中国边疆历史研究的新成果——《西北民族史与察合台汗国史研究》简介

中国边疆历史研究的新成果——《西北民族史与察合台汗国史研究》简介王东平察合台汗国是１３、１４世纪横跨欧亚大陆的蒙古帝国内四大宗藩之一,为成吉思汗次子察合台所建,其极盛时代,统治了包括我国新疆大部在内的广大中亚地区。保存至今的有关察合台汗国的历史文献,...     

蒙古帝国中亚征服史

<正>讲述蒙古帝国在成吉思汗及其继承者的统治下崛起与兴盛的辉煌历史2017年4月/48.80元(平装)ISBN 9787520101370《蒙古帝国中亚征服史》(2010)是国际蒙古学界系统探讨蒙古的又一部新作。作者详细地回溯了蒙古帝国在成吉思汗和他的继承们统治下的崛起与兴盛。该书的研究重点是察合台汗国(1227~15在中亚三百五十多年的统治、与周边政权印度、中原(当时元、明朝     

耶律楚材与西域

耶律楚才是13世纪我国著名的政治家和文人。由金入元后,曾随侍成吉思汗西征,在中亚留居生活近十年。他的诗文展现了当时中亚的人文、地理、民俗、社会等方面的状况,具有极高的认识价值,对于我们了解、研究丝绸之路和西域历史具有重要的参考价值。     

雄伟壮丽的史诗——评清末蒙古族的长篇小说《青史演义》

一 《青史演义》是一部是清末蒙古族作家尹湛纳希创作的现实主义巨著。作品描绘了从成吉思汗诞生到窝润台即位为止重要的历史事件,展现了十二、三世纪蒙古民族的历史画面,塑造了民族英雄成吉思汗的光辉形象。 《青史演义》虽然取材于历史,但是就作品的创作意图和作品的客观效果来说,都具有时代精神和现实意义。它产生于十九世纪的中叶,当时蒙古民族濒临着危机,为挽救民族的命运,唤醒民族的觉醒,尹湛纳希创作了《青史演义》。     

在新疆出土的蒙元帝国钱币

自1206年成吉思汗统一蒙古各部,并于公元1218—1221年征服中亚以后,建立了一个横跨欧亚大陆的帝国。成吉思汗向西扩张虽带来了战争和破坏,但在东西方经济、化交流上有深远的影响。他将这些地方分封给他的三个儿子分别统治。长子术赤分有南俄钦差草原和西伯利亚南部,同时还包括花刺子模一带,     

察合台汗国钱币简史

元朝西北宗藩国,统治中亚地区的蒙古汗国。成吉思汗次子察合台所建。兴盛时,疆域东至吐鲁番、罗布泊,西及阿姆河,北到塔尔巴哈台山,南越兴都库什山。     

寻找一代天骄——成吉思汗

鄂尔多斯最值得一去的地方要数成吉思汗陵。毕竟成吉思汗是蒙古民族的大英雄,也是古今中外著名的历史人物。毛泽东主席《沁园春·雪》一词中的"一代天骄,成吉思汗"让我深深地记住了成吉思汗,也让"一代天骄"成为了"成吉思汗"的代名词。瞻仰这位伟人的陵墓,自然也是我的神往之事。     

中亚国家独立前后跨国民族的迁移对其民族结构的影响

本文对中亚各国民族结构主体民族化的状况进行了分析研究。认为在中亚国家政局动荡、经济陷于危机的形势下,民族结构的主体民族化有利于各国暂时缓解民族矛盾和稳定政局,有利于暂时缓解失业带来的社会压力;然而从长远的发展角度来看,它侵蚀了中亚社会稳定的基石,不利于中亚各国社会的长治久安,破坏了良性的社会结构,加速了中亚社会的分化。     

贵州“崇拜文化”

