台湾地区旅游质量满意度的实证研究

本文研究了台湾居民对台湾当地休闲旅游的整体质量表现的满意程度。研究结果发现,若单以景点来看,游客对景点的满意度达到中上程度;如果考虑了交通、住宿、餐饮等因素以后,满意程度反而降低。这表明,台湾地区旅游相关配套设施仍有很大的发展与改进空间。     

近十年宋辽金元宗族研究综述

宋辽金元宗族研究取得可喜的成果,出版了数部学术水准很高的专著。台湾的宋代宗族研究尤为突出,深入探讨了宗族与科举、婚姻的关系,阐述了宗族在地方社会的作用以及保持强盛的机制。辽金宗族研究也取得了不小进展。宋辽金元宗族的研究,需要将宋辽金元各时期宗族与明清时期的宗族连在一起,注重宗族与社会历史断裂与连续的关系,进行长时段研究。加强地域性宗族研究,开展宋元时期不同地域宗族的比较研究、宋元与明清宗族的比较研究也是必要的。     

Centralized Governance and Student Outcomes: Excellence,Equity, and Academic Achievement in the U.S. States

Are states with more centralized approaches to education governance more likely to have higher student achievement and lower achievement gaps between poor and nonpoor students? This article addresses that question by theorizing about the effects of political, administrative, and fiscal centralization on student outcomes. It tests competing hypotheses about the degree to which centralization across these three dimensions is associated with the promotion of academic excellence (higher achievement) and equity (narrower achievement gaps). The results demonstrate the virtue of studying academic performance through the lens of governance and more distal system‐level variables rather than, as has been common in the literature, more narrow policy‐oriented measures. The findings show that strong relationships exist between student outcomes and the degree of political centralization and administrative centralization in a state, yet there are no apparent associations with fiscal centralization. The results also illustrate that governing arrangements are not consistently related to the advancement of excellence and equity. In terms of administrative centralization, specifically, apparent trade‐offs may exist.     

Delayed,deferred and dropped out: geographies of Filipino-Canadian high school students

Models representing the assimilation of post-Second World War immigrants to North America use the academic achievement of children of first-generation immigrants as a benchmark of social mobility. Filipino youths in Canada fall short of this benchmark – they neither meet nor exceed their parents’ academic achievements. While concern with outcomes is a useful starting point, I suggest that there is a need to interrogate how and where students are produced as different. To do this, I attend to the geographies in the narratives of youths gathered from Filipino high school students in Vancouver (unceded Coast Salish Territories). I examine how they negotiate the spaces of transnational migration, their lives as students and spaces where their educational trajectories are deferred and delayed. I argue that the geographies of transnational migration and family should be held together with spaces of the school and education when considering academic outcomes.     

客源地—目的地关系质量对游客多分类旅游意愿的影响机制研究——以大陆赴台湾潜在客源市场为例

客源地—目的地关系和游客的旅游决策是旅游营销研究中的重要议题。本研究基于联想网络理论,构建了关系质量、多分类旅游意愿、游客风险倾向等变量之间的融合影响机制,以大陆赴台湾潜在客源市场为例,依托问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型进行建模和检验。研究表明:(1)消极化的客源地—目的地关系质量通过直接效应和旅游形象的中介作用负向影响游客对目的地的旅游意愿(赴台旅游意愿);(2)消极化的关系质量负向影响游客的基础旅游意愿(出境旅游意愿),并强化了替代旅游意愿(非台湾旅游意愿)的替代作用;(3)低风险倾向游客的多分类旅游意愿受消极化关系质量的负向影响更强。本研究拓展了联想网络理论的应用领域,揭示了客源地—目的地关系质量对多分类意愿的影响机制。     

我国台湾学者邢义田先生对古代罗马史的研究

台湾学者邢义田对古代罗马史素有研究,编译过资料选集,写作过专题论文和有关书评,翻译过重要文献,发表过考古调查报告,现场拍摄过文物照片。这些成果中有的内容为大陆史学界少见,因此颇具参考价值。     

