and the competitiveness of a country's regions. The picture grows even more complex if we consider that there are national policies which have explicitly geographical objectives. Then, why not count on national policies, even locally differentiated ones? Having answered this question this paper addresses the opposite issue: why should we not view the entirety, or at least the largest part, of national economic policy--and development policies in particular--as simply the sum of local economic policies? How can one distinguish between the local effects of national economic policies and those of local development policies? A further problem is providing a satisfactory definition of regions (i.e. the areas in which policies are to be implemented) and of their boundaries.     

Categories of Local Economic Development: An Empirical Analysis

In examining local economic development incentives, scholars have found it useful to employ typologies of development practices. Such typologies have been based on assumptions that techniques reflect functional categories, such as marketing and financial incentives, or can be organized by the nature of costs and benefits, or by the nature of incentive goals. While useful heuristic devices, little effort has been made to test these typologies empirically. This research note provides an empirically based typology of local economic development incentives, using data from 967 cities collected by the International City Management Association.     

立足地情做好区志编修工作

河北省唐山市丰润区区志篇目设计立足区情,分4个阶段进行篇目设计:设计一部志还是两部志篇目阶段,立足区情补充完善阶段,广泛征求意见完善提高阶段,优化篇目阶段。在具体的编写过程中,区志办又着眼区划调整,妥善处理了编纂中遇到的交叉和融合问题。     

贵州省地方志文献数字化建设研究

本文就贵州省地方志编修的成果。介绍了利用贵州师范大学“数字校园”平台、技术及专业人员．开展贵州省省情（地方志）全文数据库建设的总体情况、基本模式、技术实现,探讨数据标引、数据转换、数据库存储、检索等技术。     

志书的经济部类部门志倾向探析

首轮和第二轮已经出版志书的经济部类,基本上都是以部门设篇立目。按部门设篇立目,难以反映某一经济行业的全部历史与现状,势必漏设三次产业中许多行业,破坏了三次产业的完整。要通过参照《国民经济行业分类》和《统计年鉴》的分类等多种方法,解决部门志痕迹突出的问题。     

State Sciences and Development Histories: Encoding Local Forestry Knowledge in Bengal

Informed by debates on development discourse, local knowledge, and the history of colonial conservation, this article argues for a careful historical investigation of the manner in which scientific managerial knowledge emerges in the field of forestry. It makes its case by focusing on the specific period in the history of Bengal (1893–1937) when scientific forestry was formalized and institutionalized. The processes and conflicts through which local knowledge gets encoded as scientific canon have to be understood to generate effective managerial devolution in participatory projects. This requires an engagement with public understandings of science as practice that arises from a dynamic critique of static, and undifferentiated, notions of development discourse or local knowledge.