在贵州,每个民族,每个地区,乃至每个村寨,每户村民,都有各自的崇拜对象。有些崇拜对象是共同的,但更多的崇拜对象则因民族而异,因地区而异,因村寨而异。在五花八门的贵州民间崇拜活动中,最为常见的有祖先崇皋、生殖崇拜、自然崇拜、鬼神崇拜、宗教崇拜等几种。而在上述种种民间崇拜活动中,有的又互相渗透,被此交织,构成一个错综复杂的民间崇拜网,从不同角度,不同层次朴素地反映出贵州各族人民对自然、对社会、对过去、对未来的认识与追求。一、祖先崇拜世上没有一个民族不崇敬、膜拜自己的祖先。贵州各族人民将对祖先的崇拜具…     

不灭的圣火 春季查干苏鲁克大典

正"从日出到日落之处,皆为天赐吾之大地。"一代天骄成吉思汗在南征北战时,曾说过这样一句豪情万丈的话。如今这句话被镌刻在成吉思汗陵区的石碑上,他的精神也在草原上生根发芽。蒙古人通过一年中各种祭祀活动,来纪念他们心目中这位真神。经年流传下来的祭祀活动,成为蒙古民族传统文化的集中体现。2006年成吉思汗祭典被列入首批《国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录》,成吉思汗祭祀文化也得到了社会各界越来越多的重视和保护。     

UNION REPUBLIC MIGRATION TRENDS IN THE USSR DURING THE 1980s

This article examines union republic migration trends in the USSR between 1979 and 1987 and prospects for indigenous out-migration from rural areas in Central Asia. The study is based on migration data derived by the residual technique and migration data from the 1985 microcensus. Results indicate that a south-to-north and probably Russian-dominated migration trend emerged in the 1980s, one which marks an almost complete reversal from earlier periods, especially 1959-70. Although Central Asia continues to have low levels of indigenous out-migration, labor surpluses and relatively waning capital investment in Central Asia may change this situation.     

The Ob' will enter the Caspian: the Yenisey-Ob'-Aral-Caspian Water Connection and the Energy Problem

An early 1949 version of Davydov's grandiose scheme for diverting water from the Yenisey and Ob' Rivers to Kazakhstan and Central Asia via the Turgay Gates and the Aral and Caspian Seas in order to stabilize the level of the Caspian, expand the irrigated acreage of Kazakhstan and Central Asia, generate abundant hydro-electric power, provide a cheap water transport route between Siberia and Central Asia, eliminate sukhovei (dry winds) at their source, and ameliorate the continental climate of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia. The plan reflects the anthropocentric “transformation of nature” and the large-scale “great projects of communism” drives of the late Stalinist period. The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.     

Strategic Reassertion in Russia's Central Asia Policy

President Putin has presided over a proactive, hard-headed and relatively effective Russian policy in Central Asia and the Caspian region since at least the summer of 2002, which aims both to support Russia's revival as an economic and military power and to help tackle at source new security challenges from the volatile south. In line with rising domestic nationalist thinking and the growing influence of officials with a security service or military background, Moscow has been searching for a rationale to support a more assertive policy in the region. Meanwhile, Russian and American views on the scope and conduct of the war on terrorism have diverged in important respects. Russia lacks an overall regional strategy for Central Asia, but is seeking to mesh together geopolitical, security and energy policy goals. It is seeking to reinvigorate its military–security influence in Central Asia under the banner of counterterrorism and at the same time has achieved long-term agreements for energy transit and purchases that make Central Asian states increasingly dependent on Russia in energy policy. Overall, a dynamic of competition is displacing the potential for cooperation between Russia and western states, especially the United States, in Central Asia. The prospects for a fully-fledged strategic partnership in the region are fading but the reality of security threats from Afghanistan and within Central Asia might eventually reconcile Moscow to a lower profile but long-term western strategic presence in the region.     