Maternal work hours and adolescents’ body weight in South Korea

This study examined whether previous findings linking maternal work hours to obesity among children generalised to Asian populations. Using a nationally representative sample of Korean middle school students and their parents (N?=?1,873), ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression models assessed the association between maternal work hours and adolescents’ body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. There were no significant associations between mothers’ weekly work hours and adolescents’ BMI (raw score, z-score, and percentile), overweight and obesity. These null associations were robust across different specifications for maternal employment, the proposed mediators, and outcome variables. Although longer maternal work hours were associated with adolescents’ longer unsupervised time, more sedentary behaviours (TV/Video/DVD viewing and electronic game playing), and less physical activity, this did not lead to an increase in the likelihood of being overweight and obese.     

Australian children's independent mobility levels: secondary analyses of cross-sectional data between 1991 and 2012

This study investigated changes in Australian children's independent mobility levels between1991 and 2012. Data from five cross-sectional studies conducted in 1991, 1993, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were analysed. Parent and child surveys were used to assess parental licences for independent mobility and actual independent mobility behaviour in children aged 8–13 years. Findings show declines in the proportion of young children (≤10 years of age) being allowed to travel home from school alone (1991: 68%, 1993: 50%, 2010: 43%, 2011: 45%, 2012: 31%) and travel on buses alone (1991: 31%, 1993: 15%, 2010: 8%, 2011: 6%, 2012: 9%). Furthermore, the proportion of children travelling independently to school decreased (1991: 61%, 1993: 42%, 2010: 31%, 2011: 32%, 2012: 32%). Significantly fewer girls than boys travelled independently to school at each time point (p?≤?.001). Overall, the findings suggest that Australian children's independent mobility levels declined between 1991 and 2012.     

Spatial and temporal patterns in primary school enrolment and exam achievement in Rural Uganda

Using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative, quantitative and Geographic Information Science methods, we assessed the primary school landscape around a protected area in Western Uganda. Data from a household survey, interviews and standardized school examinations were mapped to visualize spatial patterns in enrolment and academic achievement. We found children on average were starting school at age nine, but started to dropout as early as age 14; especially orphaned boys. Twenty of 36 schools demonstrated improving examination results from 2004 to 2013, although in one district improvements were lacking. Girls traditionally perform poorer than boys on exams in Uganda, but we found girls’ exam scores were catching-up. Support from one non-governmental organization with a long-term local presence was improving academic achievement. The use of Geographic Information Science provided spatially explicit recommendations to guide local policy actions for primary school education.     

Children's daily travel to school in Johannesburg-Soweto,South Africa: geography and school choice in the Birth to Twenty cohort study

This paper has two aims: to explore approaches to the measurement of children's daily travel to school in a context of limited geospatial data availability and to provide data regarding school choice and distance travelled to school in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa. The paper makes use of data from the Birth to Twenty cohort study (n?=?1428) to explore three different approaches to estimating school choice and travel to school. First, straight-line distance between home and school is calculated. Second, census geography is used to determine whether a child's home and school fall in the same area. Third, distance data are used to determine whether a child attends the nearest school. Each of these approaches highlights a different aspect of mobility, and all provide valuable data. Overall, primary-school-aged children in Soweto-Johannesburg are shown to be travelling substantial distances to school on a daily basis. Over a third travel more than 3 km one way to school, 60% attend schools outside of the suburb in which they live, and only 18% attend their nearest school. These data provide evidence for high levels of school choice in Johannesburg-Soweto, and that families and children are making substantial investments in pursuit of high-quality educational opportunities. Additionally, these data suggest that two patterns of school choice are evident: one pattern involving travel of substantial distances and requiring a higher level of financial investment and a second pattern involving choice between more local schools, requiring less travel and a more limited financial investment.     