Regionalism in Central Asia: New Geopolitics, Old Regional Order

Behind the rhetoric of regional cooperation, the Central Asian states have been embroiled with increasing frequency in conflicts among themselves, including trade wars, border disputes and disagreements over the management and use of water and energy resources. Far from engendering a new regional order in Central Asia, the events of September 11, 2001 and the subsequent basing of US troops in the region have served to entrench pre-existing patterns of regional cooperation, while highlighting the obstacles that have beset the regionalization process there since the mid-1990s. While all five Central Asian states have been attempting to use the renewed rivalry between Russia and the United States, which is being played out in the Central Asian region, to maximize their strategic and economic benefits, the formation of the United States–Uzbekistan strategic partnership has increased the resolve of the other Central Asian states (Turkmenistan excepted) to balance Uzbekistan's preponderance by enthusiastically pursuing regional projects involving Russia and, to a lesser extent, China. This regional dynamic has resulted in the steady gravitation of the centre of regionalism in Central Asia to the north from a nominal Tashkent–Astana axis to a more stable Astana–Moscow one, with possible repercussions for the poorer states of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The article examines the major constraints on regionalism in Central Asia, considering in particular the ways in which the personalist, non-democratic regimes of Central Asia have obstructed state–centric 'top–down' regionalism as well as informal regionalist processes 'from below'.     

试论新疆与中亚民族、文化多元融合性特点及其差异

章对新疆与中亚民族、化融合的特点进行了探讨,认为由于独特的地理环境及处于几大明之间,中亚地区成为不同种族、民族融合的舞台,民族的复杂化和化的多元化使这里从远古至19世纪在经济上始终没有形成一个统一的经济基础,政治上大多数时候处于各自为政的局面,在民族发展进程中表现为整体上伊斯兰化、突厥化的同对,近代各个民族也在孕育之中。     

The Jewish Communities of Central Asia in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods

When the Jews first settled in Central Asia is uncertain, but circumstantial evidence clearly indicates that this happened at least two and a half thousand years ago. In the first millennium AD, the Jews lived only in cities no farther than 750?km east of the Caspian sea (in the eighth–eleventh centuries the sea was called Khazarian). Only later did they migrate to the central part of the region, to cities like Samarkand and Bukhara. It is possible that Jews from Khazaria joined them, since they already had tight trade connections with Central Asia and China. There is no trace of evidence regarding the existence of Jews in the entirety of Central Asia in the early sixteenth century. At the very end of the sixteenth century Bukhara became the new ethnoreligious center of the Jews in that region. In the first half of the nineteenth century, thanks to European travelers visiting Central Asia at that time, the term “Bukharan Jews” was assigned to this sub-ethnic Jewish group. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary source materials, this article aims to prove that the presence of Jews in Central Asia was not continuous, and therefore the modern Bukharan Jews are not descendants of the first Jewish settlers there. It also attempts to determine where Central Asia’s first Jewish population disappeared to.     

文明交往视阈下16世纪布哈拉汗国的经济发展

1500年布哈拉汗国的建立拉开了中亚近代史的序幕。乌兹别克人的南下加快了河中地区游牧文明与农耕文明的交往,促使汗国经济发展步入转折期。在继承和变革帖木儿王朝经济制度的前提下,16世纪汗国的农牧经济得到恢复和发展,手工业进一步完善,对外贸易重新活跃,从而对中亚近代文明交往产生了深远影响。乌兹别克人在与河中地区各民族频繁交往的过程中,其经济生活逐渐转向农业,并接受中亚传统的伊斯兰教,从而实现了中亚农耕文明和伊斯兰文化的传承与发展。     

浅析中亚国家的社会分化与整合

本文通过对中亚国家独立十年来的民族社会结构分化与社会整合等问题的探讨 ,揭示了中亚各国在独立道路上所遇到的困难与波折 ,分析了中亚各国的社会发展情况。从社会结构的分化上来说 ,中亚各国独立十年来体现在各领域的分层十分明显。从社会整合方面来讲 ,由于前苏联人为地造成的资源分配的不平衡 ,导致中亚各国资源利用上的匮乏 ,致使其政治系统的正常运行受到严重的打击 ,结果给中亚各国的社会整合带来了较大的困难。目前中亚各国的社会整合任重而道远 ,需要社会各部分力量的相互协调与合作。     

古典阿拉伯——伊斯兰舆地文献所记欧亚陆路交通

根据阿拉伯——伊斯兰舆地文献,结合汉籍文献记载,考辨了9—10世纪自地中海到中国的陆路交通路线。中亚到中国的道路起于呼罗珊的木鹿,中亚地区的布哈拉、撒马尔罕、扎敏、怛逻斯和碎叶是重要的交通枢纽,而花剌子模是中亚与东南欧及北欧贸易的中心及货物集散地。