Geographic information system‐based evaluation of spatial accessibility to maternal health facilities in Siaya County,Kenya

Maternal mortality is a major problem in middle‐income and low‐income countries, and the availability and accessibility of healthcare facilities offering safe delivery is important in averting maternal deaths. Siaya County, in Kenya, has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the country—far more than the national average. This study aimed to evaluate geographic access to health facilities offering delivery services in Siaya County. A mixed‐methods approach incorporating geographic information system analysis and individual data from semi‐structured interviews was used to derive travel time maps to facilities using different travel scenarios: AccessMod5 and ArcGIS were used for these tasks. The derived maps were then linked to georeferenced household survey data in a multilevel logistic regression model in R to predict the probability of expectant women delivering in a health facility. Based on the derived travel times, 26 per cent (13,140) and 67 per cent (32,074) of the estimated 46,332 pregnant women could reach any facility within one and two hours, respectively, while walking with the percentage falling to seven per cent (3,415) and 20 per cent (8,845) when considering referral facilities. Motorised transport significantly increased coverage. The findings revealed that the predicted probability of a pregnant woman delivering in a health facility ranged between 0.14 and 0.86. Significant differences existed in access levels with transportation‐based interventions significantly increasing coverage. The derived maps can help health policy planners identify underserved areas and monitor future reductions in inequalities. This work has theoretical implications for conceptualising healthcare accessibility besides advancing the literature on mixed methodologies.     

English-Language Assistance Programs, English-Skill Acquisition, and the Academic Progress of High School Language Minority Students

Utilizing the 1988–1992 surveys from the Restricted-Use National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, I find that language minority students who received English-language assistance (ELA) programs beyond the third grade reported lower English-skill acquisition and made smaller academic progress in high school than their peers. Moreover, while the type of high school ELA program (e.g., bilingual education) differently affected scholastic outcomes, students in such programs did not surpass their counterparts in monolingual-English classes on average.     

家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响研究

揭示家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响可以为家庭旅游精准营销提供依据.将城镇居民的家庭生命周期分为筑巢期、满巢Ⅰ期、满巢Ⅱ期、空巢期4个阶段,探究家庭生命周期对其旅游行为的影响,发现:①家庭生命周期影响旅游者的目的地选择行为,不同家庭生命周期旅游者的景区到访率距离衰减速率不同;②家庭生命周期影响旅游者的旅游活动类型偏好,满...     

女性旅游安全研究进展与启示

随着女性旅游市场的发展,女性旅游者安全问题日益明显。但目前针对这方面的研究还很有限,从世界范围看,世界各国和地区的女性旅游研究普遍存在着理论创新落后于现实发展的状况,女性旅游安全研究更是如此;从国内看,我国关于女性旅游安全研究几近空白,然而相关媒体对女性旅游安全事故的报道却屡见报端;从国外研究现状看,目前针对女性旅游安全研究的文章主要集中在旅游安全感知、风险认知、女性性旅游中的不安全行为、孕妇旅游安全的保障和风险等角度。因此,总体来讲,国内外学者对女性旅游安全研究尚处于初级阶段,研究深度和广度有待扩展和加强。
本文在搜集国内外相关资料的基础上,对近20多年来的研究成果进行了梳理、归类和总结,从女性旅游者的心理不安全感、不安全旅游行为、安全事故、安全预防四个方面对相关文献进行了分析、研究和评述,并针对目前的研究现状对女性旅游安全研究的趋势和必要性进行了预测和分析,旨在进一步丰富旅游安全的理论内容,并为女性旅游安全问题的后续研究提供建议和参考。     

城市设施环境对初中学生体质健康的影响——以大连市主城区为例

青少年学生体质下降,身体形态肥胖化。论文以BMI指数衡量学生体质健康,通过地理加权回归模型分析了校内、通学以及社区服务设施对初中学生体质健康的异质性影响。发现:(1)初中学生体质健康社区分异明显,超重低风险和未超重高风险社区围绕超重高风险社区集聚。(2)能量摄入型设施分布从中心向边缘逐渐减少,能量消耗型设施表现出相反的特征,道路网密度向中心集聚,医疗设施呈离散分布。(3)学校人均绿地面积,通学距离、道路网密度,公交站、西餐厅、休憩设施、零售设施、医疗设施可达性对学生体质健康的影响在中心区与边缘区具有异质性。     

TOD对北京市居民通勤影响及其机制研究

TOD被广泛认为是一种可持续城市发展模式,同时对于促进绿色交通也具有重要意义。但是,学术界对TOD的交通影响研究仍然存在争论。本文以北京为例,通过实际调查,采用定量研究方法,对地铁站周边居住居民的通勤出行方式进行了研究。在控制了居民社会经济属性和出行距离等因素的情况下,回归分析结果表明,地铁站周边地区的土地利用混合度、接驳公交服务、模式通勤时效等对居民通勤出行方式具有显著影响。高土地混合度和便捷交通接驳服务能够提高居民选择公交或非机动出行的比例;由于各模式时效差异,长距离通勤的居民更加倾向于选择地铁出行。同时,TOD模式能够提高需求出行导向的居民绿色通勤的可能性。     

网络舆情危机下旅游形象感知的变化及对出游意向的影响——以青岛“天价虾事件”为例

随着中国旅游经济的快速发展，提升和维护旅游形象成为旅游目的地的关键任务之一。然而，在互联网时代，网络舆情事件正在对旅游目的地形象带来新的威胁，值得引起学界关注。文章以青岛“天价虾事件”为例，采用结构方程模型，基于潜在游客视角尝试回答：网络舆情危机下，潜在游客对旅游目的地形象感知是否发生变化，形象感知的变化能否引起其出游意向的变化?结果表明：①网络舆情危机下，潜在游客的认知形象变差会直接导致情感形象和整体形象变差；同时，情感形象变差也会对直接引起整体形象变差。②网络舆情危机下，受认知形象变化和情感形象变化的影响，潜在游客的出游意向受到明显抑制；其中，情感形象起直接作用，认知形象起间接作用。     

What constitutes a ‘trip’? Examining child journey attributes using GPS and self-report

Active travel is associated with improved health and development outcomes in children. Accurate detection of children's travel behaviors and routes, however, is problematic. Travel diaries are often used to collect information on children's travel behaviors, yet no evidence for the accuracy of this methodology exists. This study investigated the validity of children's self-reported trips (origin, destination) compared with an objective criterion (global positioning systems units; GPS). Children (n = 10, 9–11 y) wore the GPS units for seven consecutive days between March and June 2011 and completed travel diaries daily with researcher assistance. Affinity group interviews were conducted in December 2011 with 30 children from two schools to garner perspectives on trip definition, neighborhood perceptions, and to illuminate GPS and travel diary findings. GPS journeys were manually compared with travel diary journeys for destination sequencing, start times, and travel mode. Accuracy in trip sequencing was compared by day type, and journey type using percentage differences and the chi-square (χ²) statistic. Of the 380 trips captured, 54.5% of journey sequences were fully or partially matched, 22.4% were GPS only trips and 23.2% travel diary only. Greater accuracy (full/partial match) was observed for weekdays than for weekend days and for the journey to or from school than for other journeys. Travel mode agreement existed for 99% of matched trips. Although children's travel diaries may confer contextual journey information, they may not provide completely accurate information on journey sequencing. Thematic analysis of affinity group data revealed that reasons for this are multifaceted, including differing concepts of what constitutes a ‘trip’. A combined approach of GPS and travel diary is recommended to gather a comprehensive understanding of children's journey characteristics.     

Academic travel from Cambridge University and the formation of centres of knowledge, 1885–1954

This paper draws attention to academic travel as a key issue in the geographies of knowledge, science and higher education. Building upon recent work in science studies and geography, it is argued that academic travel reveals the wider geography of scientific work and thus of the knowledge and networks involved. By examining academic travel from Cambridge University in the period 1885 to 1954, the study clarifies its role in the development of Cambridge as a modern research university, the emergence of global knowledge centres elsewhere and the development of an Anglo-American academic hegemony in the twentieth century. Using unpublished archival data on all recorded applications for leave of absence by Cambridge University Teaching Officers, it is further explored how the global geographies of academic travel varied among different types of work, thereby exposing distinct hierarchies of spaces of knowledge production and sites of study.